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	Wyoming, USA - Travel Photos by Galen R Frysinger, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
		The land within these borders was first called Wyoming in 1865, when a member of the Congress of the United States from Ohio suggested that a new territory be carved from Dakota, Utah, and Idaho territories.
		The name Wyoming is a contraction of the Native American word mecheweamiing ("at the big plains"), and was first used by the Delaware people as a name for the Wyoming Valley in northeastern Pennsylvania.
		Wyoming is known as the Cowboy State and the Equality State.
	www.galenfrysinger.com /wyoming.htm (273 words)

	Wyoming Valley - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A lesser-known Wyoming Valley exists in western New York in Wyoming County, where the valley of Oatka Creek is commonly known as the Wyoming Valley and includes the villages of Wyoming and Warsaw.
		Wyoming Valley is a region of northeastern Pennsylvania.
		The valley is a crescent-shaped depression, a part of the ridge-and-valley or folded Appalachians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wyoming_Valley (551 words)

	Wyoming Valley massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Wyoming "massacre" was an encounter during the American Revolutionary War between American Patriots and Loyalists accompanied by Iroquois raiders that took place in Wyoming Valley, Pennsylvania, on July 3, 1778.
		The Wyoming Valley battle occurred when Colonel Butler, leading his Rangers accompanied by a force of Cayugas and Senecas led by Cornplanter, made a surprise attack on the three hundred and sixty armed Patriot defenders of Forty Fort beside the Susquehanna River (near present-day Wilkes-Barre).
		The massacre is commemorated each year by the Wyoming Commemorative Association, a local non-profit organization, which holds a ceremony on the grounds of the Wyoming Monument.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Wyoming_Valley_Massacre (621 words)

	Wyoming Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		As news of the "massacre" spread along the River, settlers in the Valley (more than 3000) fled in panic, joined by thousands more from the whole of the North Branch and West Branch regions of the Susquehanna, in what came to be known as the Great Runaway.
		Wyoming Township, which included modern Columbia County, was represented on the Committee by James McClure (of later Bloomsburg), Thomas Clayton of Catawissa, and Peter Mellick of Fishing Creek.
		As news of the disaster spread beyond the Wyoming Valley, it prompted a general exodus of residents from throughout the area of the Forks of the Susquehanna.
	www.colcohist-gensoc.org /Essays/wyomingmassacre.htm (2718 words)

	Valley Forge Summary
		Valley Forge has come to symbolize American perseverance, faith, courage in adversity, and willingness to sacrifice for freedom, aspects of the national character poignantly illustrated by war.
		Valley Forge was the site of the camp of the American Continental Army over the winter of 1777–1778 in the American Revolutionary War.
		Valley Forge - 1778 - Battle of Crooked Billet - Philadelphia Recaptured - Wyoming Valley massacre - 1781 - Congress of the Confederation
	www.bookrags.com /Valley_Forge (1746 words)

	AllRefer.com - Zebulon Butler (U.S. History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		After serving in the French and Indian Wars, Butler led a group of Connecticut settlers to the Wyoming Valley in N Pennsylvania.
		Butler represented (1774–76) the Wyoming Valley in the Connecticut assembly.
		A colonel in the Revolution, he was defeated (1778) by Loyalists under John Butler and fled to Forty Fort; the Wyoming Valley massacre followed.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/B/ButlerZ.html (198 words)

	The Society of Colonial Wars in the State of Connecticut - 1769 The Pennamite Wars
		The Wyoming Valley was part of the land granted under the Connecticut Charter by King Charles II of England in 1662 to Connecticut for new settlements.
		The massacre is described in Thomas Campbell's poem, Gertrude of Wyoming (1809).
		Butler represented (1774-76) the Wyoming Valley in the Connecticut assembly.
	www.colonialwarsct.org /1769.htm (1806 words)

	Wyoming Valley massacre
		That valley is a beautiful region of Pennsylvania, lying between mountain ranges and watered by the Susquehanna River that flows through it.
		The region was claimed as a part of the domain of Connecticut granted by the charter of that province given by Charles the Second, and was called the county of Westmoreland.
		He had been joined by some Tories from the Wyoming Valley, who gave him a correct account of that region; and on the last day of June he appeared at the head of the beautiful plains with more than a thousand men, Tories and Indians.
	www.publicbookshelf.com /public_html/Our_Country_vol_2/wyomingva_bbg.html (1294 words)

	Cherry Valley, New York -- A Landmark Village
		The settlement at Cherry Valley was established by John Lindesay in 1738.
		The Cherry Valley Massacre, along with an earlier rout by Butler's forces at Wyoming Valley in Pennsylvania, in time induced General Washington to redeploy some of his forces who were staving off the British, and focus them on securing the frontier.
		But in 1870 Cherry Valley did become a spur of the Albany and Susquehanna, and with its new connection in Cobleskill was at least able to hold and support its own.
	www.cooperstown.net /cherryvalley/index.html (1171 words)

