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	ST. JOHN'S WORT (Hypericin)
		Currently, the major use of St. John's Wort is to treat mild depression or anxiety.
		Although St. John's Wort has some antiviral activity at high doses, there are no scientific studies to show that it can reduce people's HIV viral load.
		St. John's Wort probably also changes the blood levels of other drugs that are broken down by the liver, including non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors.
	www.aids.org /factSheets/729-St-Johns-Wort-Hypericin.html (859 words)

	Wort - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wort (pronounced [wɜ(r)t]) (to rhyme with dirt or word, not wart or ward) is the liquid extracted by the process of worting, the mashing of malted barley to use in brewing beer.
		It is known firstly as sweet wort and then hopped wort after hops have been added at the boiling process.
		Wort is a sage in the Manga Record of Lodoss War.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wort (333 words)

	Wort plants - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is an alphabetical listing of Wort plants, plants that employ the term Wort in their names.
		Wort comes from the Middle English wort; Anglo-Saxon wyrt.
		Jame's Wort - Senecio jacobaea, a kind of ragwort.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wort_plants (988 words)

	Possible Interactions with: St. John's Wort
		John's wort may interact with antidepressant medications that are used to treat depression or other mood disorders, including tricyclics, SSRIs (see earlier discussion), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as phenelzine.
		John's wort should not be taken by those on digoxin because the herb may decrease levels of the medication and reduce its effectiveness.
		John's wort should not be taken by those on immunosuppressive medications such as cyclosporine because it may reduce the effectiveness of these medications.
	www.umm.edu /altmed/ConsHerbs/Interactions/StJohnsWortch.html (554 words)

	St. John's Wort..
		St. John's Wort scientifically known as Hypericum Perforatum, an herbal remedy generally used to treat depression, is making a rise throughout Europe and the United States.
		John’s Wort is also significantly cheaper than prescription antidepressants, costing approximately between $6.50 and $13 per bottle for varying volumes and potencies, which averages out to about $0.25 per day.
		John’s Wort is not recommended for children except under strict physician care but it has been found to be incredibly effective in adolescents, which are often a very complicated group to treat.
	www.vanderbilt.edu /AnS/psychology/health_psychology/StJohn.htm (2889 words)

	HRF Greenpapers: St. John's Wort
		John's wort was as effective as fluoxetine (Prozac®) in improving symptoms of mild to moderate depression in 240 people taking part in a randomized, double-blind study.
		According to the studies, St. John's wort may lower blood levels of indinavir (used to treat HIV infection), cyclosporine (used to prevent organ transplant rejection), digoxin (a heart medication) and theophylline (an asthma medication).
		John's wort is considered suitable for the treatment of mild-to-moderate depression, not severe depression that interferes with the ability to function in daily life.
	www.herbs.org /greenpapers/stjohnswort.htm (1170 words)

	MedlinePlus Herbs and Supplements: St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.)
		John's wort products are often standardized to contain 0.3% of one of the components called hypericin, although there has been a movement within the manufacturing industry to standardize to a different component called hyperforin (usually 2-5%).
		It has been reported that St. John's wort may cause psychiatric symptoms such as suicidal and homicidal thoughts; these symptoms were documented in a case of a 51-year-old woman who had been taking vitamin C and an herbal extract of St. John's wort for 9 months.
		Although it has recently been suggested that St. John's wort may not have significant MAOI properties in the body, there were early reports of this type of activity, and it has not been fully disproven.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-stjohnswort.html (3943 words)

	St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum) [NCCAM Herbs at a Glance]
		John's wort is a plant with yellow flowers.
		NCCAM is studying the use of St. John's wort in a wider spectrum of mood disorders, including minor depression.
		John's wort is not a proven therapy for depression.
	nccam.nih.gov /health/stjohnswort (519 words)

	ACS :: St. John's Wort
		John's wort is a shrub-like perennial plant with bright yellow flowers that is native to Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa...
		St. John's wort is a shrub-like perennial herb with bright yellow flowers that is native to Europe, western Asia, and northern Africa.
		St. John's wort has been shown to be effective in treating mild to moderate depression with fewer side effects than the older types of antidepressants (ie, tricyclics).
	www.cancer.org /docroot/ETO/content/ETO_5_3x_St_Johns_Wort.asp (1678 words)

