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Topic: XOR function

Related Topics

XOR

Exclusive disjunction

Boolean algebra

Logic gate

DeMorgans Law

Boolean function

Logical equivalence

C programming language

Hypercomplex numbers

Feistel network

Leonard Euler

Stirling engine

The Who

Sonic the Hedgehog

1964

	Xor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		XOR -- from MathWorld A connective in logic known as the "exclusive or," or exclusive disjunction.
		The Xor operator is used to perform a logical exclusion on two expressions, where the expressions are...
		The Xor operator is used to perform a logical exclusion on two expressions, where the...
	www.musicbyartist.com /Xor-.html (474 words)

	Differential Cryptanalysis
		However, the XOR of two vectors would be the resultant vector when each bit of the two input vectors is XORed (0 if the inputs are the same, 1 if they are different).
		Because the F function uses an expansion function, if we wish to use pairs of plaintext, we wish to have a function to relate the output of two different inputs to the Expansion E function.
		We wish to have some function to relate two different inputs to the XOR function that are being XORed with the plaintext.
	home.earthlink.net /~mylnir/desdoc.html (3579 words)

	Artificial neural network -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Activation functions, however, do not have to be this simple - in fact to create networks that can do useful work, they almost always have to be more complex, for at least some of the nodes in the network.
		Other functions with similar features can be used, most commonly (additional info and facts about tanh) tanh which squashes activations into the range of [-1,1] instead, or occasionally a piece-wise linear function that simply clips the activation rather than squashing it.
		For this, the derivation of the error function with respect to the network weights is calculated and the weights are then changed such that the error decreases (thus going downhill on the surface of the error function).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ar/artificial_neural_network.htm (3422 words)

	AAAI Proceedings Template (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		For functions that are piecewise differentiable, a method is given to generate polynomials, which approximate that function.
		The “Fuzzy XOR” function was calculated by the formula xor = ((p and not q) or (q and not p)) where “p and q” = min(p,q), “p or q” = max(p,q), and “not p” = 1-p.
		Interestingly, the “Fuzzy XOR” is fractal in appearance and yet remains close to a smooth curve and perhaps Taylor’s Theorem is not the lower bound of practicality for polynomials.
	user890956.wx10.registeredsite.com /aaai2000.htm (2297 words)

	[No title]
		We may execute a function by constructing a function call where each formal parameter is given an explict value (i.e., a constant).
		Function LEN is recursive; that is, the body of the function refers to the function being defined.
		The guard for the function LEN is given as T, indicating that this definition should terminate given any kind of formal parameter.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /~hunt/class/2002-fall/cs395t/v-adder.lisp (773 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		In one embodiment, the deciphering round key generator includes a first XOR function, and iteratively generates the data words of the second round key over a plurality of iterations by generating one data word each iteration, performing an XOR operation on a first and a second round key data word using the first XOR function.
		More importantly, decryption functions 606 and encryption functions 610 are incorporated with the teachings of the present invention, enabling them to advantageously generate the deciphering/ciphering round keys in a pipelined and as needed manner.
		The apparatus of claim 14, wherein said deciphering round key generator further comprises a second XOR function coupled to said passthru circuitry to perform a second XOR operation on an at least once transformed version of said second predecessor round key data word and a value that is functionally dependent on an iteration index value.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=02/84943.021024&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (5522 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Encrypted bitstream 357, representing the proprietary functional circuitry 355, is presented to the instantiated decryptor 350 in the FPGA (435).
		XOR gate 330 outputs decryption key 345 when the input terminal from XOR gate 330 is a logic zero, and outputs an inverted version of decryption key 345 when the input terminal from XOR gate 330 is a logic one.
		In one embodiment, for example, the parallel output terminals of XOR gate 325 are ORed and the result is presented to one half the inputs to XOR gate 330.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=00/49717.000824&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4139 words)

	Exclusive disjunction - TheBestLinks.com - XOR function, Boolean algebra, Cryptography, C programming language, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		XOR function, Exclusive disjunction, Boolean algebra, Cryptography, C...
		The exclusive disjunction of propositions A and B is usually called A xor B, where "xor" stands for "exclusive or" and is pronounced "eks-or".
		Because xor is associative, the order of the inputs does not matter: the same result will be obtained regardless of order.
	www.thebestlinks.com /XOR_function.html (624 words)

	Shift and Logical Operators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		function sets the resulting bit to 1 if the corresponding bit in both operands is 1, as shown in the following table.
		function sets the resulting bit to 1; otherwise, the resulting bit is 0.
		function, you can see that the two high-order bits (the two bits farthest to the left of each number) of each operand are 1.
	java.sun.com /docs/books/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/bitwise.html (704 words)

	Hugo de Garis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		De Garis's early studies were on theoretical physics, but he abandoned this field of research in favour of AI and artificial life.
		Critics find that de Garis tends towards "quantity not quality" in asserting that the degree of complexity displayed within his evolved hardware is a breakthrough in itself, without acknowledging that the harder problem is to create systems whose complexity is actually functional and fit for its purpose, or indeed, any purpose.
		De Garis predicts that one day intelligent machines (or 'artilects', as he calls them) will be far more intelligent than humans and threaten to dominate the world, resulting in a conflict between 'cosmists', or supporters of the artilects, and 'terrans', those who oppose the artilects (both of these are terms of his invention).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hugo_de_Garis (615 words)

