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Topic: Wood engraver

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	Wood Engraving - LoveToKnow 1911
		If a block of wood is inked with a greasy ink and then pressed on a piece of paper, the ink from the block will be transferred at once to the paper, on which we shall have a fl patch exactly the size and shape of the inked surface.
		Wood engraving, then, is really nothing but that primitive block-cutting which prepared for the printer the letters in relief now replaced by movable types, and the only difference between a delicate modern woodcut and the rude letters in the first printed books is a difference of artistic skill and knowledge.
		Wood engraving in the first three quarters of the 19th century had no special character of its own, nothing like Bewick's work, which had a character derived from the nature of the process; but on the other hand, the modern art is set to imitate every kind of engraving and every kind of drawing.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Wood_Engraving (4141 words)

	wood - definition by dict.die.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Wood choir, the choir, or chorus, of birds in the woods.
		(a) A nymph inhabiting the woods; a fabled goddess of the woods; a dryad.
		Wood reeve, the steward or overseer of a wood.
	dict.die.net /wood (1649 words)

	Wood engraving - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wood engraving is, simply, the craft, or technique, of engraving, using the medium of wood.
		The technique of wood engraving was further developed, roughly 350 years later, at the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, with the works of Thomas Bewick.
		Since wood engraving is a relief process while metal engraving is an intaglio technique, wood engravings could be used on conventional print presses, which were themselves making rapid mechanical improvements during the first quarter of the 19th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wood_engraving (512 words)

	[No title]
		Throughout the 19th century wood engravings were relished for their ease of use in the printing press and commercial flexibility, while being reviled as merely a means of reproduction containing no artistic integrity of their own.
		Wood engraving is generally seen to be the superior method, and the undisputed father of wood engravings is an Englishman, Thomas Bewick.
		The space between designer and engraver was bridged in many such workshops, in that the master engravers took in artists as apprentices who only wanted to learn how to draw on wood in a way to suit the engraver, and did not intend to engrave their own work.
	www.gslis.utexas.edu /~cochinea/txt/l-streus-02-wood-engrav.txt (3058 words)

	Wood Engraving
		These early blocks were all cut on the long grain of the wood, a method that continued until it was discovered that the end grain was a better medium for cutting of fine lines for shading or outline.
		Photographers found a way of photographing on to the wood not only drawings but other photographs, and the engraver had to adjust his style to the new medium, for to cut direct from a photograph was very different from cutting facsimile from a drawing.
		The artist and engraver are now one, as they should be where original work is to be done, and every exponent of the craft expresses his or her own individuality.
	www.woodblock.com /encyclopedia/entries/011_11/author_intro.html (1211 words)

	Holter:
		Some engravers were so skilled that you would be fooled into thinking you were look at a pen and ink drawing, when in reality it was an engraving.
		A wood engraver was a skilled technician, not necessarily an artist.
		Because wood engraving wasn't being used as a means of reproducing an already existing piece of art, fl line engraving was rarely seen.
	www.holter.com /hlt/engraving.php (540 words)

	History of Wood Engraving (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A figure of such a knife is frequently to be seen in old wood- cuts, together with that of a graver which was probably used in the execution of cross-hatchings.
		Wood of a red colour usually wants tenacity, and cuts soft and short; and if it displays many distinct rings it is extremely liable to shrink irregularly, and to thus rendar it difficult to obtain a perfect impression.
		Wood containing whitish specks or streaks is apt to break away under the graver in such places.
	www.ashcraft.org /gary/history/woodcuts/woodcuts.html (1682 words)

	Woodcuts
		There is a keen, fresh pleasure in cutting into a block of wood with knife or graver to bring forth a composition of different levels, of heights and depths; and, in the ensuing printing, in rolling the fl ink over the surface and pulling the first proof.
		Modern woodcutting and wood engraving was born when photomechanical methods of reproduction replaced the work of the older woodcutter or wood engraver.
		Therefore it is unnecessary for the engraver to have a sketch in a technique approaching that of the later cutting; it would even be disturbing and hindering, because the hand guiding the knife is directed according to the stylistic purpose.
	www.woodblock.com /encyclopedia/entries/011_10/chap_1.html (2135 words)

	A Short History of Wood Engraving by James Horton
		The subjects were often religious, and used as souvenirs of pilgrimages to the shrines of saints.The Germans, such as Albrecht Durer (1471-1528) and the Formschneider engravers raised the woodcut to a fine art.
		Photographic processes eventually curtailed the use of wood engraving as an industry, although it maintained a niche in the commercial field well into the 20th century, especially for catalogue illustration.
		The turn of the century saw the era of private presses use wood engraving again as fine book illustration and limited edition prints (those purely for the sake of the beauty of the print and the personal vision of the artist-engraver).
	www.woodengravers.net /short_history_link_page.htm (418 words)

