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Topic: Wuchereria bancrofti

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	Wuchereria bancrofti
		bancrofti is distributed throughout the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, China, the Pacific and isolated locations in the Americas.
		The microfilariae of W. bancrofti can be identified in blood smears by their sheath, size (280 x 7 micrometers), and the anterior V spot near the head and posterior V spot near the tail (picture taken from Peters and Gilles 1991).
		bancrofti infections these enlargements are usually unilateral and the incapacitating deformities often require radical surgery to remove the surplus fibrous and calcified tissues.
	maven.smith.edu /~sawlab/fgn/pnb/wuchban.html (554 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Experimental infection of Anopheles gambiae and Culex pipiens fatigans with Wuchereria bancrofti in Coastal Africa.
		Studies on filariasis in Malaya: field and laboratory investigations of the vectors of a rural strain of Wuchereria bancrofti.
		On the inheritance of susceptibility for infection with Wuchereria bancrofti in Culex pipiens fatigans.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc97007 (1985 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		This study reports on the relationship between Wuchereria bancrofti infection and female body size, intake of blood and fecundity in the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus, vector of this filarial parasite in Recife (Brazil).
		Bloodmeal microfilariae density and the uptake and establishment of Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti.
		Effect of Wuchereria bancrofti Cobbold infection on the biological activities of Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae) in Egypt.
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc03058 (4062 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 92
		The lymphatic filariae Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi reside in lymphatics.
		Wuchereria bancrofti is prevalent in many parts of the tropics and subtropics.
		In contrast to W bancrofti, which is transmitted by mosquitoes of the three major genera, the principal mosquito vectors of B malayi belong to the genus Mansonia.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch092.htm (3588 words)

	Co
		Wuchereria bancrofti is a nematode causing lymphatic filariasis throughout the tropics and subtropics and is transmitted by the mosquito.
		Wuchereria bancrofti, the filarial nematode known to cause the disfiguring disease, elephantiasis, in man.
		Wuchereria bancrofti, genital involvement, hydrocele and chyluria are rare.
	www.soton.ac.uk /~ceb/Diagnosis/Vol10.htm (2370 words)

	Tropical Medicine Central Resource
		Although the campaign has changed these figures locally, they are an indication of the extent of the disease and reflect the situation in many other parts of the world.
		Wuchereria bancrofti is found in East, Central, and West Africa, on the coast of Central and South America, in some of the Caribbean islands, in India, Bangladesh, Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia, as well as other parts of Asia, Melanesia, Samoa, and the neighboring islands.
		bancrofti is nocturnal, increasing in the evening to reach a maximum between midnight and 4 a.
	tmcr.usuhs.mil /tmcr/chapter26/geography.htm (538 words)

	Lymphatic filariasis
		Lymphatic filariasis is transmitted by mosquitoes and is caused by two closely related nematodes, Wucheria bancrofti and Brugia malayi.
		In Bancroftian filariasis (caused by Wucheria bancrofti) the mature female worm measures up to 10 cm in length and 3 mm in width, whereas the male is only about one third this size.
		Localisation and distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti antigens recognised by antisera from tropical pulmonary eosinophilia and from individuals with intestinal helminths.
	www.histopathology-india.net /Fila.htm (1184 words)

	Lymphatic Filariasis Facts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Filariasis is caused by three types of parasitic worms: Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori.
		Wuchereria bancrofti, the most common filariasis parasite, is found in Africa, India, Southeast Asia, the Pacific islands, the Caribbean, and South America.
		The most widespread is Wuchereria bancrofti, which affects about 100 million people in Africa, India, Southeast Asia, the Pacific islands, South America, and the Caribbean.
	www.astdhpphe.org /infect/Lymphfil.html (671 words)

	Wuchereria bancrofti - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic filarial nematode worm spread by a mosquito vector.
		bancrofti displays a large size gap between the male and female—a difference known as sexual dimorphism.
		The adult male worm is long and slender, between four and five centimeters in length, a tenth of a centimeter in diameter, and features a curved tail.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wuchereria_bancrofti (506 words)

