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Topic: Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention

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	Children's Rights - International Labour Organization 1999
		A Committee on Child Labour was set up to start negotiations based on proposed instruments and substantial progress was made with the completion of the first discussion and adoption of the text of a proposed Convention and Recommendation (Report IV (1) and Report IV (2a)).
		The final texts were adopted as Convention 182 Concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour and Recommendation 190 Concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour.
		The Convention and the Recommendation apply to all children under the age of 18 in conformity with the general age stipulated in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the minimum age for hazardous work in the ILO Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138).
	www.hri.ca /fortherecordCanada/vol2/childrenilo99.htm (613 words)

	Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Convention concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour, known in short as the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, was adopted by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in 1999 as ILO Convention No 182.
		The predefined worst forms of child labour are:
		The last category of worst form of child labour is work which by its nature or the circumstances is likely to harm the health, safety or morals of children, or Worst Form Hazards faced by Children at Work.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Worst_Forms_of_Child_Labour_Convention (583 words)

	Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Worst Forms of Child Labour Recommendation was adopted by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in 1999 as ILO Recommendation No 190.
		The provisions of this Recommendation supplement those of the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention (Convention No 182, referred to below as ‘the Convention’) and should be applied in conjunction with them.
		That ratifying countries should provide that the pre-defined worst forms of child labour are criminal offences and also provide for other criminal, civil or administrative remedies to ensure the effective enforcement of national provisions for the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour (Article III(12) to (14));
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Worst_Forms_of_Child_Labour_Recommendation (369 words)

	ILO Moscow Office : Elimination of Child Labour
		The first principle of the Convention is that the minimum age should not be less than the age for completing compulsory schooling, and in no event less than age 15,and that the minimum age should be progressively raised to a level consistent with the fullest physical and mental development of young persons.
		The Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention,(No.182)reflects global consensus that there should be an immediate end to the worst forms of child labour Рthe Convention is recording the fastest ever rate of ratifications in the history of the ILO.By March 2002,117 countries had ratified.
		Another ILO Convention that is crucial in protecting children against some of the worst forms of exploitation is the Forced Labour Convention,1930 (No.29),which is one of the most fundamental and widely ratified Conventions of the ILO.
	www.ilo.ru /ecl/conv.htm (828 words)

	International Conventions - Internatinational Labour Organization
		Having adopted the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999, and
		National laws or regulations or the competent authority should determine the persons to be held responsible in the event of non-compliance with national provisions for the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour.
		Enhanced international cooperation and/or assistance among Members for the prohibition and effective elimination of the worst forms of child labour should complement national efforts and may, as appropriate, be developed and implemented in consultation with employers' and workers' organizations.
	www.interpol.int /Public/Children/Conventions/iloR190.asp (1239 words)

	CRIN - Violence Study - PAKISTAN: Child labourers in Pakistan impossible to obtain (14 November 2005)
		Child labour is stealing the childhoods of millions of children in Pakistan, denying them their right to education and to recreation and leaving them vulnerable to exploitation and abuse, says a press release issued today by the Society for the Protection of the Rights of the Child (SPARC).
		The government’s commitment to eliminating child labour could be best demonstrated by effective enforcement of existing legislation in order to remove children as a priority from bonded labour and the worst forms of child labour and by making facilities and resources available to provide free, quality education to all children of Pakistan.
		Child labor depresses the already inadequate adult wages to a point where a father and a child together earn less than the father alone was earning a year ago.
	www.crin.org /violence/search/closeup.asp?infoID=6554 (704 words)

	The Guardian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Its coming into force means that they must take immediate and effective action to prohibit and eliminate these forms of child labour which include prostitution, pornography, forced recruitment for use in armed conflict and use of children in illicit or hazardous activities for all those under 18 years of age.
		Convention 138 It is important to differentiate between the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, and the ILO's other core convention on child labour, the "Minimum Age Convention".
		It aims at the overall abolition of child labour, rather than focusing on its worst forms, and stipulates that the minimum age for admission to employment shall not be less than the age of completion of compulsory schooling.
	www.zip.com.au /~cpa/garchve3/1028ilo.html (1319 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		On June 17, 1999, a global consensus was reached to tackle and eliminate the worst forms of child labour.
		Forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery such as sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and forced or compulsory recruitment of children in armed conflicts.
		Governments have it within their powers to bring to an end the worst forms of child labour that are stunning the lives of millions of girls and boys around the world.
	www.ecpat.net /eng/Ecpat_inter/Publication/NewsSclippings/625.html (584 words)

