
	Where results make sense

Topic: Working memory

Related Topics

Memory

Cognitive linguistics

In the News (Thu 17 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Working memory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A second source of the concept of working memory is the distinction between short-term memory and long-term memory.
		Working memory is generally considered to have limited capacity.
		Representations in working memory are a subset of the representations in long-term memory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Working_memory (2093 words)

	Short-term memory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The information held in short-term memory may be: recently processed sensory input; items recently retrieved from long-term memory; or the result of recent mental processing, although that is more generally related to the concept of working memory.
		The relationship between short-term memory and working memory is differently described by various theorists, but it is generally acknowledged that the two concepts are distinct.
		Miller argued that the unit of measurement for short-term memory capacity is a chunk.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Short_term_memory (941 words)

	Memory (psychology) - MSN Encarta
		Memory and learning are closely related, and the terms often describe roughly the same processes.
		Working memory declines in old age and in some types of brain diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
		Working memory capacity is correlated with intelligence (as measured by intelligence tests).
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761578303/Memory_(psychology).html (1586 words)

	Long-Term Working Memory
		To account for the large demands on working memory during text comprehension and expert performance, the traditional models of working memory involving temporary storage must be extended to include working memory based on storage in long-term memory.
		These working contexts, with their accessible information that change as the individuals continue with the task, are often informally referred to as instances of working memory.
		The memory performance exhibited by subjects in standard memory tasks is clearly consistent with the view that storage of information in LTM and efficient access of that information is too unreliable to be an effective source of working memory.
	www.ecs.soton.ac.uk /~harnad/Papers/Py104/ericsson.long.html (21443 words)

	Working memory
		Working memory is one of the most important concepts in understanding and improving your memory.
		Working memory is a relatively recent term, a refinement of an older concept - that of short-term memory.
		The extent to which working memory is domain-specific (different "working memories", if you like, for different sensory and cognitive systems, such as language, spatial memory, number) is still very much debated.
	www.memory-key.com /NatureofMemory/working_memory.htm (587 words)

	Developing Intelligence: Visualizing Working Memory
		Shiffrin's modal model of memory includes three parts: a brief sensory store through which we experience the outside world, a working memory component with rehearsal processes, and a long-term store from which we can retrieve information into working memory.
		From sensory memory, perceptual data feeds into (or is "sampled" by) a relatively low-capacity - and low-decay - polymodal short-term/working memory process, as indicated by convergence of sensory inputs into an arrow of smaller width in the middle-lower region of the diagram.
		Long-term memory has an essentially unlimited capacity, as indicated by this arrow's enormous base width, but is subject to decay and interference over time.
	develintel.blogspot.com /2006/03/visualizing-working-memory.html (988 words)

	Working memory
		The Baddeley model of working memory was proposed as an alternative to the short-term model to take into account some of the limitations of that model.
		According to Baddeley (1992), working memory is the "mental workbench" that is the site of applied conscious mental effort.
		Given this experimental evidence, it seems that the Working Memory model is superior to the short-term model in that it includes everything in the short-term model and takes into account some things the short-term model has difficulty explaining (e.g.
	www.psychdaily.com /encyclopedia.php?term=Working+memory (1038 words)

	memory
		Nevertheless, a good model for how memory works must be consistent with the subjective nature of consciousness and with what is known from scientific studies (Schacter 1996).
		One of the most popular models of memory sees memory as a present act of consciousness, reconstructive of the past, stimulated by an analogue of an engram called the "retrieval cue." The engram is the neural network representing fragments of past experiences which have been encoded.
		Not only could Penfield only elicit "memories" in about one out of every thirteen patients, he did not provide support for the claim that what was elicited was actually a memory and not a hallucination, fantasy or confabulation.
	skepdic.com /memory.html (2918 words)

	Working Memory
		Yet another view is that short-term memory represents not one but a complex set of interacting subsystems that together are referred to as working memory.
		This is a common use of working memory.
		Working memory is clearly useful if you are trying to understand a spoken sentence, or remember a string of digits.
	coe.sdsu.edu /eet/articles/workingmemory/start.htm (251 words)

	Working Memory: LISMAN - NEUROSCIENCE
		Working memory is defined as a form of memory that is maintained by the active firing of neurons.
		This work, which is being done in collaboration with Michael Kahana of the Psychology Dept. and Joe Madsen, of Children's Hospital, takes advantage of the fact that patients with intractable epilepsy are implanted with electrode arrays on the brain surface in order to localize their epilepsy.
		We have now given simple working memory tests to these patients and used the signals from the electrode array to ask whether there is any connection between working memory and oscillations.
	www.bio.brandeis.edu /lismanlab/memory.html (439 words)

