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Topic: Wych elm

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	Wych Elm Project \| Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In the summer of 2003 a large wych elm, well known to regular visitors to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, was felled because it had become a danger to the public.
		Elms are rapidly disappearing from Edinburgh’s streets and parks due to dutch elm disease and the project aims to highlight the unique value of this tree and the timber it provides.
		Wych elm, also known as Scotch elm, is particularly valuable as the only elm native to Britain and one of only 20 trees native to Scotland.
	www.wychelmproject.org (217 words)

	Elm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Elms are deciduous trees of the genus Ulmus, family Ulmaceae.
		There are between 20 to 45 species of elm; the ambiguity in the number is a result of difficult species delimitations in elms, due to the ease of hybridisation between them and the development of local seed-sterile vegetatively-propagated microspecies in some areas, mainly in the field elm group.
		In Australia, introduced elm trees are sometimes used as food plants by the larvae of hepialid moths of the genus Aenetus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Elm (815 words)

	elm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Elms are trees of the Genus Ulmus, Family Ulmaceae.
		From ca 1850 to 1920 the most prized small specimen elm was the Camperdown Elm, a contorted weeping cultivar of the Wych Elm, Ulmus glabra 'Camperdown', grafted on a standard Wych elm trunk to give a wide, spreading and weeping fountain shape in large garden spaces.
		This is a fungal disease that is borne by a vector, the elm-bark beetle.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Elm.html (540 words)

	Wych Elm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Wych Elm (Ulmus glabra) is a large tree native to most of Europe, and in Britain, and was the by far the most common elm in the north and west of the country prior to the outbreak of Dutch elm disease to which it is very susceptible.
		The resultant population decline was extreme and the Wych elm is now uncommon over much of its range.
		The word wych has its origins in Middle English wiche, from the Old English wice, meaning pliant or bendable, and which also gives us wicker and weak.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wych_Elm (247 words)

	botanical.com - A Modern Herbal \| Elm, Common - Herb Profile and Information
		Elm wood is used for keels and bilge planks, the blocks and dead eyes of rigging and ship's pumps, for coffins, wheels, furniture, turned articles and general carpenter's work.
		Elm boards are largely used for lining the interior of carts, wagons and wheelbarrows on account of the extreme toughness of the wood, and it has been much employed in the past for making sheds, most of the existing farm buildings being covered with elm.
		Moreover, the Common Elm has a profuse undergrowth of young shoots round the base of the trunk and few are to be seen round that of the Wych Elm.
	www.botanical.com /botanical/mgmh/e/elmcom08.html (1349 words)

	Wych Elm -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The (A plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms) flowers appear before the leaves in early spring, produced in clusters of 10-20 together; they are 3-4 mm across on 1 cm long stems, have no petals and are wind-pollinated.
		The (The ripened reproductive body of a seed plant) fruit is a winged (A winged often one-seed indehiscent fruit as of the ash or elm or maple) samara 2 cm long and 1.5 cm broad, with a single round 6 mm (A small hard fruit) seed, maturing in late spring.
		The word wych has its origins in Middle English wiche, from the Old English wice, meaning pliant or bendable, and which also gives us (Work made of interlaced slender branches (especially willow branches)) wicker and weak.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/w/wy/wych_elm.htm (270 words)

	Guardians of the Wych Elm
		The Wych Elm trees are magical trees with the ability to draw magical power from the ground as they grow and store it in their wood.
		The first Wych Elm trees to grow in the Old World were brought as saplings from the High Elf realm of Avelorn during the reign of Bel-Shanaar.
		Thus it was that all the saplings withered and died, except for a handful who grew strong and endure to this age in the magical Wood Elf realm of Loren.
	members.tripod.com /~Troll_Slayer/unit_wychelm.html (989 words)

	Wych Elm, A Guide to the Native Trees of The Village of Euxton, Lancashire, England. Euxton dot com (TM)
		Wych Elm, A Guide to the Native Trees of The Village of Euxton, Lancashire, England.
		The Wych Elm is a large deciduous tree that is susceptible to Dutch Elm disease, because of this it is not planted any more.
		The Wych Elm’s timber is a strong, supple pale brown wood that is very prone to shake, but cannot be readily split which leads to particular uses.
	www.euxton.com /wychelm.htm (264 words)

	ELM FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In North America the main species used was the American Elm ''U. americana'', which has unique properties that made it ideal for such use; rapid growth, wide adaptation to a broad range of climates and soils, strong wood, resistant to wind damage, and vase-like growth habit requiring minimal pruning.
		In Europe, the Wych Elm ''U. glabra'' and the Smooth-leaved Elm ''U. carpinifolia'' were the most widely planted, with the former in northern areas (Scandinavia, northern Britain), and the latter further south.
		From about 1850 to 1920 the most prized small specimen elm was the Camperdown_Elm, a contorted weeping cultivar of the Wych Elm ''Ulmus glabra'' 'Camperdown', grafted on a standard Wych Elm trunk to give a wide, spreading and weeping fountain shape in large garden spaces.
	www.gottagetflowers.com /elm (781 words)

