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Topic: Woodhead Tunnel

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	Longdendale
		The first railway line between Manchester and Sheffield was constructed between 1839 and 1845 on the south side of the reservoir chain by 1,500 navvies of whom many died and most suffered illness.
		The three mile long double Woodhead Tunnel[?] was, for a time, the longest tunnel in the country.
		It was replaced by a single, larger tunnel in 1954.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/lo/Longdendale.html (237 words)

	Woodhead Tunnel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The western portals are at Woodhead in Derbyshire and the eastern portals are at Dunford Bridge, near Penistone, South Yorkshire.
		The earlier twin tunnels (Woodhead 1 and 2) were completed by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway in the mid-19th century, with significant loss of life.
		The Woodhead line has, unusually for an electric route, managed to achieve a cult status with collectors of railway memorabilia (perhaps because of a feeling that the closure of a modern electric railway was a mistake, given that the alternative routes were (are) not electrified).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Woodhead_Tunnel (516 words)

	List of rathole tunnels - tScholars.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The 10 tunnels at Lithgow that replaced the Lithgow Zig Zag where sometimes considered to be rathole tunnels, but the gradients were fairly gentle at 1 in 90 (1.11%), the tunnels were double track, and the gaps between the tunnels allowed for some intermediate ventilation.
		Woodhead Tunnel Woodhead 1 and 2 (dating from 1845); but Woodhead 3, opened in 1950s was wide-bore twin tracked electrified.
		Depending on the ruling gradient on the rest of the line, the ideal gradient in the tunnel is somewhere between 1 in 62 and level.
	www.tscholars.com /encyclopedia/List_of_rathole_tunnels (585 words)

	Encyclopedia: Woodhead Tunnel
		Woodhead Tunnel comprises three trans-Pennine railway tunnels, all now disused, which formerly carried a major rail link from (A city in northwestern England (30 miles east of Liverpool); heart of the most densely populated area of England) Manchester to (A steel manufacturing city in northern England famous for its cutlery industry) Sheffield.
		The earlier twin tunnels (Woodhead 1 & 2) were completed in the mid- (additional info and facts about 19th century) 19th century, with significant loss of life.
		At the time of its completion in 1845, Woodhead 1 was one of the world's longest railway tunnels (3 miles 13 yards (4840m)); it was the first of several trans-Pennine tunnels ((additional info and facts about Standedge) Standedge, (additional info and facts about Totley) Totley), which only slightly exceed it in length.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Woodhead-Tunnel (1201 words)

	Cowburn Tunnel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cowburn Tunnel is at the Western end of the Vale of Edale in the Derbyshire Peak District.
		Although the workings were much drier than they had been for Totley Tunnel, on one occasion the headings filled with water to a depth of ninety feet (30m) and work was carried on in a diving bell.
		In the 1970s this railroute was controversially given precedence over the more modern Woodhead route (which had then only recently been re-engineered and electrified), as the preferred passenger route between Manchester and Sheffield.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cowburn_Tunnel (256 words)

	Encyclopedia: Woodhead
		It lies on the River Etherow and the Trans Pennine Trail and is the location of the western portals of the Woodhead Tunnels, former railway tunnels.
		Woodhead is particularly associated with support for "traditional teaching methods" and for taking a scornful view of "progressive educational theories" introduced into English schools from the 1960s onwards.
		Woodhead and Amanda Johnston, the pupil concerned, insisted that although they had met while he was her teacher, the relationship (which lasted for nine years) had only developed several years after they had both left the school.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Woodhead (437 words)

	List of tunnels in the United Kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Tunnels in the United Kingdom is a link page for any road, railway, waterway or other form of tunnel, anywhere in the United Kingdom.
		Saltash Tunnel connecting the Tamar Bridge and the A38.
		The London Underground includes 171 km of tunnels, with some Northern Line trains running continuously in tunnel for 27.8 km between Morden and East Finchley via Bank.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_tunnels_in_the_United_Kingdom (334 words)

	Translink UK :: Transport Solution
		The Woodhead rail link was once part of the Great Central Railway line, a major commercial conduit carrying freight and passengers between the large industrial hubs of the North and South of England.
		Most of the ‘Woodhead' Route was built to the Bern gauge and therefore, with the type of rolling stock already available on the market, construction and commissioning of the line could be completed within a two year time frame.
		The 3-mile long tunnel at the Woodhead summit, together with the various bridges and viaducts along the route are in excellent condition and whilst some realignment will be required, few challenges lie ahead.
	www.translinkuk.com /solution.htm (372 words)

	Canal and railroad tunnels (from tunnels and underground excavations) -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The ...
		The first of many major canal tunnels was the Canal du Midi (also known as Languedoc) tunnel in France, built in 1666–81 by Pierre Riquet as part of the first canal linking the Atlantic and the Mediterranean.
		A notable canal tunnel in England was the Bridgewater Canal Tunnel, built in 1761 by James Brindley to carry coal to Manchester from the Worsley mine.
		Despite frustrations, the Hoosac Tunnel contributed notable advances in tunneling, including one of the first uses of dynamite, the first use of electric firing of explosives, and the introduction of power drills, initially steam and later air, from which there ultimately developed a compressed-air industry.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-72436 (1573 words)

