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	Wu Zetian
		Finally, in 690 Wu Zetian usurped the throne and declared the empire was henceforth ruled by the Zhou Dynasty from her capital city Luoyang.
		In spite of her ruthless rise to power, Wu Zetian proved to be a very competent monarch and throughout her reign the legacy of prosperity was bequeathed.
		Wu Zetian was eager to draw into her government all manner of talented people.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22879.htm (1131 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Her father was Wu Shihuo (æ¦å£«å½ ) (577-635), a member of a renowned Shanxi aristocratic family, and an ally of Li Yuan, the founder of the Tang Dynasty, in his conquest of power (Li was himself also from a renowned Shanxi aristocratic family).
		Wu Zetian was born not in Wenshui, however, as her father was a high-ranking civil servant serving in various posts and locations along his life.
		Empress Wu died nine months later, perhaps consoled by the fact that her nephew Wu Sansi (æ¦ä¸æ), son of her half-brother and as ambitious and intriguing as she, had managed to become the real master behind the scenes, controlling the restored emperor through his empress consort with whom he was having an affair.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Empress_Wu (1427 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Empress Wu Zetian of China
		Wu Zetian (武則天) (625 - December 16, 705), personal name Wu Zhao (武曌), was the only female emperor in the history of China, founding her own dynasty, the Zhou (周;), and ruling under the name Emperor Shengshen (聖神皇帝) from 690 to 705.
		Her father was Wu Shihuo (武士彠) (577-635), a member of a renowned aristocratic family of Shanxi, and an ally of Li Yuan, the founder of the Tang Dynasty, in his conquest of power (Li Yuan was himself from a renowned aristocratic family of Shanxi).
		Wu Zetian was not born in Wenshui, as her father was a high ranking civil servant serving in various posts and locations along his life.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Wu_Zetian%2C_Empress_of_China (1435 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Empress Wu
		Wu Zetian (武則天) (625 - December 16, 705), personal name Wu Zhao (武曌), was the only female emperor in the history of China, founding her own dynasty, the Zhou (周), and ruling under the name Emperor Shengshen (聖神皇帝) from 690 to 705.
		Wu later had Wang and Xiao executed in a cruel manner -- their arms and legs were battered and broken, and then they were put in large wine urns and left to die after several days of agony.
		Empress Wu died nine months later, perhaps consoled by the fact that her nephew Wu Sansi (武三思), son of her half-brother and as ambitious and intriguing as she, had managed to become the real master behind the scenes, controlling the restored emperor through his empress consort with whom he was having an affair.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Empress-Wu (5673 words)

	Wu Zetian (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Wu Zhaos Antwort war die Bildung einer kaiserlichen Geheimpolizei 686 unter den Bösen schlechthin, Zhou Xing und Lai Junchen.
		Diese Geheimpolizei schaltete schnell alle anderen staatlichen Sicherheitsorgane aus und fand ihre Opfer meist unter den höheren Literaten-Beamten und den adligen Familien der Zentralverwaltung, weniger in der Provinzverwaltung.
		Wu Zhao starb wenige Monate später eines natürlichen Todes.
	www.jenskleemann.de /wissen/bildung/wikipedia/w/wu/wu_zetian.html (778 words)

	Empress Wu Zetian of China
		Wu Zetian (武則天 in pinyin: wu3 ze2 tian1) (625-705), reigning name Empress Wu (武后 wu3 hou4), self-named Wu Zhao (武曌 wu3 zhao4), from Wenshui (now Wenshui County (文水縣), Shanxi), is the only reigning female in Chinese history (of the Zhou Dynasty (690 AD - 705 AD) in between the Tang Dynasty).
		She began as a member of the harem[?] of Emperor Tang Taizong of China and was given the name Wu Mei (武媚 wu3 mei4).
		She succeeded in discrediting Gaozong's wife, Queen Wang, by framing her for the the killing of her baby (Wu Zetian herself had done the deed) and became empress herself.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/em/Empress_Wu_of_China.html (211 words)

	Chinese.pl (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 690, Empress Dowager Wu Zetian ascended the throne.
		Wan'er's initial impression of Wu Zetian was therefore influenced by two generations of her family having died at the hands of this female despot.
		Wu Zetian stumbled upon poems written by the 14-year-old Wan'er and was so impressed that she appointed Wan'er her personal secretary.
	www.chinese.pl /indexen.php?page=strona&id=638 (469 words)

	Chinese history:Tang Dynasty-Women of the Tang Dynasty
		Having worked as Emperor Taizong's secretary for 12 years, Wu Zetian was very familiar with the former emperor's main priorities in his management of state affairs, many of which she followed, for example, his stress on agriculture, reducing tax and corvee, practicing a peaceful foreign policy, and widely soliciting advice and suggestions.
		Wu Zetian left orders that upon her death a tablet should be erected in front of the tomb in which she and Emperor Gaozong were buried, but that this tablet be left blank.
		Unlike Wu Zetian, Yang Yuhuan had no hand in politics, despite being the highest-ranking imperial concubine, yet, whether or not they entered into the politics of the time, both women were strongly discriminated against on the basis of their gender.
	www.chinavoc.com /history/tang/women.htm (2600 words)