	Working Memory
		To investigate the overload of working memory a number of chemistry problems were assessed for complexity (Z) and a plot of facility value (FV) against question complexity (Z) produced, Figure 9.3.
		That is, students of a given working memory capacity (X) would successfully answer questions of demand Z until their capacity was exceeded, at which point their performance would fall dramatically (idealised in Figure 9.4).
		However they do point out that working memory capacity may only be one factor effecting problem solving ability: ``the correlation found is an estimate of the importance or weight of the working memory factor''.
	dbweb.liv.ac.uk /ltsnpsc/AB/AB-html/node10.html (1530 words)

	Depression and Memory
		Scientists are probing the connection between depression and memory-some in hopes of improving treatments, others to improve understanding of the deep connections between mind, mood, and memory.
		Memory is but one of a suite of higher or "executive" brain functions hobbled by depression.
		One of the ways that depression affects memory is by skewing the types of memories people tend to recall while in the grip of melancholy.
	www.memorylossonline.com /summer2001/depression.html (1141 words)

	New Study Finds Substance That Helps Working Memory Work Better (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Working memory is the process which temporarily holds information such as a phone number until a person gets to a phone to dial the number.
		The results of the trials showed that enhancing acetylcholine transmission with physostigmine resulted in improved working memory performance and altered neural activity in a cortical region known to be important to this memory task.
		Pietrini points out that the NIA is currently involved in a more in-depth analysis of working memory using a different imaging technique (functional MRI) that he hopes will lead us to an even better understanding of this intriguing aspect of brain function.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/2c34e.htm (811 words)

	BrainConnection.com - Working Memory, Language and Reading - Part 3
		Then, while being held in working memory, the phonemes (letter sounds) must be synthesized and blended, to form recognizable words.
		If an individual is suspected of having memory problems, there are several tests that can be used to distinguish between weakness with working memory and other difficulties.
		Working memory, a short term buffer that allows us to remember things like phone numbers, is a distinct type of memory in the brain.
	www.brainconnection.com /topics/?main=fa/memory-language3 (937 words)

	Working memory definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Working memory is a system for temporarily storing and managing the information required to carry out complex cognitive tasks such as learning, reasoning, and comprehension.
		Working memory is involved in the selection, initiation, and termination of information-processing functions such as encoding, storing, and retrieving data.
		One test of working memory is memory span, the number of items, usually words or numbers, that a person can hold onto and recall.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=7143 (179 words)

	ScienceDaily: Brain Signal Predicts Working Memory Prowess
		An individual's capacity for such visual working memory can be predicted by his or her brainwaves, researchers funded by the NIH's National Institute of Mental Health have discovered.
		Subjects' memory capacity (diamonds) correlated with the increase in amplitude of a particular brain signal as the number of items to be held in working memory increased from 2 to 4.
		Since working memory capacity is strongly predictive of performance on a broad array of of cognitive abilities reasoning, language, flexible problem solving Vogel foresees the physiological measure as finding applications in assessing individuals who are behaviorally or verbally impaired, such as in cases of stroke or paralysis.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/04/040420012800.htm (1867 words)

	Physics: Working Memory
		Advanced imaging techniques were first used in 1997 to show the moment-by-moment brain activity involved in seeing a face or a series of letters, holding it briefly in working memory, and then recalling it.
		Working memory disorders, such as schizophrenia, illustrate the importance of the "executive functions" of the prefrontal cortex which include decision making, attention, and planning.
		Their brain imaging studies had revealed that both well siblings and patients falter on tasks of working memory and show abnormal activation of the prefrontal cortex, which is required for such "executive" functions.
	www.p-i-a.com /Magazine/Issue12/Physics_12.htm (750 words)

	Working memory key to breakthroughs in cognitive neuroscience
		A central unifying argument of the issue is that the pace of future breakthroughs in mind-brain research hinges on the development of a systematic and purposeful plan for the integration and coordination of an overwhelming array of exciting new knowledge being generated by researchers across the cognitive neurosciences.
		First, the capacities and properties that the model is to explain need to be described in detail and a functional architecture by virtue of which the mind/brain enables the person to have those properties and capacities needs to be put forward.
		Second, working computational models of cognitive functions that specify in detail the proposed theoretical assumptions and are based on known neurobiology of the brain need to be built.
	news-info.wustl.edu /tips/page/normal/6884.html (788 words)

	A workout for working memory
		In fact, working memory could be the basis for general intelligence and reasoning: Those who can hold many items in their mind may be well equipped to consider different angles of a complex problem simultaneously.
		Some argue that working memory has a set limit of about four items, and that individual differences in working memory arise from the ability to group small bits of information into larger chunks.
		So, even if working memory can't be expanded, adults with grocery lists and children with ADHD may be able to make better use of what little space is available by practicing the task itself or repeating tests of general working memory.
	www.apa.org /monitor/sep05/workout.html (1620 words)