	Influence of Maternal Filariasis on Childhood Infection and Immunity to Wuchereria bancrofti in Kenya -- Malhotra et ...
		Influence of Maternal Filariasis on Childhood Infection and Immunity to Wuchereria bancrofti in Kenya -- Malhotra et al.
		Influence of Maternal Filariasis on Childhood Infection and Immunity to Wuchereria bancrofti in Kenya
		Investigation of the influence of maternal infection with Wuchereria bancrofti on the humoral and cellular responses of neonates to filarial antigens.
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/full/71/9/5231 (4113 words)

	vgn-ext-hidden_PubMed
		Isolation of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae from archived stained blood slides for use in genetic studies and amplification of parasite and endosymbiont genes.
		Information on change in genetic diversity of Wuchereria bancrofti is important in view of the launching of the Global Lymphatic Filariasis Elimination Programme, as it may have important consequences on the control operations and on the potential resurgence after their withdrawal.
		The method was found to be efficient in purifying mf from the dried smears and the DNA of the parasite found to be useful in studying the genetic structure of Wuchereria bancrofti populations using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR and for amplifying genes of the parasite and its endosymbiont, Wolbachia sp.
	www.plwc.org /portal/site/ASCO/menuitem.a3fb42726842a82627c4c291ee37a01d/?vgnextoid=d70b3608f9958010VgnVCM100000f2730ad1RCRD&index=n&pmid=16860767 (258 words)

	Mahidol University Annual Research Abstracts
		The detection of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae in populations of risk communities is essentially important for disease surveillance and monitoring the effectiveness of control programmes.
		The ICT Filariasis, a rapid card test format, which is based on qualitative detection by monoclonal antibody of the circulating antigen of Wuchereria bancrofti adult worm, is a new diagnostic test of choice for determining the infections under field conditions.
		bancrofti non-endemic subjects either with Brugia malayi microfilaremia or with other parasites, and those from normal controls were all negative by the test.
	www.mahidol.ac.th /abstracts/annual2000/0201.htm (857 words)

	Evaluation of a PCR-ELISA to detect Wuchereria bancrofti in Culex pipiens from an Egyptian village with a low ...
		Evaluation of a PCR-ELISA to detect Wuchereria bancrofti in Culex pipiens from an Egyptian village with a low prevalence of filariasis.
		The minimum prevalence of W. bancrofti infection in the mosquitoes caught (assuming one infected mosquito/positive pool) was 2.8%.
		The latter assay is recommended for the routine examination, in laboratories in endemic areas, of mosquito pools from randomly selected houses, as the ELISA component of the PCR-ELISA is exceedingly time-consuming, expensive and requires special equipment.
	www.egeinfonet.i8.com /pub/2001/38.html (323 words)

	eMedicine - Hydrocele, Filarial : Article Excerpt by: Rizk El-Galley, MD
		Lymphatic filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by filarial worms Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi.
		The prevalence of the infection continues to increase in endemic areas.
		W bancrofti adults have a predilection for periaortic, iliac, inguinal, and intrascrotal lymph vessels.
	www.emedicine.com /med/byname/hydrocele-filarial.htm (585 words)

	LYMPHEDEMA LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS
		The thread-like, parasitic filarial worms Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi that cause lymphatic filariasis live almost exclusively in humans.
		bancrofti and analyzes the immune response to this parasite in infected individuals.
		Pani SP, Subramanyam Reddy G, Das LK, Vanamail P, Hoti SL, Ramesh J, Das PK: Tolerability and efficacy of single dose albendazole, diethylcarbamazine (DEC) or co-administration of albendazole with DEC in the clearance of Wuchereria bancrofti in asymptomatic microfilaraemic volunteers in Pondicherry, South India: a hospital-based study.
	www.lymphedemapeople.com /thesite/lymphedema_lymphatic_filariasis.htm (7439 words)

	Filariasis
		Filariasis is an infectious tropical disease caused by the round worm parasites Wuchereria bancrofti or Brugia malayi.
		It is characterized by swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy) and chronic lymphatic obstruction.
		Filariasis is a rare infectious tropical disorder caused by the round worm parasites (nematode) Wuchereria bancrofti or Brigia malayi.
	hw.healthdialog.com /kbase/nord/nord116.htm (1333 words)

	IMMAGINI (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The microfilaria is sheathed, its body is gently curved, and the tail is tapered to a point.
		The nuclear column (the cells that constitute the body of the microfilaria) is loosely packed, the nuclei can be visualized individually and do not extend to the tip of the tail.
		Differently from Wuchereria, the microfilariae in this species are more tightly coiled, and the nuclear column is more tightly packed, preventing the visualization of individual cells.
	www.chirurgiatoracica.org /immagini6.htm (484 words)

	filariasis
		Bancroftian filariasis is caused by the nematode Wuchereria bancrofti, transmitted by Anopheline mosquitos, and occurs in much of the tropical and subtropical world (except western South America and Northern Australia) between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.
		Polymerase chain reaction-based assays are available for the presence of W. bancrofti and B. malayi in blood and sputum.
		Diagnosis: See Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi infections above; the presence of a worm in the eye is diagnostic.
	www3.baylor.edu /~Charles_Kemp/filariasis.htm (1204 words)