	China today―Foreigners Exchanges
		During Wu Zetian's reign, the achievements of her predecessors were carried forward and further developed, eventually bringing the Tang Dynasty to the peak of its Kaiyuan splendor.
		Wu Zetian left orders that upon her death a tablet should be erected in front of the tomb in which she and Emperor Gaozong were buried, but that this tablet be left blank.
		Unlike Wu Zetian, Yang Yuhuan had no hand in politics, despite being the highest-ranking imperial concubine, yet, whether or not they entered into the politics of the time, both women were strongly discriminated against on the basis of their gender.
	www.chinatoday.com.cn /English/y11/women.htm (2580 words)

	Culture & Art : A Women of the Tang Dynasty > People > Women in History
		Wu Zetian said that the way to deal with it was first to beat it with an iron whip, and if that did not work, to kill it.
		During Wu Zetian's reign, the achievements of her predecessors were carried forward and further developed, eventually bringing the Tang Dynasty to the peak of its Kaiyuan splendor.
		In Wu Zetian's view, the merits and demerits of her life were subject to the evaluation of history alone.
	www.womenofchina.com.cn /people/women_in_history/4286.jsp (2263 words)

	Wu Zetian, The Only Woman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 674, with the proposal of Wu Zetian, Tang Gao-Zong established a prescript that the title of emperor was Heaven-Emperor and the titile of empress was Heaven-Empress.
		Like Wu Zetian, she set up a puppet emperor and intervened publicly in the affairs of imperial government with her daughter Anle-Princess.
		Wu Zetian was a perfect stateswoman with beauty, ability, talent and political skill.
	www.hxtimes.com /Information/Women/Wuzetian.htm (817 words)

	Mabelyn.com - Infamous Women
		Wu Meiniang was the daughter of a prestigious general in the service of the first T'ang emperor, T'ai-tsung.
		Wu waited for a while and finally in 655 she planted a wooden figure with a nail through it's chest under Wang's bed that was discovered by the emperor who accused Wang of practicing witchcraft, imprisoned her along with Lady Shiao and went on to marry Wu.
		Wu had four sons by Kao-tsung and Hung, the eldest was intelligent and brave.
	www.mabelyn.com /infamous_women/wu.htm (1293 words)

	ªZ«h¤Ñ - Wu Zetian
		Before reading about Wu Zetian's early life, one should bear in mind that Wu Zetian did not become Empress until she was around 30 and records of her life to that time are extremely scarce.
		Wu Zetian carefully observed those whom the Empress and her family had offended, and then sought them out to do them good turns and give them presents.
		Wu Zetian was a Cai-Ren of Taizong, and the possibility of having an accusation of incest could only flen the emperor's reputation.
	www15.brinkster.com /orientalempire/life1.htm (1609 words)

	Xi'An - Qianling
		Weil Wang in diesem Ringen Hilfe brauchte, redete sie dem Kaiser zu, Wu Zetian an den Holf zu holen.
		Dann erhielt Wu Zetian das kaiserliche Edikt, ihre Haare waschen zu lassen und sich fÃ¼r ein Hofleben vorzubereiten.
		Aber bei einer objektiven Betrachtung mÃ¼ssen wir sagen, dass Wu Zetian wÃ¤hrend der 50 Jahren, in denen sie bei Staatsangelegenheiten mitwirkte und selbst regierte, ihre ungewÃ¶hnlichen Talente und Weisheiten zeigte.
	www.china-guide.de /china/w.xiAn/qianling.html (2551 words)

	Female Hero: Empress Wu Zetian (Women in World History Curriculum)
		She was Wu Zetian, the only female in Chinese history to rule as emperor.
		In 690, Wu's youngest son removed himself from office, and Wu Zetian was declared emperor of China.
		Wu Zetian died peacefully at age eighty the same year.
	www.womeninworldhistory.com /heroine6.html (744 words)

	Szangguan Waner
		Wu Zetian podziwiała wiersze pisane przez tę 14-latkę.
		Wu Zetian mianowała cesarzem swego innego syna, Żui Tsunga - a faktyczną władzę od 660 r.
		Po rezygnacji i śmierci cesarzowej Wu Zetian Wan'er zdobyła sympatię i patronat jej równie ambitnej synowej, cesarzowej Wei Szi.
	www.smolec.pl /kobiety/szangguan_waner.htm (460 words)

	Wu Zetian
		Wu deposed Zhongzong as he was proving difficult to control and replaced him with his younger brother.
		Wu was the puppet master and ruled the empire through her son.
		Wu Zetian proved to be a very competent monarch and throughout her reign the legacy of prosperity was bequeathed.
	www.china-corner.com /article_list.asp?id=591 (964 words)