	A comprehensive history of wood-engraving - wood engraving in 17th & 18th Centuries - 1844
		Those cuts, whether executed on wood or on metal, are certainly better than any that had previously printed as illustrations of Æsop, and most decidedly superior to all that appeared subsequently, till the time of Thomas Bewick.
		Though Bewick, as an artist, had no master, yet Nature was his mistress; he courted her on the hill-side and in the meadow, in the dene and in the loaning, by the stream and in the wood; he courted her as a country beauty, and as he found her so has he depicted her.
		The result was, that he undertook to do them; but, as he knew nothing of engraving on wood, their execution was committed to Bewick, who invented a graver with a fine groove at the point, which enabled him to cut the outlines by a single operation.
	www.antiquemapsandprints.com /a-history-of-wood-engraving5b.htm (3334 words)

	ARTH574 - Nineteenth Century Printmaking
		WOOD ENGRAVING--a method of RELIEF printing--was widely used in the nineteenth century for book, magazine, and newspaper illustrations because the blocks used were able to withstand the pounding of a mechanical printing press making thousands of impressions.
		Wood engravers worked on small blocks of hard Turkish boxwood, or of maple, that were cut across the grain.
		The wood engraver draws the image as he or she "engraves," instead of merely eliminating unwanted wood from a line drawing.
	www.louisville.edu /a-s/finearts/VRC/buser345/readprint19.html (3426 words)

	Engravers and Illustrators
		THOMAS BEWICK (1753-1828) was trained as an engraver in metal, and it was in imitation of engraving in relief that he successfully introduced and perfected the white-line technique of wood engraving.
		JOHN DE POL (1913-), undoubtedly the best known contemporary wood engraver, was born in Greenwich Village, New York, and studied lithography at the Art Students League and subsequently at the Belfast College of Art.
		She is tutor in wood engraving at City and Guilds of London School of Art and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Painter-Printmakers.
	www.library.unt.edu /rarebooks/exhibits/woodengr/engraver.htm (2611 words)

	Pine Engraver Ips pini FIDL 122
		Most pine engraver problems are associated with disturbances such as windthrow and snow breakage, drought in spring and early summer, logging, fires, road construction, housing development or other human activities.
		Because pine engraver beetles overwinter as adults and normally only infest fresh slash when they emerge in the spring, logging slash created from early winter through late spring can be especially hazardous by providing large amounts of breeding material.
		This is a revision of the pine engraver pest leaflet written by Charles Sartwell, Richard F. Schmitz, and W.J. Buckhom in 1971.
	www.fs.fed.us /r6/nr/fid/fidls/f122.htm (2189 words)

	Lepère map (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Nonetheless, wood engraving is a form of relief printing that differs from traditional woodcut in the use of end-grain blocks and in the standardization of their thickness.
		Hallmarks of the technique include a "vocabulary" of white lines throughout, indicating that the print is a relief print (in which the marks made by the wood engraving tool are un-inked, being lower than the surface of the block).
		White lines are especially evident in areas where the wood engraving tool has been used for cross-hatching, revealing a grid of white lines (for a good example look at the light passages in the clouds above the woman's head).
	www2.ku.edu /~sma/lepere/lepmap.htm (281 words)

	Periodicals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It was a practical means of illustration because, unlike steel- and copper- plate engraving, wood engraving did not have to be printed separately on a single leaf.
		As a result of wood engraving's proliferation in periodicals, it became artistically degraded, particularly as it is seen in lurid depictions of crimes in Victorian newspapers and in boys' dime novels such as Diamond Dick Jr.
		Especially in periodicals, the wood engraver frequently was seen as a crafts person instead of an artist.
	www.library.unt.edu /rarebooks/exhibits/woodengr/period.htm (190 words)

	Chapter Wone <i>to</i> Wooden of W by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		the choir, or chorus, of birds in the woods.
		Wood comminuted, and reduced to a powdery or dusty mass.
		a piece of wood close fitted and sheathed with copper, in the throating or score of the pintle, to keep the rudder from rising.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1214/24538/3.html (650 words)

	Pets in Stone - Custom Pet Cremation Urn Monument Memorial Mural Glass Etching Engraving
		Almost all wood engravings start with a drawing, but in the case of wood sign engraving, you'll want to incorporate both image and letters.
		Wood engraved signs are traditional, classic works of art that are meant to grab the attention and interest of friends, tourists and customers for years and years.
		Traditional wood engraved signs are solid and three-dimensional, creating a realness that can be touched and felt.
	www.lwoa.com /articles/woodsign.htm (204 words)

