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Topic: Women in Cuba

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	Women in Cuba before the revolution
		According to Cuba's 1953 census, the percentage of illiterate males (26 percent) exceeded that of illiterate females (21 percent).
		Women "seldom [ran] for office nor [did] they appear often as members of boards, commissions, or other appointive positions at the policy-making level." Nearly all women in politics or public office found themselves relegated chiefly to subordinate roles.
		Moreover, although Cuba was less influenced by the Catholic Church and somewhat more socially egalitarian than other Latin American states, an authoritarian and patriarchal family structure, part of the island's Hispanic legacy, did indeed influence society to a considerable degree.
	www.historyofcuba.com /history/women1.htm (979 words)

	Women in Cuba - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Oddly enough, women in the working class were often thought of as poor individuals, and were regarded as a lower status than women who did not work.
		Black women were discriminated against in favour of white women in Cuba, denying the former work as nurses, a popular occupation.
		By 1990, with a population of 10 million in Cuba, women accounted for 39% of the workforce, and 58% of them were in technical positions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Women_in_Cuba (904 words)

	Cuba - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Cuba
		Cuba was ceded to the USA in 1898, at the end of the Spanish-American War.
		Cuba demanded the return of illegal immigrants, centring around the repatriation of Elian Gonzalez, a six-year-old boy who survived the shipwreck that killed his mother as they attempted to migrate to Florida.
		However, economic sanctions between Cuba and the USA were eased slightly in July as the US Congress agreed a deal to allow sales of food and medicine to Cuba, exempting them from the economic sanctions which remain in place on other goods.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Cuba (1719 words)

	Final Essay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Despite women’s involvement in the Sierra campaign, and despite the common opinion that women’s role in the revolution is not paid enough attention to, the relationships between the main M-26-7 women and men of the M-26-7 takes away from the women’s individual accomplishments.
		The women as cooks can greatly improve the diet and, furthermore, it is easier to keep her in these domestic tasks; [such duties] are scorned by those [males] who perform them; they are constantly trying to get out of those tasks in order to enter into forces that are actively in combat.
		Cuba was not in a financial position to provide free day care for all of the nation’s families, and the traditional issue of "housework versus paid-work" was an issue even in Cuba’s society based on equality.
	www.trincoll.edu /~tracciat/final1.htm (2803 words)

	Encyclopedia: Women in Cuba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		To the north is found the United States, to the northeast the Bahamas, to the east the Turks and Caicos Islands, to the west Mexico, to the south the Cayman Islands and Jamaica, and to the southeast Haiti.
		Cuba currently trades with almost every nation in the world, albeit at a very small scale because under the U.S. embargo any company that deals with Cuba is barred from dealing with the United States, so internationally operating companies are forced to choose between Cuba and the United States, which is a much bigger market.
		In Cuba the 6th of January is the "Dia de los Reyes Magos" which in English means "Day of Kings" is celebrated to commemorate the day that the Three Wise Men came to visit Jesus according to the Gospels.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Women-in-Cuba (1273 words)

	HEALTH-CUBA: Targetting Women to Promote Safe Sex
		The new focus on empowering women to insist on the use of condoms is only one of the Centre's actions targetting women in Cuba, especially those in the 15 to 29 age category.
		Women's greater vulnerability to STDs is due as much to cultural reasons as to biological determinants, observes the UNFPA State of the World Population 2000 report.
		Women "need to be better informed, and to learn how to negotiate the use of the condom with their partners," stressed Villalón.
	www.aegis.com /news/ips/2000/IP001016.html (1187 words)

	Encyclopedia: Cuba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Cuba is divided into 14 provinces of 169 municipalities, and one special municipality (the Isle of Youth).
		Despite several efforts by Cuba in the United Nations to oust the United States from its naval base at Guantánamo Bay, leased in 1903, the base continues to be garrisoned by U.S. Marines.
		Cuba said that planes from the same group had previously flown into Cuban airspace and dropped antigovernment leaflets, but Cuba's repeated diplomatic complaints to the United States about the incidents had gone unheeded.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Cuba (1220 words)

	ipedia.com: Cuba Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Republic of Cuba is an archipelago in the northern Caribbean, in between the Caribbean Sea, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.
		Cuba is a "Communist state", or a parliamentary republic led by a Communist Party.
		Cuba is divided into 14 provinces of 169 municipalities, and one special municipality (the Isla de la Juventud).
	www.ipedia.com /cuba.html (1354 words)