	Convention to ban worst forms of child labour adopted
		Convention to ban worst forms of child labour adopted
		The convention applies to all persons under the age of 18, defines some of the worst forms of child labour on which governments are asked to take immediate measures to eradicate such labour.
		Asked whether any conference document treated the phenomenon of child labour and its worst forms globally, including that in the developed countries, an ILO spokesman said there was nothing in addition to the information in the press packs.
	www.twnside.org.sg /title/adopted-cn.htm (473 words)

	Fingers to the Bone - Appendix B: International Labor Organization Convention 182 and Recommendations
		The foregoing is the authentic text of the Convention unanimously adopted by the General Conference of the International Labour Organization during its Eighty-seventh Session which was held at Geneva and declared closed on 17 June 1999.
		Having adopted the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999, and
		Enhanced international cooperation and/or assistance among Members for the prohibition and effective elimination of the worst forms of child labour should complement national efforts and may, as appropriate, be developed and implemented in consultation with employers' and workers' organizations.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2000/frmwrkr/frmwrk006-08.htm (2758 words)

	Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182)
		Considering that the effective elimination of the worst forms of child labour requires immediate and comprehensive action, taking into account the importance of free basic education and the need to remove the children concerned from all such work and to provide for their rehabilitation and social integration while addressing the needs of their families, and
		Recognizing that child labour is to a great extent caused by poverty and that the long-term solution lies in sustained economic growth leading to social progress, in particular poverty alleviation and universal education, and
		The Director-General of the International Labour Office shall communicate to the Secretary-General of the United Nations, for registration in accordance with article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations, full particulars of all ratifications and acts of denunciation registered by the Director-General in accordance with the provisions of the preceding Articles.
	www.ohchr.org /english/law/childlabour.htm (1379 words)

	Press Release (ILO/00/43): ILO worst forms of child labour Convention comes into force - Public information
		What is more, ILO member States which have not yet ratified Convention No. 182 must, without being bound by each and every one of its provisions, still gear their policies towards the effective abolition of child labour.
		All member States of the ILO will also be legally bound to report annually to the Organization on their efforts regarding the worst forms of child labour, as well as child labour in general as defined under the Organization's other labour standard on child labour, the Minimum Age Convention (No. 138).
		It aims at the overall abolition of child labour, rather than focussing on its worst forms, and stipulates that the minimum age for admission to employment shall not be less than the age of completion of compulsory schooling.
	www.unicz.it /lavoro/ILO_CS.htm (1221 words)

	child003 'Worst Forms of Child Labour' abundant throughout Africa
		"Child prostitution is on the rise, primarily in Cape Town, Durban and Johannesburg.
		The child sex industry has become increasingly organised, with children either being forced into prostitution or exploited by their parents to earn money for the family.
		The typical form of child labour in Africa, however, remains the widespread use of young children in subsistence agriculture.
	www.afrol.com /News/child003_child_labour.htm (1006 words)

	USA leads in blocking efforts to stop use of child soldiers - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The proposed ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, which is close to being adopted by the International Labour Conference, fails to prohibit the use of children in armed conflicts.
		The purpose of the Convention is to protect children under 18 from the most hazardous and exploitative forms of child labour.
		A convention on the worst forms of child labour should protect all children from participating in armed conflicts.
	web.amnesty.org /library/index/engior420061999 (323 words)

	El Salvador: Abuses Against Child Domestic Workers in El Salvador: VI. CHILD LABOR UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
		Under international law, child labor in itself is not prohibited, in recognition of the potential benefits of some forms of work and of the realities that require many children to enter the workforce to support their own or their families’ basic needs.
		The Convention on the Rights of the Child guarantees children the right “to be protected from performing any work that is likely to be hazardous or to interfere with the child’s education, or to be harmful to the child’s health or physical, mental, spiritual, moral or social development.”
		Under the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, some forms of child labor are flatly prohibited, such as slavery or practices similar to slavery.
	www.hrw.org /reports/2004/elsalvador0104/6.htm (882 words)

	ILO convention on child labour to come into force on Nov 19
		The worst forms of child labour convention covers prostitution, pornography, forced recruitment for use in armed conflict and use of children in illicit or hazardous activities for all those under 18 years of age.
		The Convention was adopted unanimously by the ILO on June 17, 1999.
		This convention was adopted by the ILO Conference in 1973 and entered into force in 1976 which aimed at overall abolition of child labour, rather than focusing on its worst forms and stipulates that the minimum age for admission to employment should not be less than the age of completion of compulsory schooling.
	www.thehindubusinessline.com /2000/11/18/stories/011820b1.htm (470 words)