	John William Evans. Index. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Evans was a disginguished wood engraver, who did both reproductive and original work.
		In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, wood engraving was the primary medium of reproduction in books and magazines.
		Wood engraving is a highly technical and demanding medium.
	www.allinsongallery.com /evans/index.html (404 words)

	Wood Engraving and a Wood Engraver in the 21st Century
		Wood engraving was in its prime during the early nineteenth century, when it was used to illustrate printed material.
		Wood engravings are images printed from blocks of end-grain hard wood that have been engraved with fine tools.
		Ink is rolled onto the surface of the wood and, wherever the wood is engraved, ink will not touch, and so that line will not be printed.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/visual_arts/73358/1 (564 words)

	Chris Daunt UK Based Blockmaker Suppling Quality Wood Engraving Blocks
		He has made his living since then principally as an illustrator, specialising in wood engraving, but also as a craftsman in wood and other materials, making models, for example, for a local science centre.
		This threatened the continuation of the whole art form and the Society of Wood Engravers turned at this point to Chris.
		It is particularly satisfying to see the provision of wood engraving blocks come to Tyneside - perhaps one should say come home to Tyneside - just across the river from where Thomas Bewick started the whole thing off over two hundred years ago.
	www.chrisdauntwoodengravingblocks.co.uk /chris.html (258 words)

	Rutgers University Libraries: Libraries: Special Collections and University Archives: Finding Aid: The John DePol ...
		Typescript and wood engraving of Fourth Avenue by Depol.
		Wood engraving of New York City for The Ninth Annual Congress of the International League of Antiquarian Booksellers.
		Wood engraving of Thomas Hardy, a frontispiece for Jude the Obscure.
	www.libraries.rutgers.edu /rul/libs/scua/depol/depol_f_aids.shtml (2169 words)

	COLOR PRINTING: RELIEF PROCESSES
		The earliest printing process, the woodcut, is produced by cutting away the unwanted part of a piece of wood.
		The design is drawn directly on the wood which is cut plankwise or along the length of the grain or tree trunk.
		By using a burin, the wood engraver could produce a wider range of tones than were possible with a woodcut.
	www.lib.udel.edu /ud/spec/exhibits/color/reliefs.htm (1074 words)

	A comprehensive history of wood-engraving - wood engraving in 17th & 18th Centuries - 1844. Chapter 5. Part 4.
		This cut, which was published in 1821, though correctly drawn, elaborately engraved, and displaying the greatest skill in the mechanism of the art, is yet not a good specimen of the effective employment of the means of wood-engraving.
		Many of those cuts are excellent, both in design and execution; but many more a great deal of labour has been wasted in the execution of minute cross-hatchings, which, so far from improving the subject, either in contributing to give effect, or in expressing character, have made the cut look like a piece of net-work.
		Should the German designers and engravers on wood continue to advance in this manner, the reputation which the art formerly enjoyed in Germany will speedily be restored.
	www.antiquemapsandprints.com /a-history-of-wood-engraving5d.htm (2247 words)

	Wood, Sculpture, Artists, Visual Arts, Performing Arts at World Wide Arts Resources
		Wood engravings, woodcuts, linocuts, intaglios, mezzotints and drawings, of an unusual nature by an unusual little old Canadian wood engraver who maintains a studio with a Vandercook SP15 proofing press called the Spanish Fly press.
		He works in the mediums of wood, metal, epoxy, and even snow.
		Michael Wood is a Fine Art Photographer and teacher of Miksang Contemplative Photography.
	wwar.com /categories/Artists/Sculpture/Wood/index29.html (552 words)

	William Dickes 1815-92
		The wood engraver and pioneering colour printer William Dickes was born in Beechencliff, near Bath, on 7 May 1815.
		He was apprenticed to the wood engraver Robert Branston Junior around 1831, then from 1835 attended the Royal Academy Schools where he won several medals for drawing.
		In 1842 he was commissioned by Robert Cadell to draw illustrations and to supervise engraving (mostly on wood) for the Abbotsford Edition of the Waverley Novels.
	www.walterscott.lib.ed.ac.uk /portraits/engravers/dickes.html (470 words)

	Art for Industry's Sake (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Although wood engravers often worked "from" a painting or photograph created by another artist, authorial credit for the final ink-on-paper version of an image was almost always granted to the wood engraver rather than to the painter or photographer who had furnished the image upon which the engraver's interpretation was based.
		Although wood engravers were justified in claiming authorship of the images they produced, halftone photoengravers were not.
		Unlike wood engravers, who never formed a labor union in their entire centuries-long history, by the end of the first decade of the 20th Century American photoengravers had succeeded in forming one of the strongest and most independent unions in the American printing industry.
	dphillips.web.wesleyan.edu /halftone/chap3.html (8000 words)

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