	St. Johns Wort
		John's wort was brought to the Northeastern United States by European colonists where it continued to be used in a manner similar to its uses in Europe (Pickering 1879).
		Part of this activity is due to St. John's wort's anti-microbial activity, attributed to the essential oil, phloroglucinols, and flavonoids.
		John's wort has remained one of the most relied upon botanicals by herbalists throughout history, and is clearly one of the leading phytomedicines for the treatment of mild to moderate depression.
	www.herbalgram.org /default.asp?c=st_johns_wort (1937 words)

	St John's Wort
		John's Wort is popular among mildly depressed patients because it is an over the counter remedy, which is cheaper than prescription drugs, and it has fewer side affects, such as nausea, headache, diarrhea, and impaired sexual function, which is common with prescription antidepressants.
		The idea is that St. John's Wort inhibits the re-uptake of this chemical in the brain, causing it to be more abundant.
		John's Wort was shown to interfere with the pathway used to metabolize this drug, by speeding it up, which in turn decreases the blood concentrations of all PI's used to treat HIV.
	www.udel.edu /chem/C465/senior/fall00/HerbalSupplements/wort.html (790 words)

	St. John's Wort Trumps Depression Drug
		But St. John's wort still remains to be tested head-to-head against the new group of antidepressants, called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as Prozac, and other new compounds.
		In Germany, the use of St. John's wort to treat depression goes back about two decades: there are many studies that investigated its safety and usefulness, and the quality of the extract is closely monitored.
		In February of this year, the FDA warned physicians that St. John's wort dangerously interferes with a long list of prescription drugs, including the AIDS drug Crixivan (indinavir) and the immunosuppressive drug Neoral or Sandimmune (cyclosporine), which is used by patients who have received transplants.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/27/1728_60939.htm (851 words)

	St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) - MayoClinic.com
		However, due to a lack of large, controlled studies comparing St. John's wort to placebo or drugs, there is currently not enough scientific evidence to recommend St. John's wort for this condition.
		St. John's wort products are often standardized to contain 0.3% of one of the components called hypericin, although there has been a movement within the manufacturing industry to standardize to a different component called hyperforin (usually 2-5%).
		It has been reported that St. John's wort may cause psychiatric symptoms such as suicidal and homicidal thoughts; these symptoms were documented in a case of a 51 year-old woman who had been taking vitamin C and an herbal extract of St. John's wort for 9 months.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/st-johns-wort/NS_patient-stjohnswort (2033 words)

	St. John's Wort
		Because St. John's wort interacts with a wide variety of medications, it is important to take it only under the guidance of a healthcare provider who is knowledgeable about herbal medicines.
		John's wort may kill or inhibit the growth of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; the virus that causes AIDS), St. John's wort has serious interactions with medications used to treat people with the virus.
		John's wort is a shrubby plant with clusters of yellow flowers that have oval, elongate petals.
	www.umm.edu /altmed/ConsHerbs/StJohnsWortch.html (2641 words)

	Herbal Descriptions - Saint Johns Wort - Hypericum perforatum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		John's Wort was popular with ancient medical authorities and was commonly recommended as a folk remedy for the treatment of infectious diseases such as colds, syphilis, tuberculosis, dysentery, whooping cough and worms.
		John's Wort has also been used in the past as a folk remedy for the support treatment of depression, anxiety, mania, hypochondriasis, fatigue, hysteria and insomnia.
		Those taking St. John's Wort for extended periods should be aware of the possibility of inducing a photosensitization reaction and be prepared to discontinue use if symptoms occur.
	www.viable-herbal.com /herbdesc4/1stjohns.htm (982 words)

