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	Human Intelligence: Wilhelm Wundt
		Wundt's revolutionary approach to psychological experimentation moved psychological study from the domain of philosophy and the natural sciences and began to utilize physiological experimental techniques in the laboratory.
		To Wundt, the essence of all total adjustments of the organism was a psychophysical process, an organic response mediated by both the physiological and the psychological.
		Wundt perceived psychology as part of an elaborate philosophy where mind is seen as an activity, not a substance.
	www.indiana.edu /~intell/wundt.shtml (570 words)

	Wilhelm Wundt and William James
		Wilhelm Wundt was born in the village of Neckerau in Baden, Germany on August 16, 1832.
		Wundt was known to everyone as a quiet, hard-working, and very methodical researcher, as well as a very good lecturer.
		Wundt suggesteed that the fundamental unit of language is the sentence -- not the word or the sound.
	webspace.ship.edu /cgboer/wundtjames.html (4865 words)

	Pioneers of Psychology [2001 Tour] - School of Education & Psychology
		Wundt was seeking to study, not the relation of the body and mind, but, instead, the relation between sensation on the one hand and theprocess of psychological judgment on the other.
		Wundt recognized that conscious contents are fleeting and in continual flux;8 he therefore laid down explicit rules for proper use of the introspective method:" (1) The observer, if at all possible, must be in a position to determine when the process is to be introduced.
		To Wundt, mankind shows development through a series of successive levels with primitive man as the lowest grade of culture, moving on to the totemic age, thence to the age of heroes and gods, and, finally, the age in which we are now living, that of the advance toward humanity.
	educ.southern.edu /tour/who/pioneers/wundt.html (6077 words)

	homepage klaus sachs-hombach (Site not responding. Last check: )
		wilhelm wundts "grundzüge der physiologischen psychologie" (1874) gelten als wegweisendes werk in der geschichte der wissenschaftlichen psychologie.
		contrary to wundt's later work, the "völkerpsychologie", it is regarded as the prelude to the experimental method in psychology.
		wundt's psychology is assessed as an attempt to develope an integral theory of rationality which links together mechanical and romantic thoughts.
	isgnw.cs.uni-magdeburg.de /~ksh/artikel/wundtabstract.html (272 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Wilhelm Max Wundt (August 16, 1832-August 31, 1920), German physiologist and psychologist, is generally acknowledged as the founder of experimental psychology.
		Wundt subscribed to a "psycho-physical parallelism", which was supposed to stand above both materialism and idealism.
		It was during this period that Wundt offered the first course ever taught in scientific psychology, stressing the use of experimental methods drawn from the natural sciences.
	wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/w/wi/wilhelm_wundt.html (378 words)

	Wilhelm Wundt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Wundt combined philosophical introspection with techniques and laboratory apparatuses brought over from his physiological studies with Helmholtz, as well as many of his own design.
		The methods Wundt used are still used in modern psychophysical work, where reactions to systematic presentations of well-defined external stimuli are measured in some way--reaction time, reactions, comparison with graded colors or sounds, and so forth.
		Wundt was born August 16, 1832 at Neckarau, in Baden - The fourth child to parents Maximilian Wundt (a Lutheran minister), and his wife Marie Frederike.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wilhelm_Wundt (956 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Wilhelm Wundt (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Wundt subscribed to a "psychophysical parallelism" (which entirely excludes the possibility of a mind-body/cause-effect relationship), which was supposed to stand above both materialism and idealism.
		Wundt was born August 16, 1832 at Neckarau, in Baden.
		Titchener, a two-year resident of Wundt's lab and one of Wundt's most vocal "proponents" in the United States, is responsible for several English translations and mistranslations of Wundt's works that supported his own views and approach, which he termed structuralism and claimed was wholly consistent with Wundt's position.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Wilhelm_Wundt (777 words)

	[No title]
		Wundt is sometimes caricatured in the history of psychology as a staunch defender of the infallibility of the introspective method.
		Wundt describes an experiment in which subjects are exposed to random letters for a fraction of a second.
		Wundt does not conclude that because we have set up an experiment to measure experimental "things" we call "ideas" that we have actually measured the properties of these things or that these postulated entities actually exist in precisely the manner that allows their precise experimental measurement.
	www.gis.net /~tbirch/foundwundt.htm (1560 words)

	Wilhelm Wundt
		Wundt was able to return to a form of psychophysics mainly developed by Gustav Fechner (1801-1887), and investigated the relationships between the measurable phenomena of the physical world and their experienced (psychic) image — i.e.
		Wundt involved himself exhaustively with colours and actually designed two systems, both of which were conceived out of the principle of opposition (which can also be derived from the polar attributes of the empirical world such as excitement and calm, or well-being and pain).
		Wundt also noted that "if this representation of a sphere is random, inasmuch that instead of it another embodiment with similar properties can be selected, the psychological fact that the entire system of light sensations is a three dimensional and self-contained continuum will still be vividly expressed within".
	www.colorsystem.com /projekte/engl/23wune.htm (1134 words)