	MossValley: First Railway between Manchester and Sheffield
		The Woodhead tunnel was built on an inclination of 1 in 201 rising in an easterly direction.
		The Woodhead tunnel was undoubtedly one of the engineering achievements of its time, and when it was completed, at a cost in the region of £200,000, it was not surprising that the Sheffield Iris waxed lyrical.
		Communication through the Woodhead tunnels was improved in 1889 by the installation of electric bell signalling.[*] Each one of the 25 manholes was provided with two electric plungers, one for the up road and the other for the down, together with a single stroke bell answering for both lines.
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~mossvalley/mv2/sheffield-railway.html (8423 words)

	Tintwistle - history
		Woodhead reservoir was the first to be contructed and work began in August 1848.
		The tunnel was over three miles long and at that time would be the longest tunnel on the British railway system.
		It wasn't until after the tunnel had been built that the true conditions the labourers were forced to work in came to light.
	www.longdendale.com /history_tintwistle.html (391 words)

	Woodhead Route - UK Railways
		The Woodhead Route was a railway route from Manchester to Sheffield.
		The earlier twin tunnels (Woodhead 1 and 2) were completed by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway in the mid-19th century, with significant loss of life.
		The Woodhead line has, unusually for an electric route, managed to achieve a cult status with collectors of railway memorabilia (perhaps because of a feeling that the closure of a modern electric railway was a mistake, given that the alternative routes were (are) not electrified).
	ukrailways.wikia.com /wiki/Woodhead_Route (593 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Woodhead Tunnel
		The Woodhead Tunnels are three trans-Pennine railway tunnels, all now disused, which formerly carried a major rail link (usually known as the Woodhead Route) from Manchester to Sheffield.
		The earlier twin tunnels (Woodhead 1 & 2) were completed by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway in the mid-19th century, with significant loss of life.
		They were replaced by Woodhead 3, a new double-track tunnel designed by Sir William Halcrow & Partners, in 1954.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Woodhead_Tunnel (441 words)

	The Peak District National Park - Fact Zone 21. Longdendale in the National Park
		The building of the 3-mile long Woodhead Tunnel to carry the line (the first opened in 1845 and a second in 1852) caused much misery and loss of life among the 1,500 ‘navvies’ (workers hired to build the tunnels).
		Before the cable could be laid, nine inches of soot had to be removed from the walls of the tunnel, the tunnel had to be reinforced, the brickwork repointed and air shafts blocked.
		Construction started on Woodhead dam in 1848 but instability in the underlying rock caused the embankment to leak badly and it had to be abandoned.
	www.peakdistrict-education.gov.uk /Fact%20Sheets/fz21lgd1.htm (993 words)

	Tunnel Visions
		The major engineering project on the line was bypassing the notorious Woodhead Tunnels whose elegant castellated portals were each the entrance to a choking hell-hole for engine crews.
		Costing £4.25 million, the new tunnel proved to be one of the most monumental railway works undertaken this century and it took six years and as many lives to carve it through the unyielding Pennine rocks.
		Now the original Woodhead Tunnels - which lasted a century - have been joined by the new tunnel- which was in operation for less than a third of that time - to lie abandoned and derelict with only the ghost trains passing through.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /ms.draper/FNRM_SoE/Products/TurnerTexts/G.html (534 words)

	Peak District National Park: Study Area
		The building of the 3-mile long Woodhead Tunnel to carry the line (the first opened in 1845 and a second in 1852) caused much misery and loss of life among the 1,500 'navvies' (workers hired to build the tunnels).
		Before the cable could be laid, nine inches of soot had to be removed from the walls of the tunnel, the tunnel had to be reinforced, the brickwork repointed and air shafts blocked.
		Construction started on Woodhead dam in 1848 but instability in the underlying rock caused the embankment to leak badly and it had to be abandoned.
	www.peakdistrict-nationalpark.info /studyArea/factsheets/21.html (2105 words)

	About the Woodhead place and name
		The tunnel was closed in the 1980s and now has utilities running through it (electric, gas, etc.) The highway that goes by the town and starts up into the Yorkshire Dales right after passing the tunnel entrance is A628 and it winds its way up through the hills and over Woodhead Pass.
		There is another town of Woodhead, this one in Scotland- in the far northeast of the country.
		It could be that the Woodhead in Yorkshire is also named after a person, rather than vice versa, but my finding Woodbottoms in the area census makes me confident that the origin of Woodhead of Yorkshire is a geographical feature.
	www.woodhead.org /geography.htm (471 words)