	FDA Public Health Advisory - St. John's Wort
		In this study, concomitant administration of St. John’s wort and indinavir substantially decreased indinavir plasma concentrations, potentially due to induction of the cytochrome P450 metabolic pathway.
		However, based on these results, it is expected that St John’s wort may significantly decrease blood concentrations of all of the currently marketed HIV protease inhibitors (PIs) and possibly other drugs (to varying degrees) that are similarly metabolized, including the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs).
		Consequently, concomitant use of St John’s wort with PIs or NNRTIs is not recommended because this may result in suboptimal antiretroviral drug concentrations, leading to loss of virologic response and development of resistance or class cross-resistance.
	rd.business.com /index.asp?epm=s.1&bdcq=WORT&bdcr=1&bdcu=http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/advisory/stjwort.htm&bdcp=&partner=2662601&bdcs=nwuuid-2662601-DDF4E896-24FB-F089-3667-9DC0A4D252A6-ym (452 words)

	Dr. Murray Natural Living \| Articles: St. John's Wort Extract
		A total of 66 million daily doses of St. John's wort extracts were prescribed by German physicians in 1994 are expected to be dramatically higher when tallied for 1995, 1996, and beyond.
		Originally it was thought that the action of St. John's wort extract as an antidepressant was due to hypericin acting as an inhibitor of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) - thereby resulting in the increase of CNS monoamines such as serotonin and dopamine.
		The modulating effects of St. John's wort extract on interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the most interesting as it proposes a mechanism by which St. John's wort interacts with the link between the immune system and mood.
	www.doctormurray.com /articles/worteditorial.htm (3400 words)

	Howstuffworks "How St. John's Wort Works"
		John's wort, and the effectiveness of the herb, are frequently the subject of various news and media outlets.
		John's wort may also impact the effectiveness of certain immunosuppressive drugs used after an organ transplant.
		Because St. John's wort is marketed as a dietary supplement, it is not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
	www.howstuffworks.com /st-johns-wort.htm/printable (622 words)

	The Mavens' Word of the Day (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The wort that is part of some plant names is a good Old English word that stems from an Indo-European base that has a number of descendants in modern I-E languages.
		The other wort refers not to hops, but to the infusion of malt or meal in hot water that is fermented to make beer or fermented and then distilled to make whisk(e)y.
		This wort is ultimately from the same root as our other wort, and had the same form even in Old English, but is usually regarded as a different word.
	www.randomhouse.com /wotd/index.pperl?date=19990511 (228 words)

	NIH Clinical Center study demonstrates dangerous interaction between St. John's wort and an HIV protease inhibitor
		"When St. John's wort and the protease inhibitor indinavir are taken together, the levels of indinavir in the blood drop dramatically," explained the studyís principal investigator, clinical pharmacokineticist Dr. Stephen Piscitelli of the NIH Clinical Centerís Pharmacy Department.
		Substances in both St. John's wort and in indinavir are thought to share a metabolic pathway, which suggested the probability of the drugsí interaction, Piscitelli said.
		The active ingredient in St. John's wort is suspected to induce drug metabolism, which revs up the rate the liver eliminates indinavir from the body.
	www3.niaid.nih.gov /news/newsreleases/2000/wortfinal.htm (680 words)

	St. John’s Wort - Supplements
		Other well-controlled studies comparing the St. John’s wort extract LI 160 (from Lichtwer Pharma) to prescription anti-depressants such as Prozac (fluoxetine), sertraline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil), imipramine, amitriptyline and maprotiline have all found St. John’s wort to be comparable in effectiveness, but superior to prescription drugs with regard to tolerability.
		John’s wort is quite safe in terms of observed side effects, the most common of which are typically mild gastrointestinal upset, mild allergic reactions (skin rash), tiredness and insomnia/restlessness.
		The recommended dosage for St. John’s wort is 900mg per day (300mg taken 3 times per day) of a 5:1 extract of the flowering tops and leaves standardized to contain 0.3% hypericin in a complex of other natural compounds, or 3-5% hyperforin (the main constituent which is thought to inhibit neurotransmitter re-uptake).
	www.supplementwatch.com /supatoz/supplement.asp?supplementId=269 (1733 words)