	The First Psychologists (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1862 Wundt offered the first academic course in psychology and established the first laboratory for experimental psychology in Leipzig in 1879 and the first journal in 1881.
		Wundt was interested in motivation - voluntarism emphasized the mind's ability to adjust to circumstance, thereby rejected the level of determinism in Darwin's theory of evolution.
		Because they were unconscious, Wundt felt that only a historical approach, that examined mental events after the fact could be used to examine higher mental processes.
	www.candleinthedark.com /wundt.html (429 words)

	Mind, Brain, and the Experimental Psychology of Consciousness
		Wundt [see figure 39] was born at Neckarau, in the vicinity of Mannheim and received his early education at the hands of a private tutor and at the Bruchsal Gymnasium.
		On the 24th of March, 1879, however, Wundt submitted a petition to the Royal Saxon Ministry of Education in which he formally requested a regular financial allocation for the establishment and support of a collection of psychophysical apparatus.
		Experimental psychology, born with Fechner, nurtured by Helmholtz and Donders, was to be raised by Wundt.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /Mind/Consciousness.html (2355 words)

	Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Wundt's interest, both to scholars of the history of philosophy and to contemporary philosophers of mind, flows ultimately from the definition, methodology, and “metaphysics” of this physiological psychology.
		Wundt however is crystal-clear that the PPP is not a metaphysical “hypothesis.” It is merely an admittedly misleading name for an “empirical postulate” necessary to explain the phenomenal “fact” of consciousness of which we are immediately aware (Wundt, 1911a: 22).
		Wundt calls this side of philosophy Prinzipienlehre or “doctrine of principles.” By contrast, its negative or critical role is to regulate the sciences in accord with the imperative of consistent systematicity.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/wilhelm-wundt (9061 words)

	Wilhelm Wundt Psychology 1 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Wundt did not discover psychology, as that distinction does not go to one person but belongs to the individual efforts of many.
		What Wundt is credited with doing is founding psychology, or in other words he made psychology a true science.
		Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt was born on August 16, 1832 in the town of Neckarau in Germany.
	wilhelmwundt.com (185 words)

	George Herbert Mead: "A Translation of Wundt's Folk Psychology" (Site not responding. Last check: )
		With a like assurance Wundt derives the beginnings of forms of decorations from the rhythmic repetition of geometric forms, which are later identified with animal and vegetable forms, an explanation of the beginnings of plastic art that is by no means generally accepted, nor does the author give convincing grounds for its acceptance.
		Wundt calls attention to the frequency of these among totem animals, and assumes that totem belief originates with these animal forms and is only later transferred to other animals, plants, and even inanimate things, through men's attention being for various reasons centered upon them.
		Wundt recognizes that this appearance is dependent on the more highly organized form of society, which gives rise to the state, but the psychological explanation of this is insecure and inadequate.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Mead/pubs/Mead_1919c.html (1255 words)

	Wilhelm Max Wundt
		Wundt is often referred to as the "Father of Experimental Psychology" and the "Founder of Modern Psychology." He was one of the founders of Folk Psychology and was probably the greatest psychologist of his time.
		Wundt's revolutionary approach to psychological experimentation moved psychological study from the domain of philosophy and the natural sciences and began to utilize physiological experimental techniques in the laboratory.
		Wundt employed a method of introspection in his science that after the early 1920s was rejected as a tool of psychological experimentation.
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/0816almanac.htm (481 words)

	Wilhelm Wundt and William James
		Wilhelm Wundt was born in the village of Neckerau in Baden, Germany on August 16, 1832.
		Wundt was known to everyone as a quiet, hard-working, and very methodical researcher, as well as a very good lecturer.
		Wundt suggesteed that the fundamental unit of language is the sentence -- not the word or the sound.
	www.ship.edu /~cgboeree/wundtjames.html (4865 words)

	[No title]
		Wundt started his scientific career as a physician; by 1858 he had become a research assistant in Helmholtz's Heidelberg laboratory.
		Wundt's science of psychology might be said to be the product of a marriage between British empiricism and German physiology (Boring's metaphor).
		In 1879 Wundt founded the first psychology laboratory; and this date is most often cited at Psyhology's birthday as a science.
	acsweb.ucis.dal.ca /psych3130/Lecture_notes/sept_11.html (600 words)

	J. R. Kantor
		Wundt's achievement is discussed in the light of the scientific situation in 19th Century Germany and from the standpoint of a Naturalistic Science of Psychology.
		Moreover, Wundt's achievement in a unique way symbolizes a correction of the common view of psychological history that organismic behavior is not entirely naturalistic, nor does it detract from Wundt's achievement that the development of laboratory study in psychology seemed to occur as a matter of course.
		So far was Wundt from authentic psychological science as not to respect the basic rule that science is an endeavor to discover the nature of confrontable events in their evolution and in their interaction with other events as conditions and variations.
	web.utk.edu /~wverplan/kantor/wundt.html (4635 words)

