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Topic: Wood fibre

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	Trinity Mirror Website Environment
		We are committed to ensuring that the wood fibre used to produce our paper comes from reputable sources.
		Maximise the proportion of recycled fibre in the paper we use, within the technical constraints of obtaining paper that is fit-for-purpose.
		Work with our suppliers to identify any forest sources of wood fibre that are unacceptable, either on environmental or social grounds, and seek to eliminate these from our supply chain.
	www.trinitymirror.com /environment/environpolicy (0 words)

	Wood fibre debris processor - Patent 5394912
		Wood fibre debris which develops as a result of storage and handling of logs for use in the primary forest resources manufacturing industries has generally been collected and disposed of in landfill sites, usually adjacent to the primary mills.
		Abrader shafts 10, 11, 12 and 13 are arranged at an angle upwardly toward the gate 5 rear of the wood fibre debris processor 2.
		Wood fibre debris material is loaded into the first three meter section of the processor 2 with a conventional wheel or track loader making use of the loading chute 14.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5394912.html (4790 words)

	Plospan - Wood Fibre
		PLOSPAN® Wood Fibre is the ideal stable absorbent for your horses and is available in bags of different sizes.
		The standard wood fibre bag has a press volume of 136 litres, with a spreading volume of 600 litres.
		Wood fibre is especially used in horse riding schools, stables and on poultry farms.
	www.plospan.nl /engels/houtvezel.html (98 words)

	RIRDC: The New Rural Industries - A Hanbook for Farmers and Investors- walnuts
		The fibres of jute, kenaf, roselle, sunn hemp, industrial hemp, ramie and flax are present in the bark fraction of the stem and are referred to as bast fibres.
		Where textile fibre is being produced from kenaf, roselle and sunn hemp the stems are cut at the base, bundled and, after a short period of field drying to allow shedding of the leaves, placed in water for several weeks.
		The advantages which hemp may have because of its longer and stronger fibre are outweighed by the need to cut the fibre to a length of about 2.5 mm to prevent clumping of the fibres during pulping and the almost negligible value of the core material.
	www.rirdc.gov.au /pub/handbook/plantfibre.html (4989 words)

	Natural and Wood Fibre Reinforcement in Polymers
		Currently many types of natural fibre are being investigated for use in plastics including: flax, hemp, jute, straw, wood fibre, rice husks, wheat, barley, oats, rye, cane (sugar and bamboo), grass, reeds, kenaf, ramie, oil palm empty fruit bunch sisal, coir, water hyacinth, pennywort, kapok, paper-mulberry, raphia, banana fibre, pineapple leaf fibre and papyrus.
		Wood fibres can be subdivided into two types — hardwood and softwood.
		Steam explosion is a common pretreatment for wood fibres as it can increase the specific surface and improve properties of composites, however it can also have a negative effect.
	www.netcomposites.com /netcommerce_features.asp?717 (364 words)

	All-Wood Fibre Ltd.
		All-Wood's "Advantage" is the company's ability to manage all phases of portable wood chipping including road planning and construction, harvesting, portable chipping and coordination of chip hauling and deliveries.
		All-Wood Fibre Ltd. is the only portable wood chipping company in western Canada able to deliver full-phase chipping services and hence the "All-Wood Advantage".
		All-Wood makes better use of its equipment and its highly skilled crews and the result is a better bottom-line for All-Wood and its customers.
	all-woodfibre.com (0 words)

	wood floor - wood craft - wood carving - Wood World
		Wood World was established as a world wide trading site for information to promote trade in the Wood Industry.
		Wood Siding, Wooden Flooring, Kitchen & Bathroom Cabinets, Doors and Windows
		Wooden Pallets and Skids, Firewood, Pellitized Wood Fuels
	www.woodfibre.com (134 words)

	Forest Research - Cell wall macromolecules and reaction wood (CEMARE)
		Bring together scientists from a broad background of research on cell-wall macromolecules, wood formation, wood and fibre properties, to exchange their knowledge, techniques and methodologies in a synergistic way.
		Develop basic science on fibre structure, formation and properties necessary for addressing the practical problems related to the fibre wall structure and reaction wood occurrence in the various areas of the whole wood chain, including forestry and tree breeding as well as the wood and paper industries.
		WG 4: Relating wood and fibre properties to structure and formation.
	www.forestry.gov.uk /website/forestresearch.nsf/ByUnique/INFD-6FMCB3 (319 words)

	WURC - Wood Ultrastructure Research Centre
		Mechanical pulp fibres have a very heterogeneous structure, and the surface structure and composition depends on both the wood species and the processing method adopted.
		Studies conducted on characterizing the cell wall damages of spruce TMP fibre fractions showed that fibre splitting and fibrillation do not occur in a random process, but rather are related to the original native structure/ultrastructure of the fibre cell wall.
		Fibre fibrillation by the initiation of splits near sites of weakness (arrows) within the cell wall of pulp fibres such as cross-field (a, b.) and bordered pits (c.).
	www-wurc.slu.se /rese/project_15.htm (834 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Wood fibre (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Wood fibres are usually cellulosic elements that are extracted from trees, straw, bamboo, cotton seed, hemp, sugar cane and other sources.
		Since the late wood of a growth ring is usually darker in color than the early wood, this fact may be used in judging the density, and therefore the hardness and strength of the material.
		In ring-porous woods the vessels of the early wood not infrequently appear on a finished surface as darker than the denser late wood, though on cross sections of heartwood the reverse is commonly true.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Wood-fibre (633 words)

