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Topic: Wood fuel

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	South Yorkshire Wood Fuel - Why wood fuel?
		Signs and indicators of catastrophic climate change are increasingly evident and scientists are agreed that increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are a major contributing factor.
		Energy generation from wood or biomass is one of a number of alternative energy sources that can significantly reduce the amount of harmful emissions that are released into the atmosphere.
		Wood is a renewable fuel, and growing trees take up carbon dioxide as they grow, so burning wood is far more sustainable and overall contributes some 90% less CO2 emissions, than burning fossil fuels.
	www.wood-fuel.org.uk /why.htm (293 words)

	Compressed wood fuel pellet and method and machine for making same - Patent 6152973
		A compressed wood fuel pellet split out of a severed wafer section of tree branch or trunk, characterized by contiguous wood fiber which closely proximates an original cross section across the grain, and which is compressed along the grain by at least 40% to a specific gravity of at least 1.2.
		The fuel pellet of claim 2, further characterized by the pellet having a length along the grain which is in the range of 40 to 70% of the wafer thickness.
		The fuel pellet of claim 2, further characterized by a variety of the pellets of different woods being of the same length along the grain, thickness of the wafer having been varied inversely proportional to the compressibility of the wood.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6152973.html (2597 words)

	Wood Pellet Stove \| Fuel \| Installation - Wood Pellet Stoves Stockport UK
		Wood Pellet Stoves efficiently, conveniently and cheaply convert biomass in the form of Wood Pellet Fuel to heat while giving off almost no wood smoke, helping to protect the environment.
		The wood pellets are fed into the pellet stove as needed and the stove temperature is set by microprocessors controlling of the feed rate of the pellets.
		Wood Pellet Stoves UK are based in Stockport, Manchester UK.
	www.woodpelletstove.co.uk (539 words)

	Hedges
		The issues associated with SRC are different from those associated with wood fuel and the Woodland Trust is primarily concerned with the latter as SRC is in effect an agricultural crop.
		Wood is a renewable resource and using it to generate energy is a largely carbon neutral process (the only net carbon emissions being due to transportation and harvesting of the fuel).
		Biomass, including wood as a fuel, is unlikely to be a major source of energy generation in the UK, although it may be less controversial that other sources of renewable energy.
	www.woodland-trust.org.uk /campaigns/briefingsmore/renewableenergy.htm (1172 words)

	Forestry Commission - News - potential seen to develop short-rotation forestry for wood fuel
		The same amount of carbon that is released into the atmosphere when one crop is burned is reabsorbed by the plants grown for the next crop, and the carbon emitted by the machinery used to establish, grow, harvest and transport the biomass is very small.
		Wood fuel, whether grown in SRF or SRC plantations or derived from traditionally managed woodland, could be used in different ways: in heating systems, electricity-generating plants or combined heat-and-power generating systems.
		Wood fuel is particularly suited to medium-sized buildings or groups of buildings that need a constant source of heat, such as schools, office blocks, factories, care homes, farms and hotels.
	www.forestry.gov.uk /newsrele.nsf/WebPRByCountryLang/E09728F06ED2D7CE8025710000537C7D (1106 words)

	Wood Biomass
		Usually, wood ash is less than 1% of the weight of the wood, and sometimes ash may be used as a fertilizer.
		At other times, mostly dependent on location of the wood power facility, the cost of wood fuel can be quite high because large volumes of fuel are needed to have a dependable and consistent supply of wood fuel (1,360 green kg (1.5 tons) per hour per megawatt of power generated)).
		For residential use of wood for fuel, common types of furnaces use split lengths of firewood to heat air in a plenum.
	forestry.nacdnet.org /biomass/WoodBiomass.htm (6606 words)

	Wood Pellet Fuel from SBC Firemaster
		Firemaster pellet fuel, burned in specifically designed pellet stoves, pellet fireplace inserts, pellet furnaces and pellet boilers, is the most economical and environmentally friendly solution to residential and commercial heating requirements.
		Burning wood pellets in a pellet appliance in fact; completes the life cycle of the tree as nature intended, returning carbon (dioxide) to the environment, sustaining new growth, while providing vital oxygen for the animals of the earth.
		When you heat with a Firemaster wood or pellet appliance, part of the carbon cycle is brought into your home as the wood releases the solar energy stored by the tree as it grew.
	www.sbcfiremaster.com /pelletfuelproducts/pellet_fuel.html (522 words)