	T. Driscoll (Veneers) Ltd. - Elm Veneer
		Elm is basically a fairly difficult timber to work, tending to pick up during planing and moulding, and to bind on the saw.
		The wych elm attains a height of 30m to 38m and on favourable sites produces a bole of about 12m in length and a diameter up to 1.5m.
		Wych elm is similar to oak in most strength properties, and almost equal to ash in toughness.
	www.tdveneers.co.uk /elm.htm (725 words)

	icTeesside - Return of the Wych Elm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Wych elm wasn't even planted in new woods as it was thought it would only be killed off in the future.
		Wych elm can also be found in old hedgerows (such as by the Police Station on Ladgate Lane) and here and there in the beck valleys near Saltburn.
		Unlike the wych elm, it is unable to form suckers from its roots and so all you will find of it now is a dense patch of young trees, up to about thirty years old.
	icteesside.icnetwork.co.uk /0100news/greenbits/tm_objectid=14281399&method=full&siteid=50080&headline=return-of-the-wych-elm-name_page.html (713 words)

	AIE - TrunkLine - Elm
		The three dominant Elm species within the U.K were the Wych Elm (Ulmus glabra), the English Elm (Ulmus procera) and the Smooth Leaved Elm (Ulmus carpinifolia) with the Wych Elm being generally accepted as our native Elm.
		With the advent of forest clearance and the agricultural needs of man, the Elm declined and became, in the south, a field and hedgerow tree; the harsher farming conditions in the north allowed the forests of Wych Elm to survive.
		Elm was used throughout history as a source of fodder, fuel and as timber.
	www.aie.org.uk /trunkline/aie_tr_elm.html (662 words)

	How to identify wych elm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Following the last ice age, as woodland became the dominant form of vegetation, wych elm stood out as one of the success stories.
		Wych elm leaves are alternate, oval to elliptic and have a long pointed tip.
		The elm bark beetle (Scolytus multistriatus) tunnels under the bark of elm trees carrying with it a fungus - Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, which invades the tree.
	www.toof.org.uk /tree_and_shrub_information/wych_elm/wych_elm.html (337 words)

	wych elm definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		wych elm definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		wych elm (plural wych elms or wych elm) or witch elm (plural witch elms or witch elm)
		elm tree: an elm with prominently tipped leaves and clusters of winged green fruit.
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_1861714327/wych_elm.html (116 words)

	Elm tree
		In England, the Common Elm is most abundant to the south of the Trent, and in this district almost every neighborhood has its famous old Elm, celebrated for age and size, beside a roadside inn, or associated with the good Queer Bess or some other historic character.
		In the home-meadow of an old English grange the row of Elms will generally be clamorous with the hoarse voices of rooks, who are seen in spring deftly arranging the dead twigs of winter to form those homes which, when deserted, wave among the bare branches like blots upon the sky.
		In many agricultural counties the Elms may be seen trimmed, to a height of forty or fifty feet, of every bough, so that they resemble nothing in nature but an aged hollyhock or a gigantic Brussels-sprout.
	www.2020site.org /trees/elm.html (1561 words)

	Native Elm
		Wych Elm tends to have a straight grain which may include a green streak.
		The majority of Elm initially affected grew in the southern part of our country, where the English and Dutch species were predominant.
		Elm is now being re-planted in areas clear of the disease, sustaining this valuable species for the future.
	www.john-boddy-timber.ltd.uk /Pics/glossary_pages/native_elm_burr_f.html (603 words)

	Elms in Worcestershire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Wych Elm Ulmus glabra is a broad spreading tree, the trunk usually forks into a Y shape.
		Wych Elm produces a mass of viable seed with relatively young trees reach fruiting maturity.
		Wych Elm U. glabra is more tolerant of shady conditions and well adapted to northern climes where it is a major native component species of lowland mixed broad-leaved woodlands with Dog's Mercury (NVC W8) and lowland mixed broad-leaved woodlands with Bluebell (NVC WIO) in north-west England (Rodwell 1991).
	www.wbrc.org.uk /worcRecd/Vol1Iss3/elms.htm (1539 words)

	Hull LBAP : Elm Trees
		The English Elm is thought be native to Britain and was once a common species of wet woods, hedgerows and drain banks.
		The most common Elm species in Hull, prior to the Dutch Elm disease outbreak in the 1970s were Wych Elm, English Elm and Wheatley Elm (a cultivated form of the Smooth-leaved Elm).
		English Elm had a high population in the area but being perhaps most susceptible to disease due to its thick bark, was decimated in the 1970s and 1980s.
	www.hull.ac.uk /HBP/ActionPlan/Elm.htm (1004 words)

	Elm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		As in all elms, the base of the leaf extends further down the stalk on one side than the other, but in Wych Elm the long side crosses over the short stalk and hides it.
		Wych Elm is a common woodland tree, particularly in the north and west, and has shown considerable resistance to Dutch Elm disease.
		Wych derives from an old word for supple, referring to the twigs.
	www.roman-britain.org /chase/elm.htm (472 words)

