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Topic: Words hardest to translate

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Translation

Ilunga

Gobbledygook

Fan translation

Saudade

Plenipotentiary

Cant (language)

Differences between Brazilian and European Portuguese varieties

Portugese language

Classical Arabic

Portuguese language

Walloon language

Dutch language

Romance languages

French language

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Untranslatability
		Calque is a translation procedure whereby a translator translates an expression (or, occasionally, a word) literally into the target language, translating the elements of the expression word for word.
		Hence, to translate a text from one of these languages to English, the translator may have to compensate by using a first name or nickname, or by using syntactic phrasing that are viewed as informal in English (I'm, you're, gonna, dontcha, etc.), or by using English words of the formal and informal registers.
		The word chosen is Ilunga, a word supposedly from a language in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Words_hardest_to_translate (3281 words)

	"Strange Familiarity"
		In Rutt's translation, the snow or its absence, occupies the foreground while the lowering of clouds serves as a backdrop.
		So these words have themselves, as words, taken on the shape and properties of the things they refer to out in the worlds around the 40th parallel around this time of year.
		Kerouac typed his words on great rolls of butcher paper so that he wouldn't have to stop talking, not even for as long as it took to change the paper in the typewriter.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~scolas/Words/Essays/strange_familiarity.htm (7300 words)

	Dutch language - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		It was only in the early 1600s, with growing cultural contacts and the rise of an independent country, that the modern meaning arose, i.e., 'designating the people of the Netherlands or their language'.
		For example, words in -old or -olt lost the l in favor of a diphthong.
		The "ui" sound in such words as "huis" (house) and "muis" (mouse) and the "ij" sound in words like "fijn" (fine) or "wijn" (wine) present difficulties and even though these words are superficially like their English equivalents the correct sound is very different.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/d/u/t/Dutch_language.html (4255 words)

	Ploughshares, the literary journal
		It's impossible to translate anything from one language into another without thinking of the natures, and/or structures, of these languages, the differences in their traditions, for example, and in their syntactic approach to expressiveness.
		English words remind us of the presence of Celts, Scots, Romans and Danes, but their two dominant strains derive from the 5th century invasions of the Angles and Saxons, two Germanic tribes, and the conquest by the French-speaking Normans in the 11th century.
		Word(s) is Germanic, but vocabulary is Latinate, and wordiness a mix of a Germanic root word with a Latinate suffix.
	www.pshares.org /issues/article.cfm?prmArticleID=720 (3076 words)

	In other words - BCM - Spring 2002
		Sharing translations enables each student to see how many of her own choices were also those of her classmates.
		Through various other assignments--for instance, the 25-minute presentations in which each student critiques an existing translation of a poem or short text of her choosing and submits an alternative--Shrayer hones his students' appreciation of the nuances of translation.
		On this semester's midterm, students translated from the Polish of Krasinski, the Russian of Akhmatova, the Latin of Horace, and the French of Rimbaud.
	bcm.bc.edu /issues/spring_2002/ll_classnotes.html (1272 words)

	Translation Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The word chosen is Ilunga, a word supposedly from a language in the Democratic
		translation, with particular emphasis on the translation of poetry.
		The study of proper principle of translation is termed as translation theory.
	www.viettranslate.com /articles/article69.html (4111 words)

	The Power of Words (by Stephen D. Glass) is part of the Collective Wisdom collection of sayings and quotes at Together ...
		Kind words can be short and easy to speak, but their echoes are truly endless.
		Words are the most powerful weapons in the world.
		Words of the heart are often mightier than words of the mind.
	www.togetherweteach.com /MoreSayings/power_of_words.htm (1060 words)

	2000 Charles River Review: Finding the Words
		My mother is a woman of words, from a cheerleader and class president to an outspoken union representative; she never seemed to me afraid to use her voice to raise hell.
		She tells me that the words were always in her head, but they wouldn't come out of her mouth.
		The vastness is inside the words I put on this white sheet of paper in front of me. I can't remember the last time I saw the horizon.
	www.dce.harvard.edu /pubs/charles/2000/abarnes.html (1709 words)

	Texas Young Lawyers Association \| Judicial Directory
		In an adoption hearing you have someone that is willing and eager to accept the tremendous responsibility of being a parent and to make that possible for someone is very rewarding.
		Prior to taking the bench, you had a very successful civil practice and were highly regarded as one of the top mediators in the area.
		However, one of the most important factors of a great lawyer is to be humble and understand that his/her responsibility is to do what’s best for the client and not what is best for him/her.
	www.tyla.org /words/judge_words.html (1385 words)

	Word Problems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Translate a word problem to an algebraic expression:
		Certain words usually translate to a certain operation.
		The following table can be of help when translating a problem to an algebraic expression.
	faculty.stcc.edu /zee/word.htm (107 words)

