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Topic: World Trade Organisation

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	World Trade Organization - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The WTO is the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and operates with the broad goal of reducing or abolishing international trade barriers.
		The WTO was created on January 1, 1995 to replace the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), a series of post-war trade treaties intended to facilitate free trade.
		The WTO began the current round of negotiations, the Doha round, at the Fourth Ministerial Conference in Doha, Qatar in November 2001 (WTO, 2004d).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/World_Trade_Organisation (1662 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| Country profiles \| Profile: World Trade Organization
		WTO members are empowered by the organisation to enforce its decisions by imposing trade sanctions against countries that have breached the rules.
		WTO is too powerful, in that it can in effect compel sovereign states to change laws and regulations by declaring these to be in violation of free trade rules.
		WTO lacks democratic accountability, in that its hearings on trade disputes are closed to the public and the media.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/country_profiles/2429503.stm (619 words)

	The World Trade Organisation
		It was born as GATT (General Agreement or Tariffs and Trade) in Bretton Woods in New Hampshire when world leaders met in 1944 to plan a course of action to deal with the world's economic problems.
		The WTO made it legal to label tuna dolphin friendly whether it was caught in a manner that kills dolphins or not.
		The alternative is a world that cares nothing about people or life, just the bottom line of faceless corporations willing to take any measure to squeeze another penny without concern for the consequences to human life or the environment.
	mindprod.com /money/wto.html (1063 words)

	WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		WTO is based on sound legal system and its agreements are ratified by the Parliaments of member countries.
		The WTO is the umbrella organisation responsible for overseeing implementation of all agreement-multilateral (signed by all WTO members) and plurilateral (signed by a group of members for specific issue) that have been negotiated under Uruguay Round or will be negotiated in future.
		World markets are opening up due to lowering of tariffs and dismantling of other restrictions in developed and developing countries.
	bhub.ori.nic.in /diorissa/wto.htm (803 words)

	World Trade Organisation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The nexus of the WTO are the agreements it has established which represent the foundations for policies on international trade and commerce.
		The agreements are the foundation of the multi-lateral trading system and are concerned with helping trade flow freely, the achievement of trade liberalisation through negotiation, and the settling disputes concerned with trade.
		Current projects of the WTO are focused around the research and analysis of various topics dealing with trade and more recently globalisation including, but not limited to: the environment, trade liberalisation and sustainable development, banking, and education.
	www.earthsummit2002.org /toolkits/women/otherforums/world.htm (343 words)

	World Trade Organisation Exposed
		The World Trade Organisation has been set up to ensure that world trade is conducted on a 'flat' playing field.
		"Free trade" in the World Trade Organisation's view is forcing the European Union to accept hormone treated beef which is produced by multinational Monsanto.
		In Nicaragua, the WTO was lobbied by these very companies to reduce the minimum wage from 0.60$ to 0.30$ an hour.
	www.pcworks.demon.co.uk /magazine/campaign/zzwto.htm (830 words)

	CorpWatch : Multinationals and the World Trade Organisation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In theory, the WTO stops governments interfering in the smooth running of free trade and everyone is meant to benefit from the economic growth which follows.
		Moreover, developing countries have made it clear that they do not trust the WTO to implement such standards fairly, and see it as a potential new form of protectionism -- where industrialised countries can ban imports from the Third World arguing that their standards are too low.
		Mistrust of the WTO also stems from its lack of accountability and the lack of democracy for developing countries in the Geneva based institution.
	www.corpwatch.org /article.php?id=329 (2285 words)

	Encourage sustainable trade \| Greenpeace International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The WTO threatens crucial environmental agreements, like the first legally binding global agreement that allows countries to reject genetically modified organisms, the Biosafety Protocol.
		So-called "free" trade is speeding up the use of natural resources such as water, forests, fisheries, and minerals, much faster than they can be regenerated.
		Yet despite the enthusiasm for high tech solutions to the problems of world hunger, the fundamental truth about food and hunger remains unacknowledged by the GM advocates: people go hungry because they are poor, powerless, both or have no land upon which to grow food.
	www.greenpeace.org /international/campaigns/trade-and-the-environment (998 words)

