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Topic: World Columbian Exposition

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	World's Columbian Exposition
		Exposition backers also were also motivated by the prospect of securing greater prestige for themselves and for their cities.
		Concerns about the power of the exposition to shape the future were also apparent in the struggles fought by African Americans and women over their representation at the fair.
		Forty years later, the promoters of the Century of Progress Exposition made clear their indebtedness to the 1893 fair when they triggered the opening of their exposition with a beam of starlight that left Arcturus the same year that the World's Columbian Exposition had illuminated Chicago's skies.
	www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org /pages/1386.html (2033 words)

	World's Columbian Exposition: Introduction
		The World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893, was the last and the greatest of the nineteenth century's World's Fairs.
		The World's Columbian Exposition was the perfect vehicle to explore these immense changes while at the same time celebrating the kind of society America had become.
		World's Fairs, by the end of the century, were an established cultural and entertainment form with immense international influence.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~MA96/WCE/introduction.html (890 words)

	The World's Columbian Exposition The Chicago World's Fair of 1893
		The World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893, was a landmark event in American history and culture.
		Named in honor of Christopher Columbus, the Fair was a means of celebrating the 400th anniversary of Columbus' discovery of the New World and promoting the progress of man in science, industry, and culture since that historic event.
		The ceremonies were marked by gala musical performances of the "Columbian March" and one of the earliest public recitations of The Pledge of Allegiance to the United States Flag - written earlier that year by Francis J. Bellamy.
	www.bgsu.edu /departments/acs/1890s/chicagowfair/worldsfair.html (709 words)

	World’s Columbian Exposition 1893 Chicago World's Fair
		Iowa at the World's Columbian Exposition - Chicago 1893.
		An unusual Columbian Expo brochure in that it includes various routes to the fair, descriptions of cities and sight-seeing attractions along the way, advice to foreign visitors and finally a description of the important buildings and exhibits.
		Douglass at the World's Columbian Exposition by Tudor Jenks.
	www.the-forum.com /collect/wf22.htm (1758 words)

	World Columbian Exposition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		World Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893 The World Columbian Exposition (also called "The Chicago World's Fair"), a World's fair, was held in Chicago in 1893 to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus's discovery of the New World.
		The Exposition's illumination with electricity, using Tesla and Westinghouse's alternate current, resulted in removing doubt of the usefulness of the polyphase alternating current.
		The World Columbian Exposition was the first world's Fair with an area for amusements which was strictly separated from the exhibition halls.
	world-columbian-exposition.iqnaut.net (1371 words)

	World's Columbian Exposition - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION [World's Columbian Exposition] held at Chicago, May-Nov., 1893, in commemoration of the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus.
		Authorized (1890) by Congress, it was planned and completed by a commission headed by Thomas W. Palmer (1830-1913), and the grounds along the Lake Michigan shore were dedicated Oct. 12, 1892.
		The exposition, known as the White City, comprised 150 buildings of Romanesque, Greek, and Renaissance architecture constructed of staff, a material resembling marble.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-worldsc1o.html (413 words)

	Flager Museum - Tiffany at the World's Columbian Exposition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The aim of the Exposition was to demonstrate to the world that America had become the most highly evolved culture in history, not only technologically superior but aesthetically mature.
		The Exposition was officially dedicated in 1892 to coincide with the 400th anniversary of Columbus' discovery of the "New World." Though only open for six months, the Exposition was so successful that it enjoyed a total attendance equal to nearly half the population of the United States.
		This exhibit will be the first time many of the important silver objects exhibited at the Columbian Exposition have been seen together since 1893, many of the pieces will be exhibited alongside their original design drawings.
	www.flaglermuseum.us /html/tiffany_at_columbian_exposition.html (510 words)

	The American Experience \| Houdini \| People & Events \| The World's Columbian Exposition
		The mile-long Midway at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago was the closest an amusement seeker came to a sure thing in 1893.
		The Columbian Exposition was the first major American fair since the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition of 1876, and it marked the beginning of a golden era.
		But it was the world’s fair that became the perfect vehicle for exposing Americans to the wonders of the modern world.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/houdini/peopleevents/pande08.html (499 words)