	[No title]
		In this case we would say that we are using the linear activation function, however backprop is at its best when this value is passed to certain types of non-linear functions.
		When using this particular activation function for a problem where the output is supposed to be a 0 or 1 getting the output to within 0.1 of the target value is a very common standard but other people may want to get to closer than this while others don't want to get even this close.
		Thus with the four patterns in the xor problem the weights are changed only once for each iteration rather than 4 times as in either of the continuous update methods.
	www.dontveter.com /bpr/public2.html (2541 words)

	More Digital Logic Gates
		When we implement Boolean functions with electronic circuits, we choose the binary values one and zero to represent true and false respectively.
		function is the opposite, or inverse of the input.
		function is the complement of the output of the
	www.spsu.edu /cs/faculty/bbrown/web_lectures/gates (798 words)

	Hashing Function
		The effect of the hashing function on the misprediction rates was investigated using limited size tagless target buffers.
		The simplest hashing function is the concatenation scheme shown in Figure 7.
		The effectiveness of the XOR scheme as compared to the concatenation scheme is shown in Table 4.
	www.usenix.org /events/coots99/full_papers/vijaykrishnan/vijaykrishnan_html/node10.html (887 words)

	[No title]
		The XOR (and similarly the XNOR) operator typically takes two \ref{binimage}{binary} or \ref{gryimage}{graylevel images} as input, and outputs a third image whose \ref{value}{pixel values} are just those of the first image, XORed with the corresponding pixels from the second.
		XOR has the interesting property that if we XOR \em{A} with \em{B} to get \em{Q}, then the bits of \em{Q} are the same as \em{A} where the corresponding bit from \em{B} is zero, but they are of the opposite value where the corresponding bit from \em{B} is one.
		The other advantage of using XOR like this is that to undo the process (for instance when the cursor moves away), it is only necessary to repeat the XOR using the same mask and all the flipped pixels will become unflipped.
	vision.cse.psu.edu /resources/hipr/src/xor.hpr (1063 words)

	Logic Functions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Logic functions are closely connected to truth tables, which you may have seen in a logic course.
		Thus this particular MCP neuron is the same as the OR function.
		Another logic function is the AND function, which gives an output of 1 only when both x1 = 1 and x2 = 1.
	www.mind.ilstu.edu /curriculum/perception/mpnint2.html?class=version_1¤t=52 (687 words)

	Exclusive disjunction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		Exclusive disjunction (usual symbol xor) is a logical operator that results in true if one of the operands, but not both of them, is true.
		Because 'xor' is a more complex logical function than 'or' and 'and', its neural network requires an additional processing layer.
		Exclusive-or is sometimes used as a simple mixing function in cryptography, for example, with one-time pad or Feistel network systems.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/E/Exclusive-disjunction.htm (660 words)

	Hugo de Garis - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		The technique, involving development and use of neurons using a 3D cellular automaton, seems to have been used with success to build simple functionalities like the xor function, but, up to now, failed to evolve anything that could be considered as a brain, or even a serious robot control system.
		His current project is to assemble thousands of these 'brains' into a larger artificial intelligence architecture to make a functioning AI.
		He predicts that one day intelligent machines (or 'artilects', as he calls them) will be far more intelligent than humans and threaten to dominate the world, resulting in a conflict between 'cosmists', or supporters of the artilects, and 'terrans', those who oppose the artilects (both of these are terms of his invention).
	open-encyclopedia.com /Hugo_de_Garis (290 words)

	5 User's Guide
		The data is for the binary function XOR and is shown in figure 10, but it could have been data representing all kinds of problems.
		function is shown in a simplified form in figure 13.
		function, which trains the ANN for one iteration with one pair of inputs and outputs and also updates the mean square error.
	fann.sourceforge.net /report/node7.html (2560 words)

	Derived Logical Functions and Gates
		While the three basic functions AND, OR, and NOT are sufficient to accomplish all possible logical functions and operations, some combinations are used so commonly that they have been given names and logic symbols of their own.
		The third is a variation of the OR function, called the Exclusive-OR, or XOR function.
		The Exclusive-OR, or XOR function is an interesting and useful variation on the basic OR function.
	www.play-hookey.com /digital/derived_gates.html (721 words)

	Linear Feedback Shift Registers
		A shift register is a device whose identifying function is to shift its contents into adjacent positions within the register or, in the case of the position on the end, out of the register.
		The conversion function can go either way -- fill the shift register positions all at once (parallel) and then shift them out (serial) or shift the contents into the register bit by bit (serial) and then read the contents after the register is full (parallel).
		By definition, the selected bit values are collected before the register is clocked and the result of the feedback function is inserted into the shift register during the shift, filling the position that is emptied as a result of the shift.
	homepage.mac.com /afj/lfsr.html (1687 words)