	THE HOOSAC TUNNEL.—Scribner's—December, 1870
		Most of the tunnels heretofore built are upon an ascending grade; and it is necessary that there should be some descent in order that the water, which is usually met with in large quantities, may be carried off.
		For about seven hundred feet at this end the tunnel is, therefore, a complete tube of brick, seven courses in thickness; beyond that point, for fourteen hundred feet, the rock, though soft enough to require arching, is firm enough to sustain the walls of the arch, so that an invert is not needed.
		The western portal of the tunnel is therefore, at present, at the bottom of a deep hole in the ground.
	www.catskillarchive.com /rrextra/htstory1.Html (8847 words)

	New plans to re-open the Woodhead Rail Tunnels to re-link Sheffield with Manchester - SkyscraperCity
		THE Woodhead rail tunnel between Sheffield and Manchester could be reopened to passengers and freight under plans submitted to the Department of Transport.
		I really hope Translink's bid to re-open the tunnel is apporved by the Department of Transport and Network Rail considering it will remove 90% of HGV from the Woodhead and Snake Pass, but I'm not holding my breath.
		Woodhead fitted the bill, the electrification equipment was non-standard and life expired, coupled with falling freight revenue.
	www.skyscrapercity.com /showthread.php?t=322315 (1345 words)

	Castellated portal of the old Woodhead Tunnel after closure. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		L2538 A fine study of the castellated western portal of the original Woodhead Tunnel, built for the Sheffield, Ashton-under-Lyne and Manchester Railway in 1846.
		The tunnel was only a narrow single bore and, as traffic increased, a second tunnel was built alongside in 1852.
		With the electrification of the line, a third larger tunnel was built in 1954 to replace the original two as they were deemed to small to take the overhead electric wires.
	www.railwayarchive.org.uk /Lpages/html/L2538.html (225 words)

	Longdendale - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The view westward down Longdendale from above the Woodhead Tunnel, showing the Longdendale Trail (left) and A628 Woodhead Pass road.
		An estate survey, or 'Extent' of the lordship for 1360 was published by the Record Society of Lancashire and Cheshire in July 2005.
		The first tunnel was subsequently used by CEGB to reroute the main high-voltage link up the valley and through the National Park underground.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Longdendale (502 words)

	The SABRE Roads Website
		The 1950s double track tunnel was built for the electrification project as the clearances in the two Victorian single-bore tunnels (one of which is visible in your photograph) were not sufficient for the electric cables.
		The Woodhead "New" Tunnel was built when the whole route between Manchester, Sheffield and Wath (known as MSW Electrified Lines) was upgraded.
		When Woodhead closed, one particular train had to be sent on an 115 mile diversion because of clearance problems in rerouting it.
	groups.msn.com /TheSABRERoadsWebsite/roadsnews.msnw?action=get_message&mview=0&ID_Message=23221&LastModified=4675466707304560330&all_topics=1 (2405 words)

	The History of the Route (1830-1907)
		The tunnel was completed on 22nd December 1845 and the Sheffield, Ashton and Manchester Railway (SAandMR) commenced operations.
		Very shortly afterwards it was realised that the single track tunnel was creating a bottleneck, so in February 1847 the contract was awarded for the construction of a second tunnel to run parallel to the original one.
		The new line required the construction of two tunnels, one 74 yards long and the other 289 yards, which were known as Silkstone tunnels.
	www.thewoodheadsite.org.uk /History/History1.htm (897 words)

	Journal 125
		It's a little known fact that it is still technically possible to travel between Woodhead and Dunford Bridge by rail through one of the 'old' tunnels.
		The north bore is owned by National Grid and carries two 400 kV cable circuits put there in the nineteen sixties to avoid the pylons marching across the moor.
		Although it is mostly in the tunnel there is a small yard at Dunford Bridge.
	www.whr.co.uk /journal/125/woodhead.html (175 words)

	Subterranea Britannica: SB-Sites:Woodhead Station
		When electrification of the line was planned the twin-bore Woodhead Tunnels were to narrow and low to allow for the overhead electric cables.
		Rather than enlarge these tunnels, it was decided to create a new tunnel, immediately to the south of the old ones; this was opened in 1953.
		The new tunnel also involved the realignment of the line through Woodhead station and the station was resited a few yards to the south with a pair of staggered platforms.
	www.subbrit.org.uk /sb-sites/stations/w/woodhead/index.shtml (253 words)

	History of the Great Central Railway (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Though it was the most direct route from the cotton mills of the North West to the coalfields and steel industries in the Industrial Midlands, it was a hard climb over the Pennines, and one that was famous for the harsh weather conditions that would quickly envelop the route.
		At the peak of the climb, under Woodhead itself were the twin single-track bores of the Woodhead tunnels.
		The long, cold journey through these tunnels were hated by steam crews as the smoke and fumes from the locomotives exhausts never cleared and made the atmosphere acrid and suffocating.
	www.gcrailway.co.uk /more/woodhist.htm (572 words)

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