	Ulmus glabra - Wych Elm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This is the most common of the native elm trees of Britain; however, in common with other Ulmus species its numbers have been decimated by Dutch elm disease - a fungus infection known to mycologists as Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, which belongs to the fungal class Ascomycetes - that entered Britain in the mid 1960s.
		Leaves of Ulmus glabra are generally broadest near the apex and have 12 to 18 pairs of veins that end in pointed teeth at the edge of the leaf.
		As with other elms, the upper side of the leaf is covered in stubbly bristles.
	www.first-nature.com /trees/ulmus_glabra.htm (97 words)

	Wych Elm : Keele University Arboretum
		Sadly, since the demise of our English Elms due to the fungus introduced into the galleries of the Elm Bark beetle, this is the only elm one is likely to come across in much of the country.
		Wych Elm too suffers from Elm disease but it has not been as bad as with the other species.
		Wych Elm has an association with two scarce insects that can be found at Keele - The White-letter Hairstreak butterfly and the Clouded Magpie Moth, the caterpillars of which feed on the leaves.
	www.keele.ac.uk /university/arboretum/trees/wych_elm.htm (257 words)

	Ulmus procera - English Elm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Before the devastation of Dutch Elm Disease, a fungal infection that wiped out most of the mature elm trees in Britain during the 1970s, the English Elm was a very common sight in Wales.
		The seeds of English Elm are set near the apex of the fruit, whereas those of the Wych Elm (Ulmus glabra) are more central.
		The leaves of Wych Elm are generally larger (typically 10 x 7cm) and rather darker than those of English Elm; they also have more pairs of veins - 12 to 18 compared with 8 to 12 for English Elm.
	www.first-nature.com /trees/ulmus_procera.htm (160 words)

	Wych Elm Tree
		The Wych Elm grows more rapidly than the Common Elm, and its wood is consequently far inferior in hardness and compactness, besides being more liable to split.
		Many of the Elms near Kensington Palace belong to this variety; but except for its handsomely-furrowed bark and rapid growth, it has not much to specially recommend it, as its rapidity of development renders it liable to the defect known as "star-shake," which makes it less fit for boat-building or other uses.
		All these forms are classed as Wych Elms, from the seed-cavity in their samaras being below the centre, and several of them are worth consideration by the tree-planter.
	www.2020site.org /trees/wychelm-tree.html (1454 words)

	Slippery Elm - Herbal Index - herbindex.net
		Although similar to American Elm in general appearance, it is more closely related to the European Wych Elm, sharing very similar flower structure with that species.
		The Slippery Elm is a deciduous tree reaching 10-20 m tall and 50 cm trunk diameter.
		Slippery Elm may be distinguished from American Elm by the hairiness of the buds and twigs (American Elm has smooth buds and twigs), and by the flowers being very short-stalked.
	www.herbindex.net /slippery_elm.html (434 words)

	Elms in Worcestershire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Elms are a complex and difficult group and await DNA fingerprinting.
		In spite of the ravages of Dutch Elm Disease it is probably found within most 1 km2 in the county.
		It is described by Mitchell as an elm with a regular tall domed crown with a straight clean bole.
	www.wbrc.org.uk /WorcRecd/Issue9/elmWorc.htm (1794 words)

	Ulmus glabra :: Flora of Northern Ireland web site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Wych elm is the only species of elm which is native to Ireland.
		All species of elms are affected by Dutch elm disease (so-called because the details of the life-history of the disease-causing fungus and its insect carriers were intensively studied by Dutch scientists, not because it affects only Dutch elm (Ulmus x hollandica - a rare tree in Northern Ireland).
		The wych elm is apparently rather more resistant to the strain which has killed so many of the small-leaved elms in England and Ireland during the epidemic of the past thirty years.
	www.habitas.org.uk /flora/species.asp?item=3811 (309 words)

	The Ramblers' Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Wych Elm is the only species that occurs naturally in northern England and Scotland.
		These have been shown to be single clones which cannot have naturally spread to the extent to which they now occur and must have achieved their distributions by being planted by our ancestors.
		Indeed it is quite likely that many of our elms have been brought into this country by man and planted because of their very useful nature.
	www.ramblers.org.uk /elms/nhm_elmspecies.html (284 words)

	wych Es definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		wych Es definition - Dictionary - MSN Encarta
		Search for "wych Es" in all of MSN Encarta
		The words "wych Es" do not appear together, but you can try a search on the individual words.
	encarta.msn.com /dictionary_/wych_Es.html (112 words)

	Wych Elm
		Leaflet on Dutch elm disease and the elms the North East
		Wych elm is being promoted in suitable planting schemes
		WEBAG (wych elm biodiversity action group) and Forvie Tree Nursery maintain local provenance nurseries for elm.
	www.abdn.ac.uk /biodiversity/actionplans/FWAG/wychelm.htm (221 words)

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