	China History Forum, chinese history forum > Wei Zheng and Di Renjie
		I suppose in his heart, he considered Wu Zetian's right to rule as being based on shaky ground, and that ultimately, the acceptance of her as a ruler was still primarily due to her being an Empress to Emperor Gaozong and a mother to Gaozong's heirs.
		Once, when Wu Zetian was on her way to view Buddhist relics, he persuaded her to turn back, highlighting that Buddhism was a "religion of the barbarians".
		Being well-versed in literature and traditions, Di Renjie would consider Wu Zetian’s right to the throne as being based on collapsible ground since her acceptance was due to the fact that she was a member of the Li Imperial family through a marriage to Tang Gaozong.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t9001.html (1989 words)

	Wu Zetian - Definition, explanation
		Wu Chao war eine Kaufmannstochter und glÃ¤ubige Buddhistin.
		Wu Chao bemÃ¼hte sich zunÃ¤chst 684 um eine Erneuerung der Verwaltung.
		Wu Chaos Antwort war die Bildung einer kaiserlichen Geheimpolizei 686 unter den BÃ¶sen schlechthin, Chou Hsing und Lai ChÃ¼n-chÂ´en.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/w/wu/wu_zetian.php (767 words)

	Empress Wu Zetian of China
		Wu Zetian (武則天 pinyin: Wu3 Ze2tian1) (625-705), reigning name Empress Wu (武后 Wu3-hou4), self-named Wu Zhao (武曌 Wu3 Zhao4), from Wenshui (文水, now in Shanxi), is the only reigning female in the history of China.
		After Gaozong suffered a stroke, she began to govern China from behind the scenes through him and subsequent puppet emperors, only assuming power herself in 690, when she declared the Zhou Dynasty (not to be confused with the first Zhou Dynasty, lasting from 1122 BC to 256 BC).
		Considering the events of her life literary allusions to Empress Wu can carry several connotations: a woman who has inappropriately overstepped her bounds, the hypocrisy of preaching compassion while simultaneously engaging in a pattern of corrupt and vicious behavior, and ruling by pulling strings in the background.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/e/em/empress_wu_zetian_of_china.html (367 words)

	Empress Wu Zetian, Tang Dynasty, Chinese Emperor, Ancient Chinese History
		She was Wu Zetian, who was considered 'an excellent woman politician in Chinese feudal time' by Dr.
		Wu Zetian was born in 624 in Wenshui County, Shanxi Province.
		After Wu Zetian became empress, many of the state affairs were up to her for final decision since Emperor Gaozong was weak-minded.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/tang/emperor_wuzetian.htm (858 words)

	Silkroad Foundation \| Dunhuang Studies
		Emperor Wu of the Western Han started the war against the Huns and eventually drove the Huns back to the northern desert.
		Monk Faming compiled a four-volumed Buddhist sutra, entitled Dayun Jing (The Sutra of Grand Cloud), and presented it to the Wu Zetian.
		Fa Ming and his followers stated that Wu was Buddha Maitreya descending from heaven and should be the ruler of China.
	www.silk-road.com /dunhuang/dhhistory.html (2653 words)

	Discovery Channel - Personagens Chineses Famosos - Wu Zetian (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mestra da manipulação, Wu Zetian convenceu o imperador a reconhecê-la apenas uma posição abaixo da imperatriz consorte.
		Wu governo até os 80 anos, quando foi incapaz de impedir um golpe.
		Wu também lutou para elevar a posição da mulher, e fez com que intelectuais escrevessem biografias de mulheres famosas.
	discoverybrasil.com /china_antiga/personagens_chineses_famosos/wu_zetian (216 words)

	Empress Wu Zetian
		Zetian was a driven person, whose obsession for power compelled her to do unthinkable acts, even to the point of murdering her own daughter!
		Wu Zhao, also known as Wu Zetian or Empress Wu, was born in 624 A.D, the daughter of an influential noble.
		Even though Wu Zhao, or now Wu Zetian, had risen to the title of empress, that still was not enough for her.
	www.hyperhistory.net /apwh/bios/b3wuempress.htm (1011 words)

	Lexikonia.de - Informationen zu Wu Zetian
		Wu Zetian (æ¦åå¤© WÇ” ZétiÄn, geboren als Wu Zhao æ¦ç§)(*625, ' 705) war die einzige Frau, die jemals offiziell chinesische Kaiserin war.
		Wu Chaos Antwort war die Bildung einer kaiserlichen Geheimpolizei 686 unter den Bösen schlechthin, Chou Hsing und Lai Chün-chÂ´en.
		Diese Geheimpolizei schaltete schnell alle anderen staatlichen Sicherheitsorgane aus und fand ihre Opfer meist unter den höheren Literaten-Beamten und den adligen Familien der Zentralverwaltung, weniger in der Provinzverwaltung.
	www.lexikonia.de /268996_wu_zetian.htm (760 words)

	Xi'an tour,China tours,China travel information,Guilin tour,Yangtze river cruise,Tibet tours,China Silk Road tours
		Wu became the new emperor's favorite concubine, and in turn, she gave birth to many sons that Kao-tsung wanted.
		ZeTian knew it was time for her to shine.
		Wu had no ambition on behalf of her family, she was only determined to retain power for herself until the end.
	www.chinainfinity.com /webpages/provinces/shaanxi/wuzetian.htm (506 words)

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