	Intuitionistic fuzzy sets, logic, numbers, lingustic variables
		This function is used to convert a Boolean value to Confidence.
		When one of the parameters is of the type Confidence then the result is computed as if it would be a set with all elements having the membership function equal to the value of the parameter.
		The function calculates the distance between the domain point Point and the nearest point of the domain which confidence level in the set Set is not 0.
	www.dmitry-kazakov.de /ada/fuzzy.htm (3976 words)

	[No title]
		The XOR function can't tell the difference between '1,1' and '0,0' at it's inputs.
		If you were to bu trying to build an AND function from XOR gates, then it is indeed possible.
		Imagine an XOR gate with one input held in a logic 1 state.
	www.hpmuseum.org /cgi-sys/cgiwrap/hpmuseum/archv004.cgi?read=7266 (329 words)

	[No title]
		The results of the functions' computations were also compared to the result from manually dividing the binary strings on paper.
		All the functions were included in a separate makefile from that of the networking functions.
		When all functions were included in one makefile, it produced fatal errors to occur during compilation, and the code failed to be compiled.
	www.d.umn.edu /~kvanhorn/cs/cs5785/report.html (1899 words)

	XOR Encryption Function - c, c++, c__
		Just pass the function a KEY or Password and the text you wish to encrypt.
		XOR Encryption is pretty weak and can be cracked with a little effort.
		This function serves as a good example that demonstrates iterating through charcter arrays.
	www.planet-source-code.com /vb/scripts/ShowCode.asp?txtCodeId=1562&lngWid=3 (533 words)

	Reason vs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		We define an XOR function as NOT A AND B OR A AND NOT B.
		We note that the resulting function of our standard logic implementation of the XOR is equivalent to the sum of products that we can now obtain from table 1.
		We are left with an expression that could potentially execute the same repetitive function over and over again given the application of our technology to manifest the result of our observance to the method.
	www3.telus.net /sthed/reason (2223 words)

	Director: Tips and Tricks: XOR Encryption
		The ëXORí in XOR encryption stands for the logical ëexclusive orí function, and we will have to understand this function if we are to understand how our new encryption scheme works.
		In other words, a XOR b is TRUE if a is TRUE or b is TRUE but not if both are FALSE or both are TRUE: for the XOR function to evaluate to TRUE one of the constituent statements has to be ëexclusively trueí.
		The point about the xor handler is that it works both as an encryption and decryption handler.
	www.andyw.com /director/xor.asp (2252 words)

	A Neural Network Primer
		This equation is called the "transfer function" because it "transfers" the inputs X and Y into the output Z. In our equation, X and Y are both multiplied by 0.75.
		Note that we have not changed the function by adding 2 to both sides since the output Z for each given X and Y input is still the same but that we have changed the threshold value from -1.0 to +1.0.
		To explain this, assume that in the "XOr" function neural network we actually had four neurons instead of three but that the weights from the first three neurons to the fourth neuron were all zero and that the weights from the fourth neuron to the first three neurons were all zero.
	alumnus.caltech.edu /~croft/archives/academic/ann.html (4310 words)

	Binary XOR Operation
		The binary XOR operation (also known as the binary XOR function) will always produce a 1 output if either of its inputs is 1 and will produce a 0 output if both of its inputs are 0 or 1.
		In XCSB the binary XOR operator works in the same way, operating in parallel on sets of inputs and outputs within a variable or constant.
		If we assign the value 0x24 to the variable J, which is the hexadecimal equivalent of the binary value 00100100, the value 0x21 to the variable K which is the hexadecimal equivalent of the binary value 00100001 and then perform the XCSB XOR operation on J and K and assign the result to M.
	www.xcprod.com /titan/XCSB-DOC/binary_xor.html (315 words)

	[No title]
		FUNCTION qsim_wired_or (input : qsim_state_vector) RETURN qsim_state; -- A wired OR operation is performed on the inputs to determine the -- resolved value.
		For those functions taking -- a vector argument and returninga vector, the range of the result is taken from the input -- vector.
		For those functions having a scalar argument and -- returning a vector, the range of the result has a 'left -- value of 0, a direction of TO, and a 'length value equal -- to the input argument 'size'.
	www.eng.auburn.edu /~vagrawal/E5200/PROJECT/qsim_logic.vhd (3267 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-08)
		the two functions given are : f(A,B,C) = ABC + not(A)B.not(C) = B.(AC + not(A).not(C)) = B.(not(A) XOR C) g(A,B,C) = B.(A XOR C) So, already they seem to be different.
		in order to show that the two functions are different, what we have to do, is to set A,B,C such that the two functions take different values at this particular setting [assignment to] of A,B,C. Clearly, if we set B to 0, then both functions assume the value 0, so that won't work.
		XOR(A,B) = A.not(B) + not(A).B so, (one can check this out) XOR of two variables takes on the value 1, if and only if, exactly one of the variables is set to 1.
	paul.rutgers.edu /~weiz/cs211/hw2sum.txt (444 words)

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