	Wood fibre - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Wood fibres are (usually) cellulosic elements that are extracted from trees, straw, bamboo, cotton seed, hemp and sugar cane to name just a few sources.
		In North America, virgin (non-recycled) wood fibre is primarily extracted from hardwood (deciduous) trees and softwood (coniferous) trees, of which there is an abundant and (if properly managed) virtually inexhaustible supply.
		These treated wood fibres (which are often combined with other additives) are then processed into a network of wood fibres, which constitutes the sheet of paper.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Wood_fibre (202 words)

	Natuurlijk Leven Producten (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As basic layer for the loam walls, we have chosen for wood fibre insulation (with an average thickness of 6 cm).
		For producing wood fibre, little energy is needed, local building materials are used, wood fibre insulation is a durable product, the environmental burden of the product is minimal and wood fibre insulation has a high insulation value.
		Besides that, the wood fibre insulation together with the loam keeps the warmth in resulting in less heating energy and the warmth doesn't leave the house so easily.
	www.natuurlijkleven.com /producten/houtvezeleng.html (239 words)

	Physical Organic Chemistry - Organic Chemistry - Department of Chemistry (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Wood fibres are made up of individual cells, each with an elaborate cell wall structure that defines the morphology of the fibre, provides its structural support, and controls the passage of water and nutrients.
		At the molecular level wood fibres consist predominantly of polysaccharides, of which cellulose is the most abundant, and they also contain lignin.
		The wood fibres in Norwegian spruce grown under birch shelterwood of varying density are being characterized by NIR spectroscopy and measurements of wood density, annual ring diameter and fibre length distribution.
	www.chem.umu.se /dep/orgchem/forskning/physorganic/wood/index.stm (854 words)

	Wood Programme (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Significantly, the fibre could be classified as "post-consumer" to meet procurement guidelines and the processed wood provided a longer, stronger fibre than the 100 percent recycled paper fibre.
		Wood, properly sorted and shredded could provide a useful bulking agent and source of carbon in the manufacture of compost.
		While wood waste is unlikely to be regarded as municipal waste, it could provide a useful means of bulking the organics waste, and help to provide a better quality compost that might find subsequent markets in landscaping and land improvement programmes.
	www.remade.org.uk /Wood/wood_programme.htm (1250 words)

	WSDOT - LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF WOOD FIBRE FILLS
		Performance of existing wood fibre fills was evaluated based on the quality of the wood fibre material, quality of the effluent, and condition of the pavement.
		A visual classification system rating the wood fibre from fresh to completely decomposed was developed and used in order to establish a criteria from which all wood fibre material could be rated.
		Over half the wood fibre samples were found to be nearly fresh or fresh and none were found to be completely decomposed.
	www.wsdot.wa.gov /Research/Reports/200/239.1.htm (338 words)

	Canfor - Wood Based Products
		Fibre refers to the wood cell, millions of which compose the trunk of a tree.
		A bonded fibre matrix is a combination of wood fibre and polymer compounds which form a high strength erosion resistant mat that is designed to stay in place on steep slopes.
		Wood flour is used as a filler with thermoplastics.
	www.canfor.com /treeschool/library/files/wood.asp (1393 words)

	The wood fibre (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Wood is a remarquable material, naturaly renewable and useful for many purposes.
		But its fibre is even more extraordinary as it contains all natural glues that are necessary, not only for the cohesion of natural wood, but also for the making of fibreboard without need of any additive.
		When wood is defibrated, the links between the fibres are broken and cannot be reformed unless three conditions are assembled.
	www.unalit.fr /english/fibre_gb.htm (206 words)

	Review of Pira non-wood fibre conference
		Developments in technology for handling non-wood fibre sources are presented, as are some of the current non-wood initiatives that were highlighted during the conference.
		Apart from highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of non wood fibres, the papers presented dealt with various non-wood species that are being used for pulp and paper manufacture, and with various technologies being developed for preparing, digesting, bleaching and treating fl liquor in non-wood pulp systems.
		Crop residue fibres such as bagasse, straw and cotton liners carry the greatest advantage in that the growing and reaping costs are carried by the primary industry.
	www.tappsa.co.za /archive/APPW2002/Title/Review_of_Pira_non-wood_fibre_/review_of_pira_non-wood_fibre_.html (2234 words)

	CRC for Hardwood Fibre and Paper Science Annual Report 1995/96
		Simultaneously, a measure of fibre orientation in the wood is calculated and may be useful as an estimate of spiral grain variation.
		Studies on wood fibre/handsheet relat-ions are a necessary complement to the work on the rapid measurement of wood fibre properties, enabling the results of these measurements to be translated into inform-ation useful to papermakers.
		The fibres are represented by elastic tubes that deform in response to external compressive forces transmitted through the structure by contact between fibres, and in response to surface tension and hydrogen bonding between fibres.
	www.wark.csiro.au /crc_hardwood/1995-96/program2.html (2146 words)