	World's Columbian Exposition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The World's Columbian Exposition (also called The Chicago World's Fair), a World's Fair, was held in the U.S. city of Chicago in 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' discovery of the New World.
		The famous Ferris Wheel, which proved to be a major attendance draw and helped save the fair from bankruptcy, was not finished until June, due to waffling by the fair's board of directors the previous year, on whether to build the structure or not.
		The cost of construction of the World's Congress Auxiliary Building was shared with the Art Institute of Chicago, which moved into the building (the museum's current home) after the close of the fair.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/World's_Columbian_Exposition (2740 words)

	The World's Columbian Exposition: Paul V. Galvin Digital History Collection
		The second half of the 19th century was an age of fairs and expositions held in London, Paris, and other great cities throughout the world.
		The World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893, was the first critically and economically successful U.S. world's fair.
		In effect, the Columbian Exposition was Chicago's debut on a world stage as a locus of great architecture and burgeoning economic power.
	columbus.gl.iit.edu /about.html (434 words)

	1893 World's Fair and Map
		The ubiquitous presence of water acted as reminder that the exposition celebrated the anniversary of Christopher Columbus’s arrival in the West Indies and compensated for the absurdity of commemorating that voyage in a city a thousand miles from the Atlantic seaboard.
		Exposition planners envisioned two separate spheres which, considered together, encompassed their complete vision for the World’s Fair: The White City and the Midway Plaisance.
		Columbian Exposition to classify all of human knowledge into a dozen or so categories which were each represented by one of the Great Buildings.
	mason.gmu.edu /~ssaltzgi/Worlds_Fair/world_fair_essay.htm (2522 words)

	Progress Made Visible: American World's Fairs and Expositions
		If the Centennial marked the emergence of the United States as an economic power, the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893 marked the country's coming of age as a political and industrial power.
		King's: New Discovery for Consumption, Coughs and Colds: Souvenir of the World's Columbian Exposition, Chicago, 1893.
		The Columbian Exposition was the first World's Fair with a separate amusement area.
	www.lib.udel.edu /ud/spec/exhibits/fairs/colum.htm (1082 words)

	World Columbian Expo by art historian Dr. Lori
		A main attraction of the World Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893, was George Ferris' technological wonder.
		While the Ferris Wheel attracted many to the Fair in Jackson Park, other attractions were of interest to visitors from around the globe including the lions and tigers, the exhibition halls and the state buildings constructed to represent the best aspects of the industries and people of the individual states of the United States.
		The World Columbian Exposition was held in Chicago, Illinois, in 1893, in celebration of the 400th anniversary of the arrival of Christopher Columbus to the Americas.
	www.drloriv.com /lectures/world.htm (906 words)

	The World's Columbian Exposition: Paul V. Galvin Digital History Collection
		The World's Columbian Exposition held in Chicago during the summer of 1893 represented an epochal historical event with its myriad statuary complementing its awe-inspiring, neoclassical architecture and highlighting its massive expanse of buildings, waterways and accumulated global humanity.
		Significantly, a legend has grown that African Americans were virtually nonexistent at the world's fair, partially the result of white hostility and exclusion, and partially because of a decision by a segment of fl America to accept nothing short of full recognition of their rights to participate as equals.
		From August 14, 1893, to August 21, 1893 probably the largest number of African American participants in a world's fair event assembled as part of the Congress on Africa, or as it was sometimes referred to, the Congress on African Ethnology, or the Congress on the Negro.
	columbus.gl.iit.edu /reed2.html (4649 words)

	World's Columbian Exposition
		The WCE, situated on a 1.3 mile long strip in Jackson Park, Chicago, introduced a wealth of inventions to America and the world that ranged from cracker jacks, zippers, and the Ferris Wheel to innovations in architecture, machinery, and child care.
		In most of the popular press, the WCE epitomized to America and the world the inevitable betterment of humankind that would follow the embrace of civilization and science, the twin gods of progress.
		Scott Hancock's 1893 World's Fair-Book - "The Columbian Exposition was America's coming of age party, and for a moment in time the Fair arguably held the best of what America was, - and the dreams of what could be."
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/wooda/wce.html (1030 words)