	The Wyoming Valley Massacre of 1757 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The story describes a violent episode during Colonial America and, as the history was written by a descendant of massacre victims, not a historian, some of the material may be apocryphal in nature.
		Another, more well-known, massacre in the Wyoming Valley occurred a few years later, during the American Revolution, and that tragedy should not be confused with the events described herein.
		The settlement was laid waste by the Canadian Indians, many of the inhabitants were massacred and a number made captives. In September, 1755 about fifty Indians accompanied by a number of Squaws from Canada imultaneously attacked the settlement at different points - but few had the fortune to escape.
	share.geocities.com /Heartland/Valley/2822/massacre.html (850 words)

	Wyoming Battle & Massacre
		At this time the number of Wyoming settlers who had taken the freeman's oath was 285, and this included many from the Lackawaxen settlement forty miles east of Wyoming.
		The Indians still living in the valley began to demand provisions and liquor from the settlers, with an air of authority and expressions implying vengance if their demands were refused.
		The Continental Congress, being informed of the threats from Indians in the valley as well as from the Pennamites, resolved that two companies be raised (84 men each, providing their own arms and equipment) to be stationed in proper places for the protection of the town, its inhabitants, and parts adjacent.
	www.geocities.com /jhculbert/Hanover/bat_hist.htm (2225 words)

	Wyoming Valley
		The Wyoming Valley was claimed by Connecticut by right of her charter of 1662, and her people had begun settling there more than a decade before the war with England began.
		The barbarities of Wyoming were long attributed to the great Mohawk chieftain, Joseph Brant, whom we have already met at the battle of Oriskany.
		Brant endeavored to save the helpless, but the fiend Butler encouraged the massacre, and thirty-two of the inhabitants, mostly women and children, were barbarously put to death, while sixteen of the garrison had fallen during the siege.
	www.usahistory.info /south/Wyoming.html (843 words)

	Coal Camps--Wyoming Tales and Trails
		The end of the Cretaceous Period and the beginning of the Paleocene Epoch was marked by the mass extinction of dinosaurs and the so-called K/T boundary.
		Ninety percent of the stock in Wyoming Coal was held by some of the directors of the Union Pacific, including Oliver Ames and provided an additional method of milking the railroad.
		As a result of governmental investigation, the contract between Wyoming Coal and the Railroad was terminated in 1874 and the Union Pacific took over the mines.
	www.wyomingtalesandtrails.com /coal.html (1839 words)

	The Battle of the Wyomimg Valley (Massacre)
		Denison was informed by scouts that a force of approximately 700 Tories, Rangers and Indians under the command of Maj. John Butler and Chief Sayenqueraghta of the Seneca were gathering near Pittston at Fort Wintermute.
		According to the inscription on the Wyoming Monument this group is described as being "chiefly the undisciplined, the youthful, and the aged".
		The women and children of the upper Lackawanna valley fled toward the upper settlements on the Delaware.
	www.myrevolutionarywar.com /battles/780703.htm (1652 words)

	The Wyoming Valley Massacre of 1757
		The story describes a violent episode during Colonial America and, as the history was written by a descendant of massacre victims, not a historian, some of the material may be apocryphal in nature.
		Another, more well-known, massacre in the Wyoming Valley occurred a few years later, during the American Revolution, and that tragedy should not be confused with the events described herein.
		The settlement was laid waste by the Canadian Indians, many of the inhabitants were massacred and a number made captives. In September, 1755 about fifty Indians accompanied by a number of Squaws from Canada imultaneously attacked the settlement at different points - but few had the fortune to escape.
	www.geocities.com /heartland/valley/2822/massacre.html (850 words)

	225 Years Ago: Torch, Tomahawk Ravage Cobleskill
		HE YEAR of 1778 was marked by loyalist and Indian raids on frontier settlements from the Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania to the Mohawk Valley of New York.
		On July 3 Col. John Butler, commander of the loyalist “Butler’s Rangers,” attacked the Wyoming Valley at Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania, in what is known as the Wyoming Valley Massacre.
		Casting his eye along the beautiful valley, and surveying the ruins of the preceding day, he discovered the old house of Warner, on the west side of the creek, still standing, to which he made his way.
	www.schohariehistory.net /Review/Spring2003/Christman.htm (2783 words)

	Moses Van Campen!
		The summer following the Wyoming Valley Massacre was payback time for the Iroquois.
		Surrounding it were one hundred and twenty-eight of the most elegant houses yet encoun tered, with fine trees growing near them and expansive orchard areas all around the town.
		In the Seneca tongue, Chenussio meant "The Beautiful Valley" and it was certainly not misnamed.
	members.tripod.com /whitehead_k/vancampen.html (1442 words)

	Gleeful Gecko (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Note the lack of quotes around massacre, that is because I believe the incident to be worthy of the that description without qualification.
		I believe both sides behaved badly, but that doesn’t require the need to qualify who was a victim of a ‘massacre’ versus who was a victim of a massacre.
		For an interesting account of the massacre and aftermath, albiet one from memory of a parent’s stories check here.
	www.gleefulgecko.com /page/20 (1383 words)