	World Trade Organisation
		WTO trade disputes are adjudicated by a three-person tribunal or panel of 'trade experts'.
		Throughout the week there was for trade unionists a growing awareness that environmental concerns were their concerns, that it was the WTO and trade liberalisation that was destroying their jobs.
		With the failure of the WTO Seattle meeting to agree on anything, the next opportunity for world leaders to run the world in the image of Big Business was to have been the 30th meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland (27 January to 1 February 2000).
	www.heureka.clara.net /gaia/wto.htm (5733 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Special reports \| Special report: the World Trade Organisation
		July 12: Trade talks are in crisis and could collapse this year, Oxfam warned yesterday on the eve of important negotiations among ministers in China.
		July 15, leader: For a trade round begun with high hopes for boosting the developing world, it is reprehensible that squabbling between the world's two economic superpowers should be holding things up.
		A weblog for the third world: the Guardian's campaign to abolish all agricultural subsidies.
	www.guardian.co.uk /wto/0,2759,180969,00.html (696 words)

	World Trade Organisation
		The WTO was set up in 1995 by an international treaty signed by the member states of GATT (The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade).
		Thus it is a violation of WTO rules for member countries to restrict imports due to their production methods, such as child or slave labour, exploitative and dangerous working conditions, use of pollutants or animal abuse.
		The WTO is the vehicle through which TNC's aim to capture increased access to the South's markets in agriculture, health care, education, water and utilities.
	www.poptel.org.uk /primalseeds/wto.htm (1267 words)

	World Trade Organisation (WTO): An illegal organisation that violates the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
		World leaders respectfully paid tribute to the Jubilee initiative, responding with empty rhetorical commitments on debt reduction for the World's poorest countries.
		Similarly, the WTO almost neutralises "with the stroke of the pen" the authority and activities of several agencies of the United Nations including the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) and the International Labour Organisation (ILO).
		Many of the organisations which signed and endorsed the "Statement" were unaware that the Audit with part of the "Dialogue" with the WTO and Western governments.
	www.derechos.org /nizkor/doc/articulos/chossudovskye.html (4988 words)

	Issues No.160
		It is obvious that the role and goal of the WTO is not only an issue of economic decisions and trade but of values and differing points of view.
		The World Trade Organization (WTO) held its Third Ministerial Conference in Seattle in late 1999.
		The US is the world's leading trader in goods and services, accounting for about 14 percent of world exports and about 16 percent of imports.
	www.globaled.org /issues/160 (511 words)

	The World Trade Organization - Social and Economic Policy - Global Policy Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The World Trade Organization was founded in 1995 to replace the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
		The World Trade Organization (WTO) has ruled that the majority of the subsidies the EU and US pay their sugar and cotton farmers are illegal under WTO rules.
		Trade negotiators deferred the formal relaunch of WTO trade talks for at least two more months, as they could not overcome the persisting deep differences between rich and poor countries.
	www.globalpolicy.org /socecon/bwi-wto/indexwto.htm (8589 words)

	home - World Trade Organisation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		World Trade Organization gives Iraq 5 years to complete its membership requirements
		December 13, 2004 - The World Trade Organisation (WTO) have agreed to begin accession talks with Iraq and Afghanistan, but the US again blocked any such negotiations with Iran, diplomats said.
		By already adopting new trade and investment policies, Iraq has made clear its commitment to the principles of WTO.
	www.iraqieconomy.org /home/macro/wto (307 words)

	Global Exchange : World Trade Organization
		The World Trade Organization is the most powerful legislative and judicial body in the world.
		In the eight years of its existence, WTO panels composed of corporate attorneys have ruled that: the US law protecting sea turtles was a barrier to "free trade"; that US clean air standards and laws protecting dolphins are too; that the European Union law banning hormone-treated beef is illegal.
		In Seattle the WTO had planned to launch a "Milinneum Round" of trade talks that would have expanded the WTO's reach and privatization agenda into sensitive areas such as education and healthcare.
	www.globalexchange.org /campaigns/wto (412 words)

	IATP \| Trade Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A proposal for new agriculture trade rules made by the U.S. Trade Representative at the World Trade Organization includes nothing to benefit developing countries and would continue a damaging farm policy that hurts family farmers in the U.S. and around the world, says IATP.
		While trade agreements and human rights treaties coexist in the multilateral system, the WTO has made trade and investment the de facto priority in practice.
		A joint WTO and Standford Uninversity project provides access to documents and information of and about the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), an organization that promoted international commerce and the reduction of trade barriers among member states from 1947-1994.
	www.tradeobservatory.org (1047 words)