	European wood-fuel catalogue
		By a systematic salvage of forestry by-products, industrial wood-waste and scrap wood, this contribution could probably be doubled in the next 10 to 15 years.
		Wood fuel, a local and diffuse renewable resource, which, unlike conventional energy, is not distributed by large industrial groups, is implemented by a tissue of various modestly-sized companies or organisations : constructors, planning offices, promoting societies …, although some companies of an international dimension are henceforth showing an interest.
		The object of the present catalogue is to register professionals with a significant activity in the wood fuel domain.
	www.biomasse-normandie.org /wood_fuel_opeur.php3 (239 words)

	icWales - Wood fuel brings trees back into bloom
		WOOD is a renewable and sustainable source of energy, which unlike oil or coal can be replenished through new growth and planting.
		At present very little of this wood is used for energy and there is huge potential for greater use of wood fuel.
		The wood generated from Ysbyty is chipped to provide fuel for a wood chip boiler which heats the Trust's offices and estate buildings.
	icwales.icnetwork.co.uk /farming/countryside/tm_headline=carbon-benefit-of-wood--fuel-brings-trees-back-into-bloom&method=full&objectid=18128528&siteid=50082-name_page.html (623 words)

	coal, smokeless, solid fuel
		Wood pellet stoves are not yet exempted, but this situation is expected to change in the future.
		Wood fuel has typically less than half the calorific value of coal and smokeless fuel, so you must be prepared to use a greater volume of wood to heat your home or room unless you use both wood and mineral solid fuel.
		The fuel is used in screw-fed boilers that have the capacity to fuel local micro-chip systems and larger buildings such as leisure centers, where commercial sized boilers are needed.
	www.solidfuel.co.uk /main_pages/wood.htm (1960 words)

	The use of wood fuel for energy generation - an opportunity or just hot air?
		To supply this proposed mill, 50 000 tonnes of wood fuel per annum was being sought.
		This pre-investment feasibility study, which was partly funded by the Rural Development Commission, was used as a case study to illustrate the economic and environmental viability of wood fuels.
		The resources considered in the analysis were those wood fuels that are readily available as a result of existing forestry and timber operations, as well as "purpose grown" energy crops thought to have the best potential to become significant sources of energy in the future.
	www.rics.org /Environmentalandlandconsultancy/Energy/Renewableenergy/use_of_wood_fuel_for_energy_generation_19990101.html (586 words)

	G5450 Wood Fuel for Heating, MU Extension (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		Wood, however, does have disadvantages for industrial or home heating that have contributed to a decline in its use.
		The advantages of drying wood to at least a 20-percent moisture level are indicated by Table 1.
		When wood is harvested and seasoned properly and burned in an efficient and safe heating unit, it is a safe, efficient, economical and desirable fuel from a renewable resource.
	muextension.missouri.edu /explore/agguides/forestry/g05450.htm (2255 words)

	Wood Pellet Fuel Challenges, Outlook, Pellet Fuel - The Future of the Heating Industry
		Cordwood, wood pellets, wood chips, waste paper, along with dozens of other agricultural by-products capable of being used for energy, are all examples of biomass fuel.
		Though pellet fuel installations have a repuation in some circles as 'alternative' choices, their functional components are virtually identical to those of the more conventional oil, coal or gas systems.
		Solid fuel systems such as those burning coal or wood chips are more easily retrofitted to burn pellets through simple feed and air supply adjustments.
	www.dansons.com /dansons-challenges.htm (1218 words)

	Wood Fuel Pellet Technologies—Appendix E: Agricultural and Forest Waste Study
		The process to produce wood fuel pellets involves a raw material of random particle size such a sawdust or other wood waste with a nonuniform water content is carried by a conveyor to a hammermill.
		At the hammermill, particle size is adjusted to a uniform maximum dimension, which is approximately 85 percent or less of the minimum thickness of the pellet to be produced.
		A small amount of a polystyrene additive, estimated at approximately 1 percent by volume, is used to facilitate the formation of dust-free pellets, lubricate the dies in the pellet machine, increase the calorific value and accelerate the burning rate.
	www.ciwmb.ca.gov /Organics/Conversion/AgForestRpt/appendices/appendixe.htm (394 words)

	Exmoor National Park - wood fuel
		Wood pellet burners are very efficient, although they need electricity to power a fan and auger that controls the rate of burning and delivery of the fuel.
		The efficiency is partly due to the dryness of the fuel and drying and compressing the fuel also requires energy, although much is saved because it is then lighter and smaller to transport.
		Grant aid for South West Wood Fuels to research and write factsheets on affordable log and woodchip boilers, aimed at the communities across Exmoor which are not connected to a mains gas supply.
	www.exmoor-nationalpark.gov.uk /wood_fuel (859 words)