	Women in Socialist Cuba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A major issue by the 1980s among progressive politically involved Cuban women became the debate of what was the major forces impeding them.
		A shift away from a criticism of capitalism toward a criticism of machismo, of caudillo culture in Cuba, of partriarchalism.
		Cuban women shunned contraception in favor of abortion.
	www.class.uidaho.edu /Graden/women_in_socialist_cuba.htm (444 words)

	Cuban Women
		Women were discourage from taking part in public life and in many fiiniilies’ women were not even allow to venture out of the house without a chaperone.
		Women in Cuba are also benefiting from a very advance maternity rights law that was past in the 1973/4.
		Many women of the older generations in Cuba will tell that for them the right to freely choose a marriage partner and leave one who they didn’t want to live was one of the most important gains of the revolution.
	www.saxakali.com /caribbean/nshaikh.htm (2071 words)

	The Status of Cuban Women: From Economically Dependent to Independent
		Cuban women took full advantage of the revolutionary government's initiatives aimed at opening the doors to improvement and reintegration into the country's socioeconomic life in terms of education, health care, employment and projects with the goal of attaining full gender equality.
		While thousands of women throughout the world are calling for a plot of land to farm, in Cuba more than 11,200 women are now using land in usufruct to grow tobacco, coffee, cacao and garden vegetables, thanks to an initiative begun in 1993 which continues to expand.
		Cuba is 12th in the list of women parliamentary representatives, surpassed only by those nations which have set minimum quotas for women representatives.
	www.angelfire.com /pr/red/cuba/status_of_cuban_women.htm (2103 words)

	Women, prison and HIV
		Women of color aged 14 to 24 years old accounted for 42 percent of the women arrested and imprisoned for sex work in 2001 in the United States.
		Equality for working women in Cuba is guaranteed by law—one of the fundamental measures taken to achieve social justice, the main objective of the Revolution.
		Women compose 66.1 percent of all professionals and technicians, 51 percent of all doctors, 43 percent of scientists, 33.1 percent of managers.
	www.workers.org /2007/us/women-prison-hiv-0329 (1286 words)

	[No title]
		Cuba is one country where the progress of women has resulted in the need to consider quotas for men in certain university disciplines, such as medicine.
		During her visit to Cuba, the Special Rapporteur noted that most programmes relating to the elimination of violence against women had been established specifically in response to the Beijing Conference, that is to say, relatively recently.
		The women who engage in prostitution were characterized as originating from families without morals or from dysfunctional families and it was emphasized that any prostitution that might exist in Cuba was not practised in order to meet economic needs, but rather as a result of crumbling social and moral values.
	www.hri.ca /fortherecord2000/documentation/commission/e-cn4-2000-68-add2.htm (10452 words)

	Women in Cuba
		Women had a key role in the struggle for the triumph of the Revolution and in their turn they demanded equality with men at every level of society.
		While campesino women are being affected by the pauperization of their working conditions, those involved in the agribusiness sector are to be found in the lowest-paid jobs, working on tasks that require meticulous care.
		Women confront a structural limitation in terms of access to technology and training (among other reasons, due to the rural women’s illiteracy), which has repercussions on their insertion in the most advanced areas.
	homepage.eircom.net /~csg/womenInCuba.html (5811 words)

	CUBA
		Cuba has become a magnet for sex tourists and pedophiles, and the tourists have been responsible for the revival of the Havana brothels and child prostitution.
		Cuba tests all pregnant women for HIV and uses Cesarean sections for HIV-positive mothers, which reduces the risk of infection during labor to 1 percent.
		The UN Special Rapporteur on Violence Against Women, reported that the officials with whom she met in 1999 were of the opinion that violence against women was not a problem because the existing statistics for reported cases were fairly low.
	iwraw.igc.org /publications/countries/cuba.htm (3453 words)