	The UN Works for Fair Labour (1)
		The horror of girls and boys toiling in dangerous mines, being sold for prostitution, forced to work long hours as domestic servants and on plantations and in sweatshops has propelled the issue of child labour to the attention of governments and civil society.
		The ILO and its International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC) has launched a worldwide campaign to urge governments to ratify the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention.
		To sucessfully end child labour the ILO helps working children and their families develop alternative sources of livelihood.
	www.un.org /works/labor/labor1.html (274 words)

	C182 : ILO Worst Forms of Child Labour : Child Rights Information and Documentation Centre
		Each Member who ratifies this Convention shall take immediate and effective measures to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour as a matter of urgency.
		All forms of slavery or practices similar to slavery, such as the sale and trafficking of children, debt bondage and serfdom and forced or compulsory labour, including forced or compulsory recruitment of children for use in armed conflict.
		Provide the necessary and appropriate direct assistance for the removal of children from the worst forms of child labour and for their rehabilitation and social integration.
	www.cridoc.net /worst_forms_of_child_labour.php (1291 words)

	Anti-Slavery - news
		Under this, it is illegal for children to be engaged in all forms of slavery.
		Since then, child labour and related organisations have led a drive to get as many of the ILO's 175 member states to ratify this key convention.
		Ratification is the first essential step towards eliminating the worst forms of child labour in all countries around the world.
	www.antislavery.org /homepage/news/news-ILO182-171100.htm (172 words)

	LABOUR UPDATE
		Child labour is already illegal in India, although India puts its official estimate of child labourers at 17 million.
		Representatives of the international labour movement, led by the General Secretary of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) Bill Jordan, endorsed the Global Compact, first proposed by UN Secretary General Kofi Annan last year.
		The Compact is intended to build social partnerships between business and labour, and puts forward nine principles to guide ethical business practices, covering the areas of human rights, labour and environmental standards.
	www.ictsd.org /html/weekly/story7.15-02-00.htm (384 words)

	ILO adopts Convention banning worst forms of child labour (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The new Convention called "Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention 1999" was adopted at the 87th annual International Labour Conference in Geneva.
		The new Convention reflects widespread concern over the past years that there should be an immediate end to the worst forms of child labour.
		The Convention requires ratifying States to "design and implement programmes of action" to eliminate the worst forms of child labour as a priority and "establish or designate appropriate mechanisms" for monitoring implementation of the Convention, in consultation with employers' and workers' organisations.
	www.preda.org /archives/research/cl/ecpat4.html (250 words)

	cec-india.org - Child Labour and Bonded Labour
		C 105 (Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957) prohibits the use of any form of forced or compulsory labour as a means of political coercion or education, punishment for the expression of political or ideological views, workforce mobilisation, labour discipline, punishment for participation in strikes, or discrimination.
		C 138 (Minimum Age Convention 1973) aims at the abolition of child labour, stipulating that the minimum age for admission to employment shall not be less than the age of completion of compulsory schooling.
		C 182 (Worst forms of Child Labour Convention 1999) says that each member who ratifies this Convention shall take immediate and effective measures to secure the prohibition and elimination of the worst forms of child labour as a matter of urgency.
	www.cec-india.org /leftlinks/04 (562 words)

	Democracy and Education
		What Ware describes, looking mostly at the labour press, is how the value system that was advocated by private power had to be beaten into the heads of ordinary people, who had to be taught to abandon normal human sentiments and to replace them with the new spirit of the age, as they called it.
		The labour press also condemned what they called the "bought priesthood," referring to the media and the universities and the intellectual class, that is, the apologists who sought to justify the absolute despotism that was the new spirit of the age and to instil its sordid and demeaning values.
		A symbolic expression of this disaster is that when Hewlett wrote her book a year ago, 146 countries had ratified the international convention on the rights of the child, but one had not: the U.S. That's a standard pattern for international conventions on human rights.
	www.zmag.org /chomsky/talks/9410-education.html (6217 words)

	Eliminating Child Labour - ILO/IPEC
		It defines as the worst forms of child labour such practices as child slavery, forced labour, debt bondage, trafficking, serfdom, prostitution, pornography, and various forms of work that is hazardous to a child's health, safety and morals.
		In this latter category, the Convention mentions among others and as examples, work with dangerous machinery and tools, handling of heavy loads, and work in an unhealthy environment, which may expose children to hazardous substances.
		The Convention calls for immediate and effective legislative measures to secure the prohibition and elimination of these forms of child labour as a matter of emergency.
	www.eclt.org /standards/ilo_ipec.html (253 words)

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