	Language pros find world's most untranslatable word (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But the most untranslatable word in any language, reckon the translators, is ilunga, a word in the Bantu language of Tshiluba for a person who is ready to forgive any abuse for the first time; to tolerate it a second time; but never a third time.
		The survey was conducted by Today Translations, a London-based translation and interpreting agency, which asked a thousand of its linguists across the world to nominate the words that they found hardest to translate.
		After asking a thousand of this network to nominate words that were problematic to translate, it then asked 50 of them to vote for just one of the top contenders.
	www.freenewmexican.com /news/1275.html (829 words)

	Dutch Information Center - von dutch
		A word like hus with /u/ (English "house") first changed to huus with /y/, then finally to huis with dutch a diphthong that resembles the one in French l'oeil.
		Sometimes hottentottensoldatententententoonstellingsterreinen (hottentot soldiers tents exhibition terrains) is jocularly quoted as the longest Dutch word (note the four times consecutive royal dutch shell ten), but outside this usage it actually never occurs.
		This happens both to vowels and consonants, beautiful dutch girls but is mainly a spelling pennsylvania dutch device to distinguish the many more vowel sounds in the Dutch language, than there are vowel letters in the Latin alphabet.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Official_Languages_D_-_G/Dutch.html (4344 words)

	wordsasweapons.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		I somehow expected that if I just screamed out the words, that my voice would sound “tough” and “intense” and all the things we are supposed to have our voices sound like when we sing in a hardcore band.
		They are relaxed and centered, even when filling a huge theater with angry or passionate words (just like we do!) and this relaxation and centering is one of the keys to their success at making great sound without blowing their voices out.
		There is a concept called “the open throat” which means that the tongue lies flat, the body is upright, and the throat is wide open for air to pass through in a controlled manner.
	www.wordsasweapons.com /punkscreaming.htm (5789 words)

	"translate" Topic Cloud \| Language Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The impact of language translation can be seen in past history as well as today.
		To translate a unit of measurement, all you need is a dictionary.
		Despite their apparent simplicity, a language’s most common words may be the hardest to translate.
	blog.languagetranslation.com /topics/translate (919 words)

	What's the latest at Lingo24?
		However, the problem is no stranger to translation professionals; indeed an article in the September edition of Writers' News refers to a survey conducted amongst translators into this very issue.
		The results revealed that currently three of the hardest words to translate from English are spam, googly and gobbledegook.
		This word apparently describes a person who "is ready to forgive any abuse for the first time; to tolerate it for the second time; but never a third time." Suddenly Kurdish "Toad in the Hole" appears marginally less tricky...
	www.lingo24.com /news/Whats_the_latest_at_Lingo--3.html (779 words)

	Transblawg: Legal terms hard to translate/Schwer zu übersetzende Rechtsbegriffe
		An agency specialising in work for the legal sector, Today Translations, has surveyed 1,000 of its linguists, asking them which words were hardest to translate.
		Other words in the Top Ten were chambers, probation officer, trustee, common law, barrister, Michaelmas Term and Court of Appeal.
		Chambers is a problem because there are judge's chambers and barristers' chambers, and the latter can be used to refer both to a building and to the group of barristers who have their offices there (I'm sure AMM will wish to opine on this).
	www.margaret-marks.com /Transblawg/archives/000834.html (610 words)

	Dutch language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		A word like hus with (English "house") first changed to huus with, then finally to huis with a diphthong that resembles the one in French l'oeil.
		Dutch, like German and Norwegian, is also known for its ability to glue words together to form very long words.
		In fact, when a speaker uses too many words or expressions of English origin, he is said to be suffering from the English disease (''Engelse ziekte'').
	dutch-language.iqnaut.net (3035 words)

	E-sangha, Buddhist Forum and Buddhism Forum -> Becoming Unintellectually Buddhist
		The first covers the side of doctrine, and the primary response it elicits is understanding; the second covers the side of discipline, in the broadest sense of that word, and the primary response it calls for is practice.
		The path translates the Dhamma from a collection of abstract formulas into a continually unfolding disclosure of truth.
		Dharma is one of the hardest words to translate, but many scholars have either wisely left it untranslated or translated it as "Law".
	www.lioncity.net /buddhism/index.php?showtopic=4222 (3559 words)