	Unasylva - No. 193 - Global fibre supply - Non-wood fibre and global fibre supply
		Many of the non-wood fibres are similar to the short fibre hardwoods, while others are so long that they must be shortened to optimize their papermaking value.
		Alternate sources of fibres, including non-wood fibres, are being used to an increasing extent by the pulp and paper industry.
		It is projected that the amount of non-wood fibres employed will increase steadily in countries that are deficient in wood, and parallel trends may also be seen in countries that are rich in forest resources as environmental and social pressures reduce the areas of forest available for wood supply.
	www.fao.org /docrep/w7990e/w7990e08.htm (2517 words)

	june00H&Gpressurized wood
		Chromated copper arsenate treated wood, known as pressurized or Wolmanized wood, is used extensively in outdoor construction: for play equipment and picnic tables, for planters and garden furniture, for fences, decks, porches and walkways, and for docks and wharves.
		The CCA wood industry, represented in Canada by the Canadian Institute for Treated Wood, claims that the process of pressure treating "fixes" or seals in the pesticides, thereby eliminating risk to humans.
		Thus far it indicates that the use of CCA treated wood should be avoided wherever possible in the playground, especially on surfaces children touch regularly.
	www.environmentalhealth.ca /june00HGpressurizedwood.html (841 words)

	Uses for Recycled Wood - Waste & Resources Action Programme
		Wood waste is cleaned and processed to remove any contaminants and to reduce particle size.
		A wood fibre surfacing made from recycled wood, suitable for use in livery yards or by individual horse owners.
		A range of wood fibre bedding made from recycled wood is available for hamsters, guinea pigs etc. Offers a low dust option for animals prone to respiratory problems.
	www.wrap.org.uk /manufacturing/info_by_material/wood/uses_for.html (330 words)

	Future Wood Fibre Processing Challenges, Issues and Opportunities
		It is a privilege to have been invited by Appita's Asia Committee to speak to this symposium on Future Wood Fibre Processing Challenges, Issues and Opportunities.
		Of course, not connected with the wood processing strategy, but also of real significance, is the success in including trade in forest products on the agenda for the Doha WTO Round negotiations.
		In many respects the challenges, issues and opportunities associated with today's fibre trail are similar to those of sixty years ago.
	www.maf.govt.nz /mafnet/profile/speech-notes/appita-conference.htm (2994 words)

	treated wood - do you know what you're using?
		Although the precautions warn that CCA-treated wood should not be used where it may come in contact with drinking water, animal feed or food, there is no warning against its use for picnic tables -- one of numerous contradictions of regulatory policy.
		They found that in areas adjacent to the wood, there was a significant reduction in species richness, total number of organisms, and diversity.
		Incineration of CCA-treated wood is unacceptable from either a human-health or an environmental standpoint, even in state-of-the-art municipal incinerators: chromium and copper become concentrated in the ash, while arsenic becomes a vapor that either escapes into the air or is trapped in pollution control equipment.
	www.environmentalhealth.ca /w99wood.html (2814 words)

	TAPPI Website - Matching Wood Fibre Characteristics to Pulp and Paper Processes and Products, 1993 Pulping Conference ...
		From May 1990 through July 1990 a taskforce team investigated the wood flow from forest to process with the objective of developing a system to allow the optimisation of the allocation, flow and quality of the annual pulp fibre supply.
		Additionally, the existence of a wood segregation system has enabled us to manage our way through a major change in our wood supply mix over the past two years.
		There are further potential gains to be realised as we fine tune and develop the fibre segregation and control system.
	www.tappi.org /s_tappi/doc_bookstore.asp?CID=5607&DID=524151 (251 words)

	Sino-Forest Secures Long-Term Wood Fibre Supply In Inner Mongolia
		Under certain circumstances where the EJV fails to comply with its obligations to deliver wood fibre in accordance with the terms set out in the Master Agreement, the forestry bureau will supply the indicated volume of wood fibre.
		The annual volume of wood fibre will be in the form of logs and sawn timber for a period of 12 years, until 2018.
		In view of the long-term nature of cooperation between the parties, the wood fibre will be sold to Sino-Forest at a fixed discount of RMB80 per cubic metre (currently equivalent to US$9.70) to the lowest price at the timber trading market under the administration of the forestry bureau.
	www.prnewswire.com /cgi-bin/stories.pl?ACCT=104&STORY=/www/story/07-31-2006/0004406488&EDATE= (888 words)

	WOOD-FREE PAPER
		Hemp produces high yields and large amounts of high-quality fibre per acre, which is why it was (and still is in some countries) grown on a large scale for rope and other fibre-uses.
		Over 95 million tonnes of reclaimed fibres are added to that in making an annual 246 million tonnes of new paper and board.
		Hemp was the traditional fibre for fabric in sails, tarpaulins, tents, parachutes, etc, although flax and cotton-derived fabrics are also considered to be 'canvases'.
	www.rainforestinfo.org.au /good_wood/wfr_papr.htm (1502 words)

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