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	Wu (linguistics) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wu (吳方言 pinyin wú fāng yán; 吳語 pinyin wú yǔ lumazi wu niu(nyu)) is one of the major divisions of the Chinese language; linguistically, it is better classified as a Sinitic language.
		The Northern Wu dialects are not mutually intelligible with the Southern Wu dialects.
		Wu dialects are notable among Chinese languages in having kept voiced consonants, such as /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/, etc. Neither Mandarin nor Cantonese have voiced consonants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wu_dialect (621 words)

	Wikipedia: Wu
		Wu can be several other less common Chinese family names, 仵,烏,鄔 etc. In Cantonese, 吳 and 仵 are transliterated to Ng; 烏 and 鄔 to Woo.
		Wu (吳) was a region in the south of Chang Jiang, surrounding Suzhou, in the Jiangsu province of China.
		The most influential Wu state was the Kingdom of Wu during the period of Three Kingdoms.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/w/wu/wu.html (136 words)

	Shanghainese - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Shanghainese (上海话; pinyin: Shànghǎihuà, lumazi: Zanheireiwo, Shanghainese in IPA: [zɑ̃ ɦɛ ɛ̤ wo]), sometimes referred to as the Shanghai dialect, is a dialect of Wu Chinese spoken in the city of Shanghai.
		Wu has 87 million speakers as of 1991, and is the second most spoken form of Chinese after Mandarin (which has some 800 million speakers).
		Shanghainese is the representative dialect of Northern Wu; it contains vocabulary and expressions from the entire Northern Wu area (southern Jiangsu, northern Zhejiang).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Shanghai_dialect (1245 words)

	Shanghai Dialect Introduction: Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Shanghainese is the distinct style of Wu Chinese spoken in the city of Shanghai; it is an integration of the various forms of Wu, as millions of people throughout the Wu-speaking region of China settled in Shanghai during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
		Wu speakers amounted to 17% of the total Chinese population just 200 years ago; this number has decreased to 6% after the massacres and chaos of the Taiping Rebellion toward the end of the Qing Dynasty.
		Linguists who emphasize the dialect status of Chinese regionalects (the bulk of whom are Chinese) counter-argue that the Chinese situation cannot be adequately judged by Western conventions precisely because of the existence of characters and their morphosyllabic nature (capable of representing both morphemes and words).
	www.zanhe.com /general.html (2123 words)

	wu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The largest city in the Wu region today is Shanghai.
		Wu is also a Chinese dialect spoken around the same region as the original Wu state.
		Wu was also given as a response to the question: "Does a dog have the Buddha-nature.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /wu.html (301 words)

	Chinese Dialects FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A separate dialect is a form of speech different than your own that you can still understand (intelligibility) and the speaker of that dialect can still understand you (mutual intelligibility), though sometimes with difficulty, or you may not recognize the use of some words.
		And at the far extreme are the dialects of Wu and Jin that have separate sandhi for each single tone based on all the different kinds of combinations each tone could occur in.
		With the existence of a dialect such as this, it is apparent that many dialects are at a different point in historical development between tone sandhi and accent.
	www.glossika.com /en/dict/faq.htm (4233 words)

	[No title]
		Wu 吳語/吴语: spoken in the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
		Wu dialect is notable among Chinese dialects in having kept voiced consonants, such as /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/, etc. (These may in fact be better described as voiceless consonants that create a voiced breathy element across the syllable: i.e.
		Kyrgyzstan, and is akin to northwestern dialects of
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Chinese_spoken_language (1777 words)

	Ting #14
		The first type pertained to the colloquial substratum in the Wu dialects which showed a unique feature of the Min nature; the second type consisted of dialectal words which were used in the modern Min dialects but which were found in the Nanshi (??) and the Wuge (??).
		study the morpheme hoo in the Southern Min dialect spoken in Taiwan, a marker that occurs in the causative, the passive, and the so-called double-object, dative and serial-verb constructions.
		Traditionally, dialectal subgrouping has no formal means to express the inter-group distance or to illustrate the closeness among related dialects.
	socrates.berkeley.edu:7057 /~jcl2/Ting.htm (1887 words)

	[Wikipedia-l] Individual Wikipedias for different Sinitic vernaculars (Cantonese debate) - update
		There are many novels written in Wu since the late 1800's and they were quite popular and highly acclaimed; if you are not aware of them, then selective education has played a big part in your misconceptions.
		The idea of a vernacular Wu encyclopedia is not very absurd so long as there are people willing to give the project a try.
		I want to remind you that written vernacular Chinese in any dialect, including Mandarin Baihua, is a relatively recent development; the "thousands years of cultural integration" mean little and can be quite frankly compared to the "cultural intergration" that is western civilization.
	mail.wikipedia.org /pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-January/037073.html (608 words)