	Write On Reader - Languages
		Our language is called American English, and it's one of the hardest languages to learn.
		ASL uses special symbols that represent each letter of the alphabet, and other symbols and motions that represent whole words and phrases.
		We couldn't translate our site into all the different languages, but we thought it would be fun to see what "Write On Reader" looked like in some of the other languages.
	library.thinkquest.org /J001156/writing/language.htm (140 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Its rank in English, based on over 700,000 words used in the English language (some parts-of-speech are not covered due to the samples used by the British National Corpus), is 71 196.
		This word has been voted as one of the ten English words that were hardest to translate in June 2004 by a British translation company.
		Tshiluba, which is said to mean "a person who is ready to forgive any abuse for the first time, to tolerate it a second time, but never a third time".
	www.math.buffalo.edu /~dcheptea/else/serendipity.html (240 words)

	Speak Stiltedly and Wear a Yellow Shirt » Blog Archive » Untranslatable (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		While I was away, Today’s Translations cited this BBC article about the world’s most untranslatable words.
		I should note that translation of saudade(s) is complicated by the difference in usage between the singular and plural, as explained here (in Portuguese).
		This entry was posted on Monday, August 16th, 2004 at 11:55 pm and is filed under Miscellany.
	www.ficml.org /jemimap/wordpress/2004/08/16/untranslatable (210 words)

	Words, UnLtd
		We must spread the word at public gatherings, whether governmental, like a town meeting, or vernacular events like county fairs, where people outside the usual orbit can be found—not just the choir, but all those who helped unseat Republicans in the last election—new, potential allies we so far don’t know well enough.
		Paine’s words must invigorate us at the grass roots, because there is the solution, said Chuck.
		It was a superb weekend for the Coalition for Peace Action and in particular for executive director Rev. Bob Moore, who has served the rapidly expanding group for twenty-five years and was honored yesterday by a full house of 120 grateful peace people.
	www.wordsunltd.com (15604 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Africa \| Congo word 'most untranslatable'
		The world's most difficult word to translate has been identified as "ilunga" from the Tshiluba language spoken in south-eastern DR Congo.
		It seems straightforward enough, but the 1,000 language experts identified it as the hardest word to translate.
		Although the definitions seem fairly precise, the problem is trying to convey the local references associated with such words, says Jurga Zilinskiene, head of Today Translations, which carried out the survey.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/africa/3830521.stm (252 words)

	all aigu accent words information -- all aigu accent words (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Examples of Germanic words in Swedish are mus (mouse...
		For example, all of these words end in a vowel...
		vocabulary (as opposed to loan words) is of common West Germanic...
	www.mittwords.info /allaiguaccentwords (797 words)

	Translating Word Problems: Keywords
		The hardest thing about doing word problems is taking the English problem and translating it into math.
		The first step to effectively working word problems is to read the problem entirely.
		The third step is to look for "key" words.
	www.purplemath.com /modules/translat.htm (406 words)

	translate - OneLook Dictionary Search
		TRANSLATE : Glossary of Biblical English of the Authorised Version of the HOLY BIBLE [home, info]
		Phrases that include translate: google translate, translate slowly, words hardest to translate
		Words similar to translate: interpret, read, transform, translatability, translatable, translated, translating, translator, understand, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=translate (364 words)

	Riddle25
		Similarly Grendel in Beowulf is often named by un- words.
		nah his modes geweald, "he does not have power (control) of his mind." OE "mod" is notoriously difficult to translate.
		dole æfter dyntum "foolish [men] after (through, during, in consequence of) blows (bruises)." My experience of translating several languages has led me to believe that the hardest words to translate are the prepositions like "æfter" because they are so idiomatic.
	www.swarthmore.edu /Humanities/english/oldenglish/25.html (818 words)

	Wordsearch 1.1 Reviewed by WorldSSP.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Generate a random wordsearch using the words you specify or a pre-defined Word List.
		Specify the dimensions and a difficulty level - at the easiest level all words read horizontally or vertically and are not reversed, at the hardest level, incomplete parts of words are hidden and words are often reversed or diagonal!
		Word Construction Set 1.3 - A Phonics Tutor where students hear, see, construct, create and work with over 7000 phonic parts to assemble the Seven Buildings of the Word World: consonants, vowels, endings, homophones, roots, prefixes, and compounds.(Word Construction Set in ASP)
	www.worldssp.net /DetailView.asp?proid=2379 (474 words)

	the Literary Saloon at the complete review - 11 - 20 May 2005 Archive
		On the other hand: it does mean that they've had to wait until now for a translation of a fairly well-known piece of world literature.
		Quoting Robert Frost, Gruenbein said that "the first thing that is lost in the translation of poetry is poetry itself." He was quick to add that "the whimsicality that many people see in Ashes for Breakfast comes directly from the translator."
		A lot gets lost in translation from the Sanskrit -- the compounds (Sanskrit allows the stringing together of what sometimes seems like an endless number of words to create a new or more specific idea, image, etc.), especially -- and it's nice to be able to refer to the original.
	www.complete-review.com /saloon/archive/200505b.htm (4756 words)

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