	World's Columbian Exposition
		The WCC quickly laid the groundwork for the exposition and formally notified the President of the United States that all of the preliminary requirements of the Congressional act had been fulfilled.
		Karl Bitter was the director os sculpture at the 1901 Pan American Exposition in Buffalo (New York), the 1904 Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis (Missouri), and the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition.
		Total cost for the exposition was $27,245,566.90, excluding the $3-4 million spent by state, federal, and foreign governments on their exhibit buildings.
	users.vnet.net /schulman/Columbian/columbian.html (2755 words)

	eBay Guides - Columbian Exposition Chicago Worlds Fair 1892 - 1893 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The World's Columbian Exposition (also called The Chicago World's Fair), was held in the City of Chicago in 1893, to celebrate the 400th anniversary of Christopher Columbus' discovery of the New World.
		Columbian half dollars of either date are readily available in circulated grades and may also be found in grades MS-60 through MS-63.
		To celebrate Columbus' discovery and the exposition itself, a bill was passed on August 5, 1892 which authorized the coining of not more than 5,000,000 commemorative half dollars.
	reviews.ebay.com /Columbian-Exposition-Chicago-Worlds-Fair-1892-1893_W0QQugidZ10000000002151147?ssPageName=BUYGD:CAT:-1:LISTINGS:3 (762 words)

	World's Columbian Exposition - Chicago 1893
		It thus became known as "The White City." Perhaps the most amazing aspect of this exposition is that all of its structures, with the exception of the Fine Arts Building, were torn down when the event ended.
		In these letters I long ago predicted that this giant structure would be the chief sensation of the World's fair, just as the Eiffel tower was the chief sensation of the Paris exposition, and my prediction has been verified.
		The wheel was dismantled in mid-1894, after the fair, and reused at the St. Louis exposition in 1904.
	www.americancollectiblesmuseum.org /columbian.htm (512 words)

	No. 1238: 1893 Exhibition
		he 1893 Chicago Columbian Exposition was America's fourth major world's fair (depending on just how one counts.) We were young and strong -- at peace and feeling our oats.
		England had begun the cycle of world's fairs with her Crystal Palace in 1851.
		World fairs had turned into a very big deal.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi1238.htm (534 words)

	World's Columbian Exposition, Athens Memories
		Perhaps it will be interesting for you to know that the most beautiful state building on the exposition grounds is that of Ohio, in my opinion.
		True, it is not so large as some others, nor so brilliant as California's; but to one who tires of the flashy and is fond of the tranquil, is to step into Ohio and rest the eyes.
		And if the World's Fair are a moral detriment, it ought not to be held at all.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/wooda/letter.html (1310 words)

	Information about the WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION HALF DOLLAR coin
		The three-masted caravel on reverse is intended to represent the Santa Maria, Columbus flagship.
		This was the first of the great World's Fairs to be honored with a commemorative coins; it was scheduled to open in Chicago in October 1892, to honor the 400th anniversary of Columbus discovery of a group of Caribbean islands, which he mistakenly thought to be part of India.
		The Exposition was organized as of April 9, 1890, Congress specifying Chicago as the site (Act of April 25, 1890) after much pressure from city officials in New York, St. Louis and Washington, D.C. wanting the Exposition to be held in their respective cities.
	www.usrarecoininvestments.com /collecting/columbian-halfdollar.htm (994 words)

	World's Columbian Exposition - Chicago World's Fair (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The World's Parliament of Religions and articles from Catholic World about Catholic exhibits at the fair.
		Women's participation in the 1893 World's Fair, the first to highlight American women's new roles in society and to feature a distinct Woman's Building and Board of Lady Managers.
		World's Fairs & Expositions, edited by Jim Zwick.
	www.boondocksnet.com /expos/columbian.html (239 words)

	World's Columbian Exposition
		The World’s Columbian Exposition was held in Chicago, Illinois in 1893.
		The Chicago Columbian Exposition of 1893 commemorated the four hundredth anniversary of Christopher Columbus arriving in America.
		A History of the World's Columbian ExpositionWorld's Columbian Exposition Held in Chicago in 1893...
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h2286.html (424 words)

	Finding Aid to the World's Columbian Exposition Collection, 1892-1893
		The World's Columbian Exposition celebrated the 400th anniversary of the landing of Christopher Columbus in the New World.
		The Columbian Exposition was also the first world's fair with a separate amusement area.
		Still sometimes called the world's greatest world's fair, the World's Columbian Exposition was the largest public exposition to have been held in America to that time.
	findingaid.winterthur.org /html/col046.html (610 words)

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