	[No title]
		Standard Mandarin is based on Beijing dialect, which is the dialect of Mandarin as spoken in Beijing, and is intended to transcend all Chinese-speakers as a common language of communication.
		Shanghai dialect (上海話/上海话) for the speech of Shanghai —; without any "laypeople awareness" that these various "dialects" are then categorized into "languages" based on mutual intelligibility.
		In general, all spoken Chinese dialects are isolating languages, in that they depend on syntax (word order and sentence structure) rather than morphology (changes in the form of the word, such as conjugation).
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Chinese_language (3318 words)

	Wu Family History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chinese surname Wu Wu means : name of a State in ancient China (province of Jiangsu); a Chinese surname.(Ancient time Wu meant big or great in Wu dialect).
		Surname Wu was originated in an area called Yan Ling Prefecture during the Qin Dynasty (221BC to 207BC).
		Wu: Was named by Emperor Chou Wu-Wang to governor of Hu-Lo City (about 120 sq ft) located at East of An-Yang Mountain.
	www.wujiaquan.com /wufam.htm (909 words)

	Articles - Chinese spoken language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The general situation is one of dialect continuum where one can understand perfectly people speaking the local dialect and that the intelligibility decreases as the speaker comes from more and more distant regions.
		Wu å³èª/å´è¯: spoken in the provinces of Jiangsu and Zhejiang.
		Wu dialect is notable among Chinese dialects in having kept voiced consonants, such as /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/, /dZ/, /Z/ etc.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Chinese_dialect?mySession=39d242b88eaea3fa3f7b64b00269df32 (1844 words)

	History of chinese dialects - China History Forum, online chinese history forum
		For dialects, it was spoken in a local region and in common daily lifes.
		Wu dialects still contain voiced consonants (a characteristic of an earlier from of Middle Chinese), while Cantonese and Mandarin do not.
		Actually according to the World Hakka Association,Hakka dialect can be traced back to as early as Spring and Autumn period or Warring States era.I don't believe that Hakka dialect originated around or after Song dynasty because some language scholars had already verified that it is closest to ancient rhyme of old central plains.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=835 (1721 words)

	Shanghai Dialect FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1978, Hu stated that the Shanghai dialect is becoming the lingua franca of Wu dialects.
		Although this claim sounds somewhat exaggerated today, the Shanghai dialect is, without peer, the most influential Wu dialect in the area.
		For this reason, we refrain from calling Shanghainese directly as Wu and we make no attempt to assume universality for other Wu dialects; all dialogues, vocabulary and recordings are thus in Shanghainese and recorded by native Shanghainese speakers.
	www.zanhe.com /faq.html (1403 words)

	WU (LINGUISTICS) FACTS AND INFORMATION
		Wu (吳方言 pinyin wÃº fāng yÃ¡n; 吳語 pinyin wÃº yǔ lumazi wu niu(nyu)) is one of the major divisions of the Chinese_language; linguistically, it is better classified as a Sinitic language.
		As of 1991, there are 87 million speakers of Wu Chinese, making it the second largest form of Chinese after Mandarin_Chinese (which has 800 million speakers).
		The Japanese Go-on (呉音) pronunciation of Chinese characters (obtained from the Wu_Kingdom during the Three_Kingdoms period) is from the same region of China where Wu is spoken today.
	www.beatlesfacts.com /Wu_(linguistics) (565 words)

	Wu_(linguistics) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Wu (吳方言 pinyin wú fāng yán; 吳語 pinyin wú yǔ) is one of the major divisions of the Chinese language.
		Wu dialects are notable among Chinese languages in having kept voiced consonants, such as /b/, /d/, /g/, /z/, /v/, etc. (These may in fact be better described as voiceless consonants that create a voiced breathy element across the syllable: i.e.
		Of Wu Chinese(江南雅音话吴语) (http://sinolect.org/wu-dialect/) - Introduction, statistical data, vocal records, dialectmaps and literature datum of Wu.
	www.tuxedo-shop.com /search.php?title=Wu_(linguistics) (465 words)

	[Wikipedia-l] Individual Wikipedias for different Sinitic vernaculars (Cantonese debate) - update
		But I have never seen any books written in the Wu dialect in my entire life, and I have only heard of one book that was written in Wu in the 1930s, and apparently it received very limited attention.
		Speakers of the different dialects can pronounce each characters in very different ways (A Wu speaker can hardly understand Cantonese or Min-nan, and vice versa), they all have the same grammar and similar ways of expression, after thousands years of cultural integration within the unified country.
		Interestingly also Mark seem to neglect the fact that really no native speakers of all these dialects support the proposal, knowing that it is a totally unworkable proposal.
	mail.wikipedia.org /pipermail/wikipedia-l/2005-January/037015.html (377 words)

