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| | The 1953 revolt in East Germany: violence and betrayal Anthony Glees - openDemocracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07) |
 | | The uprising in East Germany (the German Democratic Republic) in June 1953 — brutally suppressed by the communist authorities with 170 executions for political crimes, 123 for other ‘crimes’, connected to the protests, in addition to the scores of victims shot down in the street — is a case in point. |
 | | By 1953, West Germany was part of the European Coal and Steel Community (precursor of the European Economic Community and, ultimately, the European Union), and keen to join a western defence alliance; meanwhile, the Wirtschaftswunder or economic miracle was steadily increasing the prosperity of ordinary people. |
 | | The East German revolt of June 1953 was the first uprising by working people against communism since the very early days of the system, and it opened a period which witnessed other mass protests in Poznan, Budapest, Prague, and elsewhere. |
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