	EERE Consumer's Guide: Wood and Pellet Heating
		As fossil fuel use rose, the percentage of Americans using wood for fuel dropped, falling as low as one percent by 1970.
		Because most of the heat from the fuel is transferred to the masonry and slowly released into the room over the day, this type of heater does not need to be loaded with fuel as often as other types of wood heating appliances.
		Properly seasoned wood is harvested in the spring and allowed to dry throughout the summer.
	www.eere.energy.gov /consumer/your_home/space_heating_cooling/index.cfm/mytopic=12570 (3565 words)

	Wood Energy Scotland, small medium commercial wood fuel users (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-24)
		Fuel specification: when using wood chips, the greatest environmental and cost benefits come from burning locally sourced woodchips.
		Pellets are a much more standardised form of fuel and delivery distances can be greater as it is a less bulky form of wood fuel than wood chips.
		Alternatively, the supplier may deliver wood fuel in bulk bags, which are lifted and emptied into the hopper by crane or tractor, but this is more time-consuming and costly.
	www.usewoodfuel.co.uk /smallmedium.stm (499 words)

	Marth Wood Shavings
		In fact, Marth Wood Fuel Pellets are made from sawdust, a byproduct generated at northern Wisconsin sawmills.
		Marth Wood Fuel Pellets are tested monthly at an independent lab to ensure that they meet the highest premium grade standards.
		As a member of the Pellet Fuels Institute, Marth Wood Fuel Pellet technicians are current with the latest technology to provide our customers with the best in a safe, energy efficient source of heat.
	www.marthwood.com /fuel.htm (293 words)

	The Log Pile Website - Wood Fuel - Buying Wood
		It is better to buy wood by volume than by weight because between 35% and 60% of the weight of freshly felled wood comes from water.
		Wood felled during one winter should be seasoned until the next and preferably a second winter before it is burned.
		In terms of what type of wood to burn it is worth bearing in mind the heavier and therefore denser the wood, the higher its calorific value and therefore the longer it will burn.
	www.nef.org.uk /logpile/woodfuel/buyingwood.htm (451 words)

	Central Boiler - Outdoor Wood Furnaces
		The Central Boiler Classic can be purchased with the Dual Fuel Ready option which allows the furnace to be fitted with a Fuel Oil, Natural Gas, or Propane burner.
		The Liquid Propane, Natural Gas, and Fuel Oil burners are shipped with a 150,000 BTU rating and may be increased for certain applications.
		Fuel oil must be at proper viscosity to operate correctly.
	www.centralboiler.com /dualfuel.html (460 words)

	Beacon Stoves - using wood as fuel
		Wood has always been the traditional fuel in Britain, being replaced by coal, gas, electricity and oil over the last 300 years.
		Wood is a major source of renewable heat energy, and burnt efficiently, it produces virtually no smoke and no acid rain.
		Lower wood values apply to unseasoned or partly seasoned wood and to wood which has to be collected or sawn up or split.
	www.beacon-stoves.co.uk /wood/wood-as-fuel.shtml (1331 words)

	John O'Groat Journal and Caithness Courier: Wood fuel a glowing success for Lyth business
		He said that presently wood fuel is the only environmentally-friendly alternative to burning fossil fuels and explained that when burning wood, carbon dioxide emissions produced are equal to those taken in by the trees whilst growing, thus making the fuel carbon neutral.
		The ash produced when burning wood can also be used as a fertiliser and presents none of the economic and environmental costs of conventional alternatives.
		He said: "To us, wood fuel seems to represent a positive situation all the way – employment in collecting and processing the fuel, a more stable price and, of course, the reduction in carbon dioxide emissions."
	www.johnogroat-journal.co.uk /news/fullstory.php/aid/1026/Wood_fuel_a_glowing_success_for_Lyth_business.html (474 words)

	Burning Wood Better
		Fifty percent of wood's heat value is contained in these gases and, if not completely burned, they contribute to air pollution.
		The gases are released from the wood at relatively low temperatures but will not burn until they reach much higher temperatures and are mixed with a proper amount of air.
		Stack the wood so that the logs are close enough (1 to 2 inches) to keep each other hot, yet far enough apart to allow the free flow of air between them.
	hearth.com /what/burningwoodbetter.html (1403 words)

	Firewood
		Ultimately, it is more important to have wood that is cut and split to the right size and properly dried than it is to get the hardest wood available.
		No problem, just use softer woods like birch or poplar (aspen) or any other tree that is readily available.
		Wood sheds, wood boxes and managing the mess, an article about how to handle the wood in the fall after it has dried for the summer.
	www.woodheat.org /firewood/firewood.htm (420 words)

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