	AsiaFinest Discussion Forum -> Sites Specifically Promoting Shanghainess (Wu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Shanghainess (Wu) cultural awareness and identity have been brought back by Shanghainess and other Wu-speaking Chinese from abroad as well as by contact with Mandarin-rivaling Cantonese culture.
		Shanghainese 上海話 is a dialect of Wu Chinese 吳語 or 吳方言, which has 77 million native speakers, making it the second largest Chinese language (hereafter termed regionalect) after Mandarin Chinese (Cantonese ranks as third with 71 million worldwide).
		However, Shanghainese and other Wu dialects have been facing a slow and silent decline in the face of the vast dominance of Mandarin in Chinese society over the past fifty years.
	www.asiafinest.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=16295 (1098 words)

	M. Chan's C785: Modern Chin. Dialects (Sp 94)
		This course investigates the phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax of several major Chinese dialects from a cross-dialectal, comparative approach.
		Students are also encouraged to provide additional dialect data for class discussion of the readings.
		Each student is also expected to submit: (1) a short reaction paper (circa 5 double-spaced typed pages), and (2) an oral and written version of a squib (circa 5 double-spaced pages) on a topic or problem relevant to the course.
	people.cohums.ohio-state.edu /chan9/c785-s94.htm (425 words)

	Cantonese_(linguistics) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Guangzhou dialect is the lingua franca of not just Guangdong province, but also the overseas Cantonese diaspora, spoken by about 70 million Cantonese worldwide, rivalled overseas only by the 40 million speakers of Hokkien, many of whom are located throughout Southeast Asia.
		The Guangzhou dialect is also spoken in Hong Kong, a financial and cultural capital of southern China.
		In addition to the Guangzhou dialect, the Taishan dialect, one of the sei yap or siyi (四邑) dialects that come from Guangdong counties where a majority of Exclusion-era Cantonese-Chinese immigrants emigrated, continues to be spoken both by recent immigrants from Southern China and even by third-generation Chinese Americans of Cantonese ancestry alike.
	www.apawn.com /search.php?title=Cantonese_(linguistics) (2153 words)

	Shanghainese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Shanghainese is part of the Wu dialect family, one of the five dialect groups into which Chinese can be divided (the others are northern Chinese including Mandarin, Cantonese, the Fujian dialects and Hakka / Kejia).
		The Wu dialect covers a vast area of eastern Chinese - the whole extended Yangtse River delta - and includes lots of variations in even the most basic words, like I, we, you.
		There is quite a lot of classical opera-type culture in the Wu dialect - there's "Huju" - Shanghainese opera, and pingtan - the story-telling / singing of Suzhou.
	www.earnshaw.com /past_version/earnshaw9602/sanghe.htm (2305 words)

	phorum - Chinese Culture Forum at Asiawind - Re: Mondlango and Protecting the Diversity of Languages
		one of the language is the zhejiang or wu dialect.
		These people are not born speaking Mandarin; they learn Mandarin in schools because Wu is not encouraged by PRC (unlike Cantonese, there is not a single Wu-dialect TV station; nor has any developments been made into devising a more suitable script or set of characters for Wu).
		Yes, because of only Mandarin education (and the lack of a suitable script for Wu), more and more Mandarin vocabulary has entered Shanghainese, but the dialect has not turned into Mandarin; it is still unintelligible to a native-Mandarin speaker.
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=2&i=2613&t=2510 (378 words)

	Vita for R. VanNess Simmons
		"The Dialect of Longjiing (Uengjiashan) and the Grey Area Between Mandarin and Wu Dialects." Presented at the 28th International Conference on Sino-Tibetan Languages and Linguistics in Charlottesville, Virginia, October 6-10, 1995.
		The research undertaken with this fellowship focuses on Mandarin and Wu dialects in the Yangtze valley region of China, and was done in the Summers of 1995 and 1996.
		Dialect fieldwork focusing on Mandarin and Wu dialects in the Yangtze Valley region of China, under the auspices of the National Program for Advanced Study and Research in China of the Committee on Scholarly Communication with China and in affiliation with the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing, Summers 1995 and 1996.
	www.rci.rutgers.edu /~rsimmon/VitaRVS.htm (4232 words)

	Thomas P.M. Barnett :: Weblog: There is no such thing as "Chinese"
		Most speak 3-4 dialects and some as many as six, which tend to be as distinct from one another than French is from English.
		Wu, a dialect spoken in Shanghai, shares only about one-third of Mandarin's lexicon, which is about the same as French and English.
		Beijing pushes to have Mandarin adopted by all, but hey, Beijing's even got a fairly distinct dialect-not just an accent like New Yawk, but a dialect reasonably distinct from the as many as 1,500 dialects in use across China.
	www.thomaspmbarnett.com /weblog/archives2/002054.html (246 words)

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