	St. John's Wort: Safety and Uses \| AHealthyMe.com
		John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) is a yellow-flowered herb native to Europe that has been used for centuries to treat anxiety, insomnia, and depression.
		Although a 1996 review of 23 German studies concluded that St. John's wort was as effective as the standard drugs for mild to moderate depression, a study reported in the April 18, 2001 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association questions those results, citing the poor design of the original German studies.
		John's wort is available in capsule form, tea, or tincture from health food stores or pharmacies, but keep in mind that the government doesn't regulate herbal remedies, so it's hard to know exactly what you're getting.
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic13847 (921 words)

	St. John’s Wort (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Test tube studies suggest that St. John’s wort extracts may exert their antidepressant actions by inhibiting the reuptake of the neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine.
		John’s wort with other antidepressants, the adverse reaction rate for St. John’s wort was consistently lower than that of the antidepressant drugs with which it was compared.
		John's wort stimulates a drug-metabolizing enzyme (cytochrome P450 3A4) that metabolizes at least 50% of the drugs on the market.
	www.kroger.com /hn/Herb/St_Johns_Wort.htm (1042 words)

	CD's New Electric Wort Boiler
		Where it's of immense benefit is when cooling the wort- it GREATLY shortens the amount of time required since the wort is being moved over the surfaces of the immersion chiller thereby increasing heat transfer.
		When the tap water is too warm to get the wort to yeast pitching temp, I cool with tap water until the wort is within ~10 degF of the tap water temp then switch to recirculation of ice water thru the chiller.
		Wort has never scorched on the element, but after cleaning and air-drying, the element has what looks like a very thin mineral deposit on it- it's shown on the photo above.
	home.chattanooga.net /~cdp/boilnew/boilnew.htm (5521 words)

	ConsumerLab.com - St. John's Wort review
		The mood-elevating effects of St. John's Wort were originally thought to be due solely to the active component, Hypericin, but Hypericin does not act alone.
		The recommended dosage for St. John's Wort is 300 mg of the dried leaf and flower extract standardized to at least 0.3% hypericin, 3 times a day.
		Since St. John's Wort has a very long half-life of about 25 hours, it can actually be dosed all at once for the same effect, and to increase compliance.
	www.consumerlab.com /results/nm_sjw.asp (598 words)

	St. John's wort Consumer Drug Information
		St. John's wort is also known as Hypericum perforatum, klamath weed, John's wort, amber touch-and-heal, goatweed, rosin rose, and milleperituis.
		St. John's wort has been used in the treatment of anxiety, mild to moderate depression, stomach upset, insomnia, fluid retention, and hemorrhoids.
		St. John's wort may increase the effects of other drugs that cause drowsiness or dizziness, including antidepressants, alcohol, sedatives (used to treat insomnia), pain relievers, anxiety medicines, muscle relaxants, other antihistamines, and topical medications that contain an antihistamine (e.g., anti-itch creams).
	www.drugs.com /MTM/St__John_s_wort.html (1673 words)

	St.Johns Wort Herb
		John’s Wort is one of the most highly documented herbal treatments with a scientific record that rivals many prescription drugs.
		John’s Wort is mainly used for the treatment of mild to moderate depression.
		John’s Wort may have an additive effect if you are taking medications that cause sun sensitivity such as sulfa drugs, and the anti-inflammatory medicaton Feldene (piroxicam), as well as Prilosec or Prevacid.
	www.evitamins.com /product.asp?pid=4362 (415 words)

	St. John's Wort Vs. Drugs
		He gave 30 patients with mild to moderate depression 300 mg twice daily of standardized St. John's wort extract for one week, followed by 300 mg three times daily for six weeks; or 50 mg/day of Zoloft for one week, followed by 75 mg/day for the remainder of the trial.
		John's Wort Vs. Tofranil: Two recent studies have shown St. John's wort to be as effective as imipramine (Tofranil), a leading tricyclic antidepressant.
		Of the 157 who took St. John's wort, 68 (43 percent) had a 50 percent decrease in depression scores; of the 167 who took Tofranil, 67 (40 percent) experienced that same 50 percent decrease.
	www.newhope.com /nutritionsciencenews/NSN_backs/Jun_01/stjohns.cfm (1791 words)

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