	Exploratorium: Playing Games With Memory (continued)
		Your working memory is great for jobs like remembering a phone number for a few minutes.
		Just as you did in the previous memory game, you are going to click the GO button, look at the pictures for two minutes, then return to this page and write down as many of the things as you can remember.
		If you were looking at the pictures in the last game (Memory Solitaire), you might make up a story about a cat named Charlie (which begins with C) who was riding a bicycle and chasing a dog.
	www.exploratorium.edu /memory/dont_forget/playing_games_2.html (640 words)

	The culprit behind limited working memory capacity
		But I do think that in the heated debate about the capacity of working memory implications for menu structures (1, 2, 3), HCI has ignored the larger picture about working memory.
		Is there one working memory store or are there multiple stores (one for visual information, another for verbal information etc.).
		The model also depicts the interactions of working memory with the sensory systems on the one side and with the long term memory store on the other side.
	www.rashmisinha.com /archives/04_06/working-memory-hci.html (683 words)

	Short Term (Working) Memory
		When you are talking or answering questions on an exam, the information must be brought into working memory for you to manipulate, and your words and answers come out of working memory.
		Despite its central importance in the memory process, short term memory is in many respects the "bottle-neck" of the memory process.
		Students working on their own often try to memorize long lists of terms without understanding how these pieces of information relate to one another; they quickly overwhelm the capacity of short term memory, and their attempts at learning are ineffective.
	www.gpc.edu /~bbrown/psyc1501/memory/stm.htm (1119 words)

	Developing Intelligence: Selection Efficiency in Updating Working Memory
		If this is truly the source of individual differences in working memory, then current "span measures" may be somewhat off the mark in their focus on capacity differences per se; likewise, even the relatively new "period measures" advocated by Towse et al., may only indirectly index the true source of memory differences.
		In an extension to this work, the authors also showed that low-capacity individuals were somewhat better at selectively updating WM representations when the distractor items differed in terms of location, rather than simply color.
		If these results are to be believed, then it seems plausible that working memory span differences occur partly because of differences in capacity, but also partly because of differences in how well low-capacity individuals are able to use that capacity.
	develintel.blogspot.com /2006/08/selection-efficiency-in-updating.html (972 words)

	B. Behind g: Working Memory?
		325). A detailed treatment of the different working memory theoretical explanations is beyond the scope of the current paper and is not necessary in the current context.
		“the remarkable finding is the consistency with which the working memory capacity factor has proven to be the central factor in cognition abilities…that working memory capacity is more highly related to performance on other cognitive tests, and is more highly related to learning, both short-term and long-term, than is any other cognitive factor” (p.
		The strong relationship between working memory and intelligence paves the way for a better understanding of psychometric ability concepts through theories of cognition. Establishing this general association, however, is only the first step. Working memory itself is not a precisely defind construct.
	www.iapsych.com /CHCPP/B.BehindgWorkingMemory.html (1042 words)

	Drug Boosts Working Memory
		This knowledge may lead to the development of drugs to improve memory in patients with neurological impairment, such as brain injury.
		The researchers noticed that subjects whose baseline scores were better than average on a test of working memory did worse when tested again a few hours after taking bromocriptine.
		He says scores on the same memory tests improved in these individuals, thus indicating there may actually be some clinical applications of the drug in brain-injured people.
	www.personalmd.com /news/a1997112602.shtml (444 words)

	Writing Can Improve Working Memory
		Recent work in my laboratory suggests that writing can also improve attention, or the ability to concentrate, which cognitive psychologists call working memory.
		In this report, I'll explain how psychologists define and measure working memory capacity (abbreviated as WM), then I'll describe the experiments Adriel Boals and I conducted, and then I'll give some suggestions about how people could use the writing technique on their own.
		Working memory is an important predictor of performance on many complex tasks, like driving a vehicle or piloting an airplane.
	litsite.alaska.edu /healing/memory.html (1371 words)

	New Insights into Working Memory Mechanism
		According to Olson, how much time has elapsed or, in other words, the age of the memory -- is less important to the hippocampus than is the requirement to form connections between pieces of information to create a coherent episode of memory.
		To study the role of the hippocampus in forming short-term memories, Olson and her colleagues used visual memory tests to study the ability of nine amnesiacs to recall images presented to them on a screen.
		The results show that working memory for objects or locations alone was at normal levels, but that memory for object-location conjunctions was severely impaired at eight-second delays.
	www.rxpgnews.com /research/neurosciences/memory/article_4340.shtml (677 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)