	MITECS: Wundt, Wilhelm
		Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) was born in Neckarau, Germany, the son of a Protestant minister.
		Wundt distinguished between acceptable self-observation (e.g., "press a button when the identity of a word just briefly flashed before you comes clearly to mind") and unacceptable INTROSPECTION (e.g., "What do you think went on in your mind just before you pressed the button?"), a distinction stressed by Blumenthal (1980) and Danziger (1980).
		Wundt's books included works on LOGIC and ethics as well as psychology, and his final years were devoted to his multivolume Völkerpsychologie (The Psychology of Peoples).
	rm-f.net /~pennywis/MITECS/Articles/murray.html (769 words)

	Narrative Psychology: Wilhelm Wundt (Theorists)
		Wundt was born in Neckarau near Mannheim (Baden) in southwest Germany on August 16, 1832.
		Wundt gathers together a far-ranging collection of data--mostly drawn from ethnographic studies conducted by social scientist throughout the 19th century--which serve to portray the developmental stages expressed across diverse human cultures and to provide an understanding of the cultural influences exerted upon individuals within particular national communities.
		Wundt's sensitivity to the role of language, in particular, as a entry point to understand social and cultural behavior anticipated what some 20th century psychologists and psycholinguists would begin to examine from other perspectives several decades later (e.g., Vygotsky).
	web.lemoyne.edu /~hevern/nr-theorists/wundt_wilhelm.html (1722 words)

	Key Theorists/Theories in Psychology - WILHELM WUNDT
		Wundt stressed the use of scientific methods in psychology, particularly through the use of introspection.
		“Wundt is the founder because he wedded physiology and philosophy and made the resulting offspring independent.
		A New Science is Born: Contributions from Wundt and Hall (at University N. Brunswick)
	www.psy.pdx.edu /PsiCafe/KeyTheorists/Wundt.htm (265 words)

	European Traces of the History of Psychology: Paul Broca
		Wundt was born in 1832 in Neckerau, Germany, and died in 1920 in Grossbothen, near Leipzig.
		Wundt was of normal height, as indicated by the length of his leather-handled walking stick, visible in my right hand.
		Wundt is buried in Südfriedhof (South Cemetery), some distance southeast of the city center.
	mysite.verizon.net /donrae19/wundt.htm (983 words)

	George Herbert Mead: The Imagination in Wundt's Treatment of Myth and Religion (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Wundt's fundamental position is that the mental processes, which have given rise to myths and the constructive art that has embodied them, are quite identical with the immediate processes of sense-perception as they have existed among primitive peoples, as they exist among such peoples to-day, and as they exist in the most reflective communities.
		And the specific task which Wundt undertakes is that of so analyzing impression, association, and apperception that we shall see only a difference in degree between our affective presentations of natural objects and the personifications thereof by more primitive men.
		In this sense Wundt analyzes the imagination as it appears in spatial perception, in temporal perception, in the contents of its images, in childhood, and finally in art.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Mead/pubs/Mead_1906b.html (2229 words)

	Wundt, Wilhelm Max (1832-1920) Encyclopedia of Psychology - Find Articles
		Wilhelm Wundt was born on August 16, 1832, in Baden, in a suburb of Mannheim called Neckarau.
		Wundt attended the Gymnasium at Bruschel and at Heidelberg, the University of Tübingen for a year, then Heidelberg for more than three years, receiving a medical degree in 1856.
		During the period from 1857 to 1874, Wundt evolved from a physiologist to a psychologist.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_g2699/is_0006/ai_2699000657 (630 words)

	Wilhelm Wundt (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) was a structuralist in the field of Psychology and worked in the physician department where he worked on muscle movement and went on to contribute to the theory of sensory perception.
		Wundt believed that the mind was the most important aspect of Psychology and viewed it as the sensory process and the fundamental part of a person's behaviour.
		Wundt also believes and states that unlike natural science which can be measured without any instruments and does not need to be measured.
	www.psy.dmu.ac.uk /cgi-bin/412/9900psyc1011.pl?read=182 (1114 words)

	WILHELM WUNDT
		Wundt saw psychology as more of a separation from physiology than from philosophy, which has how it was commonly perceived.
		Wundt's use of the word physiologischen, or physiological, misled some historians because in the mid 1800s Germany, this term referred to the experimental treatment of subject matter and not to physiology as we know it today.
		Wundt thought that although experimental methods were important and necessary in the study of psychology, it could not be the only method of investigation.
	www3.niu.edu /acad/psych/Millis/History/2002/wundt.htm (877 words)

	Wilhelm Wundt on Judgement (Site not responding. Last check: )
		While Wundt’s motives are to be admired (…and despite his historical significance), I'll conclude that his attempt to be true to the physiological roots of the psychology of judgment while still respecting its ultimate independence vis-à-vis logic was a failure.
		For Wundt, then, the idea of a complex syntax that is used to combine simpler elements into statements that transcend mere association (e.g., a system of logic) makes sense only as an act of the will and only in the context of a social world.
		While Wundt may have failed in his larger goal, his experimental methods have nonetheless become part of the warp and weft of modern psychology, and his awareness of the tension between judgment properly construed and associationism is instructive.
	philosophy.ucsd.edu /courses/fall99/secret/phil207wundt.html (2612 words)

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