	Wyoming Valley Massacre - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Wyoming Valley Massacre took place in Pennsylvania's Wyoming Valley on July 3, 1778.
		Iroquois soldiers, at war with the United States on account of the American Revolutionary War, killed some 360 settlers.
		The massacre provoked outrage among colonists and provided the impetus for the retaliatory Sullivan Expedition.
	education.music.us /W/Wyoming-Valley-Massacre.htm (297 words)

	WebRoots Library U.S. Military
		Since our last, many of the distressed Refugees from the Wyoming settlements on the Susquehanna, who escaped the general massacre, of the inhabitants, have passed this way, from whom we have collected the following account, viz.
		On this footing the dispute has lain dormant for two or three years; the inhabitants lived happily and the settlements increased, consisting of eight townships, viz.
		This it is hoped will be the concluding scene of the tragedy acted by the British tyrant and his murderous, diabolical emissaries, in a part of his late kingdom, which he has justly forfeited, and which now forever departed from him.
	www.webroots.org /library/usamilit/1778wvm0.html (1449 words)

	John Butler (pioneer) Summary
		The slaughter of some of the captives (the Wyoming Valley "massacre") has been the occasion of later, highly colored criticism of Butler.
		As a result, after this expedition he was commissioned as a lieutenant colonel and given authority to raise his own regiment, which became known as "Butler's Rangers", initially with a strength of eight companies.
		Later that year, he had the misfortune to be in command when his Indian allies initiated the Cherry Valley Massacre.
	www.bookrags.com /John_Butler_(pioneer) (1030 words)

	Native Americans in the United States
		The colonists were especially outraged by the Wyoming Valley Massacre and the Cherry Valley Massacre, which occurred in 1778.
		In the 19th century, the Westward expansion of the United States incrementally expelled large numbers of Native Americans from vast areas of their territory, either by forcing them into marginal lands farther and farther west, or by outright massacres.
		Well-known military engagements include the atypical Native American victory at the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876, and the massacre of Native Americans at Wounded Knee in 1890.
	www.newsdial.com /history/american-history/native-americans-united-states.html (1403 words)

	Cayuga Chronicles by Warren L. Hickman
		It was early in the third year of the eight-year war when Colonel John Butler led a mixed band of Tories and Iroquois on a sweep through the settlements of Wyoming Valley (in Pennsylvania, south of Elmira, N.Y.).
		In an attempt to put an end to these raids on frontier farms and villages in New York, a small American army detachment destroyed the Indian villages of Oghwaga and Unadilla, which the Indians had evacuated upon learning of the approach of the Americans.
		The burning, looting, scalping, and rape of that Cherry Valley Massacre was a last straw.
	www.upstate-citizens.org /CayugaChronicles.htm (11955 words)

	The King's Men: Loyalist Units in New York and North America
		Whether second hand accounts are accurate or not, both Butlers have fl marks attached to their names: John, for the "Wyoming Valley Massacre"; and Walter, for his part in the "Cherry Valley Massacre".
		Brant led various Mohawk raiding parties in the Valley and beyond throughout the war.
		The First was active throughout the war in the Northern theater; they manned posts from Quebec to Mackinac, and participated in several of the raids on the valleys of New York.
	www.nyhistory.net /~drums/kingsmen.htm (1475 words)

	BATTLE OF WYOMING, PA. 1778
		The massacre which followed lasted twelve hours, until daybreak the next morning.
		No one in the fort was harmed, but when Major Butler withdrew his troops, the settlers began to flee from the valley.
		Captain Spaulding who was coming with his company to help defend the valley, met some of these fugitives on the mountains and returned to Stroudsburg.
	www.rootsweb.com /~paluzern/patk/wyoming.html (2019 words)

	sullivan clinton campaign-facts: lost & found
		In advance of the Sullivan-Clinton Campaign, on June 11, 1778, Congress already had allocated the huge sum of $932,743.1/3, to resolve the problem of Indian Raids and frontier defense.
		This occured before the two events - known as the Wyoming Valley Massacre (July 3, 1778) and the Cherry Valley Massacre (November 11, 1778) - that became the well-publicized pretexts for launching the Sullivan-Clinton Campaign (in August 1779).
		Then, on February 25, 1779, George Washington's plan for the decisive "Indian expedition" was presented to the rebel Congress, which authorized it.
	www.sullivanclinton.com /texts/facts (1137 words)

	Paranormal & Ghost Society
		Because of the status of Seneca as War Cheifs amoung the Haudenosaunee, most of the Iroquois Confederacy followed suit.
		He was second in command to Brant at the Battle of Wyoming Valley in 1778 (which came to be known as the Wyoming Valley Massacre, because of the scalping of women and children
		He also participated in a campaign in the Cherry Valley in 1780, which later was called the Cherry Valley Massacre for the same reason
	www.paranormalghostsociety.org /warren.htm (3014 words)

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