	Antibiotics help combat dangerous tropical disease
		Adult wuchereria worms have a lifespan of up to five years.
		'Due to the long lifespan of the wuchereria worms, therapy lasts several years, during which time the symptoms continue to persist.' What is more, the drugs may cause severe side-effects.
		Yet the threadworm, too, has a sub-tenant, and this may be its Achilles heel, since in each wuchereria worm there are specific bacteria which are absolutely indispensable to the parasite's survival.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-06/uob-ahc062405.php (655 words)

	Bloodmeal Microfilariae Density and the Uptake and Establishment of Wuchereria bancrofti Infections in Culex ...
		Here we assess the role of these factors in determining the competence of a natural vector Culex quinquefasciatus and a non vector Aedes aegypti to transmit Wuchereria bancrofti.
		We conclude that in these conditions physiological factors governing parasite development in the thorax may be more important in limiting vectorial competence than the density of mf ingested.
		It has been suggested that the relationship between the density of microfilariae (mf) in human blood, the ingestion of mf and production of L3 larvae is an important determinant of transmission dynamics of lymphatic filariasis (Brito et al.
	memorias.ioc.fiocruz.br /945/3749.html (655 words)

	Entomology at Clemson University
		Wuchereria bancrofti (Cobbold) (Nematoda: Filariidae) is one of the mosquito-transmitted parasites which cause lymphatic filariasis, in particular, Bancroftian filariasis.
		bancrofti in Charleston, such as the timing of appearance, mode of introduction, and prevalence of infection, remain speculative and contribute to its diminution in Charleston history.
		The study of filariasis in Charleston has produced a valuable model of the conditions needed for the invasion and establishment of an exotic, arthropod-borne disease, a useful tool for preventing future incursions in South Carolina and throughout the rest of the world.
	entweb.clemson.edu (417 words)

	Specialty Laboratories ::: we help doctors help patients
		bancrofti antibodies to Og4C3 and related circulating filarial antigens are sensitive and specific compared to EIA, are more sensitive than microscopy and are very useful in the field.
		Sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in urine samples.
		Clinical characteristics of post-treatment reactions to ivermectin/albendazole for Wuchereria bancrofti in a region co-endemic for Mansonella perstans.
	www.specialtylabs.com /books/display.asp?id=189 (780 words)

	Filaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		However, at least two of the species infecting humans, Wuchereria bancrofti and Onchocerca volvulus, have no animal reservoirs, and know animal model system, which makes them particularly difficult to study.
		bancrofti, except it is a zoonosis, infecting other animals as well as humans.
		With this parasite, depending on factors such as vector species, host range, ecosystem and geographical location the periodicity is less well defined and is known as subperiodic.
	martin.parasitology.mcgill.ca /jimspage/biol/filaria.htm (1193 words)

	Filarial antigen in circulating immune complexes from patients with Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Filarial antigen in circulating immune complexes from patients with Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis
		Control sera used for defining the specificity of the assay included sera with immune complexes not related to parasite infection with and without free parasite antigen added prior to polyethylene glycol precipitation as well as sera from normal individuals.
		Filarial antigen was detected in the circulating immune complexes from 10 of 28 patients with bancroftian filariasis residing in either the Cook Islands (subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti) or in India (periodic W.
	www.trc-chennai.org /Publications/pub393.htm (195 words)

	Test strip detection of Wuchereria bancrofti amplified DNA in wild-caught Culex pipiens and estimation of infection ...
		Test strip detection of Wuchereria bancrofti amplified DNA in wild-caught Culex pipiens and estimation of infection rate by a PoolScreen algorithm.
		Improved simple methods are needed for monitoring Wuchereria bancrofti infection in the mosquito vector and thereby the success of elimination programmes.
		Because it is faster and safer, the PCR test strip is a practical tool, especially when combined with the PoolScreen algorithm method, for xenomonitoring the success of elimination programmes.
	www.egeinfonet.i8.com /pub/2004/1.html (254 words)

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