	Public Citizen \| WTO - World Trade Organization - World Trade Organization (WTO)
		Established in 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO) is a powerful new global commerce agency, which transformed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) into an enforceable global commerce code.
		In November 1999, the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Third Ministerial Meeting in Seattle collapsed in spectacular fashion, in the face of unprecedented protest from people and governments around the world.
		The WTO and GATT Uruguay Round Agreements have functioned principally to pry open markets for the benefit of transnational corporations at the expense of national and local economies; workers, farmers, indigenous peoples, women and other social groups; health and safety; the environment; and animal welfare.
	www.publiccitizen.org /trade/wto/index.cfm (343 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| Weblog \| Weblog special: the World Trade Organisation
		There are many issues at stake: agricultural subsidies, special trade arrangements for developing countries, and the supply of cheap generic drugs to fight diseases such as Aids.
		Here, we list the major organisations and link to their websites' overview of the WTO and the summit.For a more extensive list of links on WTO-related issues, visit Earth-Info.net.
		The announcement of a deal to provide cheap versions of life-saving drugs to the world's poor was finally agreed at Geneva at the beginning of September.
	www.guardian.co.uk /weblog/special/0,10627,1034948,00.html (673 words)

	Trade and environment at the World Trade Organisation
		Trade and environment at the World Trade Organisation
		This report examines trade and environmental issues within the context of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
		trade liberalization is not the primary cause of environmental degradation, nor are trade instruments the first-best policy for addressing environmental problems
	www.eldis.org /static/DOC15524.htm (253 words)

	World Trade Organisation
		The World Trade Organisation (WTO) is not part of the UN structure, although there are co-operating agreements and practices.
		The WTO is often seen as a rich nation's club to promote their own interests and has systematically created a global governance system for many issues that are deeply relevant to sustainable development.
		If the WTO is to live up to its own objective to contribute to sustainable development, it must not focus on trade liberalisation as the prime and overall objective.
	www.worldsummit2002.org /guide/wto.htm (773 words)

	An MBendi Profile - Organisation: World Trade Organisation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The World Trade Organization (WTO), established on 1 January 1995, is the legal and institutional foundation of the multilateral trading system.
		It is the platform on which trade relations among countries evolve through collective debate, negotiation and adjudication.
		The WTO is the embodiment of the results of the Uruguay Round trade negotiations and the successor to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
	www.mbendi.co.za /orgs/cdt1.htm (159 words)

	WTO\| vacancies
		Applications for employment by the WTO are equally welcome from women and men; a person wishing to apply for a professional post should be a national of a WTO member state and be under 62 years old.
		Vacancies are the subject of open competition and advertised by means of vacancy notices, the distribution of which is made to all of the official representatives of the governments participating in the WTO.
		Please specify the number of the position you are applying for in the subject field of your e-mail.
	www.wto.org /english/thewto_e/vacan_e/vacan_e.htm (281 words)

	Politics: 2h: World Trade Organisation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Note, however, that our focus is on how the WTO operates as an institution rather than on the more general issue of the benevolence or otherwise of international trade rules.
		Weiler, J. (2001), 'The Rule of Lawyers and the Ethos of Diplomats: Reflections on the Internal and External Legitimacy of WTO* Dispute Settlement', Journal of World Trade 35/2: 191-207.
		Finally, http://www.gatt.org/ is a spoof of the official WTO website (and looks remarkably like the real thing).
	www.pol.ed.ac.uk /pol_2/reading_wto.html (917 words)

	Turkish Press News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Putin: Our Common Goal Is To Raise The Trade Volume To 25 Billion U.S.D. In Upcoming Years
		World Bank will step up aid to Pakistan for quake recovery
		WTO meetings have done little to clear deadlock
	www.turkishpress.com /business/news.asp?id=041213181336.hev00vnc.xml (165 words)

	World Trade Organisation - Protest (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As the dust settled on a bloodied planet, the victors of WWII met with the aim of
		Trade agreements, such as GATT and NAFTA, drafted in secret by the WTO, have
		WTO director general, Michael Moore, warns that these talks will be
	www.rimbaud.freeserve.co.uk /wto.htm (610 words)

	World Trade Organisation - Exposed
		Several big corporations such as Microsoft, Chiquita and Monsanto control the World Trade Organisations funding, and their funding allows "the greatest possible interactions" with organisers in return.
		November 30th 1999: It is unknown at present what form the demonstrations against the WTO will take.
		Attend a public meeting about the WTO in Room 14 House of Commons on 29th November.
	www.urban75.org /archive/news087.html (1228 words)

	The World Trade Organisation (WTO) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		There was a dissatisfaction of certain western countries with the low level of intellectual property protection by the WIPO conventions and WIPO's inability to enforce intellectual property rights.
		In 1986 a number of countries led by the United States turned to multilateral trade talks, the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
		In addition to TRIPS the Final Act of the Uruguay Round replaced the GATT with a substantially empowered international trade body called the World Trade Organization (WTO).
	www.ipmall.fplc.edu /hosted_resources/arnold/5_04.htm (235 words)

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