	CUBA: Women and Alcoholism, the Enemy of the Lonely
		Many experts associate the rise of alcoholism among women with the progress in socialisation, participation and the inclusion of women in all spheres of the social and economic life of the country.
		Women are also more susceptible to liver diseases caused by alcohol, in a shorter time and with a lower consumption than men.
		Women who drink to excess have a higher risk of breast cancer, and drinking alcohol during pregnancy increases the risk of birth defects, which makes alcohol addiction one of the most dangerous consumption patterns, according to the World Bank study.
	www.ipsnews.net /news.asp?idnews=35390 (1195 words)

	[No title]
		Cuban women are trafficked to the United States, Europe, and Costa Rica, and Jamaican women are trafficked to Cuba.
		Cuba is a popular destination country for sex tourists from Canada, the United States, and Europe. Factors That Contribute to the Trafficking Infrastructure Cuba was once known as the “brothel of the Caribbean” because of its reputation as a haven for wealthy Americans looking for sex, gambling, and wild nightlife.
		Cuba’s tourist industry is heavily dominated by state companies, and government employees tolerate corrupt practices that facilitation this sexual exploitation, sometimes even making state-run facilities available for underage prostitution.” Cuba was placed on Tier 3 by the U.S. Department of State in 2005, 2004 and 2003.
	www.protectionproject.org /cuba.doc (1169 words)

	Cuba's Foreign Debt
		For example, Cuba defaulted in October 2002 on a $750 million refinancing agreement with Japan’s private sector after having signed a debt restructuring accord with Tokyo in 1998.
		Japan, Cuba’s single-largest creditor, had expected to see the first payments in 2003 on part of the $1.7 billion owed to Japan by the Castro regime.
		In Cuba’s stagnant economy there is one growth sector that is expanding: the “sex-tourism” industry.
	www.state.gov /p/wha/rls/fs/22743.htm (895 words)

	[No title]
		CUBA BECOMES FIRST COUNTRY IN THE WORLD TO TOTALLY ELIMINATE GERMAN MEASLES Havana, April 17(RHC)-- Cuba has become the first country in the world to totally eliminate German measles, according to the head of the Cuban Health Ministry's National Vaccination Program, Miguel Angel Galindo.
		Cuba later exchanged the prisoners for food to feed Cuban children, who were already suffering from the U.S.- imposed blockade against the island.
		In Cuba, said Yamila Gonzalez, women make up 52 percent of the workforce and constitute 65 percent of the technicians and professionals.
	www.radiohc.org /Distributions/Radio_Havana_English/.1998/98_apr/rhc-eng-04.17.98 (1099 words)

	H-Net Review: Juan C. Santamarina on Sex and Revolution: Women in Socialist Cuba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		As its authors note, however, the study of women in Cuba is problematic for a number of reasons: sources are scant; it is a politically sensitive topic in Cuba; Cuban statistics are contradictory and vague; and the enduring hostility between the United States and Cuba makes research extremely difficult and surrounded by suspicion (pp.
		Consequently, the FMC was created as the umbrella organization that represented all women and their interests in an attempt to institutionalize women as a force within the male-directed revolution, not as a separate or competing power.
		Women's issues as promoted and defended by the FMC were promoted by the male-directed revolutionary leadership in order to break the old system and replace it with a new one in which women played a more prominent role in the economy and society.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=21721849827241 (2797 words)

	women and cuba collaboration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Women in the US and globally are laboring for alternatives to violence, the end of poverty and discrimination, and an emphasis on human development that includes the right to health care, housing, education, and reproductive freedoms which provide the material conditions for full social, cultural, and political participation for all.
		The status of women in Cuba is impressive measured against the international standard of the Beijing Platform for Action from the Fourth United Nations World Conference on Women.
		Women across the world might benefit from knowledge, understanding, and strategic advice about building a nation that extends the definition of basic human rights to include rights to health care, housing, employment, education, and food.
	www.womenandcuba.org /whywomen.htm (1014 words)

	Women's Healthcare in Cuba: Observation of Medical Facilities in Cerro, Havana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		My research focuses on women’s health care issues; my objective was to observe what types of medical and health-related services are available to women.
		Puentes-Corral, however, convinced the guard to let us through as he led me and another student on a brief tour through the corridors of the University of Havana’s medical school site, the same one that was converted from a nun’s convent in the early years of the revolution.
		One of the women I spoke with there told me that as the mother of a small boy, she stops by in the afternoon in order to have a place to rest, and then she leaves in the evening.
	ii.csusb.edu /journal/cuba/women.html (4893 words)

	Women of Cuba
		Women of cuba woman of cuba cuba woman seeking man cuba women seeking men single cuba women.
		Single cuba woman cuban women women from cuba women in cuba.
		When you arrive in Cuba, you tell the official that you are a tourist, and give him the name of the hotel or casa particulars where you will be staying.
	www.cubandolls.com /women_of_cuba.html (767 words)

	Cuba- Derek Burger's Website
		In Cuba women hold over 60% of the professional jobs, and seem to be equally treated in the workplace.
		Women in Cuba are provided with childcare services (courtesy of Big Brother) so that they can focus on their careers as much as possible.
		In America the women's liberation movement had been a movement of one segment of society trying to battle the dominance of another segment of society.
	www.localaccess.com /burger/cuba.htm (1365 words)

	Cuba - Commission on Human Rights
		The report notes that the decision to refer to comments from UN bodies was based on the fact that, unlike the SR, these bodies enjoy the cooperation of the government and because they deal with issues related to the main themes of concern and give an expert assessment of them.
		Referring to the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the report notes that Cuba's report was considered at the Committee's May 1997 session (CRC/C/15/Add.72) and the CRC viewed positively the progress made in providing services for, and advancing the well-being of, children, especially with regard to health and education.
		The CRC acknowledged the dissolution of Cuba's traditional economic ties and the intensification of the trade embargo as factors hindering implementation of the Convention.
	www.hri.ca /fortherecord1998/vol4/cubachr.htm (1242 words)

	Nuncio calls for respect for women in Cuba
		Havana, Aug 19, 2005 / 12:00 am (CNA).- During the Mass for the Feast of the Assumption on August 15, the Apostolic Nuncio in Cuba, Archbishop Luigi Bonazzi, exhorted Cubans to protect the dignity of all women and to treat them as daughters of God.
		Many women suffering new threats to dignity, says Vatican delegate to U.N. Mexican archbishop denounces abuse of women as attack on God’s plan
		Experts discuss importance of role of women in the Church
	www.catholicnewsagency.com /new.php?n=4678 (229 words)

	Cuba Solidarity Campaign : Cuba Si : Charting women’s progress since 1959
		Women have played a defining part in the changes that have taken place in the economic, political and social life of Cuba since the revolution of 1959.
		Women have been active in the theoretical and political struggle to alter the fundamental problem of the status of women in Cuban society and this has been the starting point to begin the struggle for full equal rights and opportunities.
		The programme for the advancement of women in Cuba assumed this conception and appropriate programmes, specific measures and actions to transform the status of women are also aimed at finding solutions to gender inequalities.
	www.cuba-solidarity.org /cubasi_article.asp?ArticleID=30 (1190 words)

	Health, Heart Rate Changes Linked to Depression in Women: Cuba News, Cuba Travel, cultural, business news.
		UF researchers joined with investigators at nine other medical centers to evaluate 2,699 postmenopausal women between the ages of 50 and 83 years who were enrolled in the Myocardial Ischemia and Migraine Study, an ancillary study to the Women's Health Initiative.
		Women who have an underlying cardiac condition also frequently develop symptoms that differ from those commonly found in men with the same problem, making it easy for some practitioners to overlook a diagnosis of heart disease, Sheps said.
		Credit - Debit Cards usage in Cuba - It is a common question of the prospective travelers to Cuba if they will be able to use their debit or credit cards there.
	www.cubaxp.com /modules/news/article-2621.html (1170 words)

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