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	XYZ - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		XYZ is used as a term for defining coordinates on 3-dimensional models.
		The XYZ Affair is a diplomatic fiasco that occurred between the United States and France in 1797.
		XYZ can also mean "Examine Your Zipper," indicating to a person that his or her fly is open.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/XYZ (225 words)

	Xyz Affair: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		The XYZ Affair contributed to American patriotic legend in the reply Pinckney is supposed to have made to a French request for money, "Millions for defense, sir, but not one cent for tribute." This reply was certainly not made, but a better case can be made for the alternate version, "No, no, not a sixpence."
		In the 1790s, during the infamous XYZ Affair, the public was outraged when French officials demanded...United States, a nation whose rise to prominence in global affairs presents almost a mirror image of French erosion.
		His part in the XYZ Affair and his endorsement of Napoleons plan for seizing Egypt...helped to power, offered him the portfolio of foreign affairs, but Talleyrand preferred to serve as ambassador to London...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/xyz-affair.jsp?l=X&p=1 (1879 words)

	XYZ Affair - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The XYZ Affair was a diplomatic episode in 1797 that worsened relations between the United States and France, leading to the undeclared Quasi War of 1798.
		The Jay Treaty of 1795 angered France, which was at war with Britain and saw the treaty as evidence of an Anglo-American alliance.
		William Stinchcombe, "The Diplomacy of the WXYZ Affair," in William and Mary Quarterly, 34:590-617 (October 1977); in JSTOR
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/XYZ_Affair (415 words)

	XYZ Affair - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		XYZ Affair, United States diplomatic incident involving a commission sent to France in 1797 to negotiate outstanding differences between the two...
		Dreyfus Affair, controversy involving the French army officer Alfred Dreyfus, who was convicted on a charge of treason in 1894.
		Trent Affair, incident during the American Civil War that severely tested diplomatic relations between the United States and Great Britain.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /XYZ_Affair.html (162 words)

	AllRefer.com - XYZ Affair (U.S. History) - Encyclopedia
		XYZ Affair, name usually given to an incident (1797–98) in Franco-American diplomatic relations.
		The United States had in 1778 entered into an alliance with France, but after the outbreak of the French Revolutionary Wars was both unable and unwilling to lend aid.
		The result was the Treaty of Mortefontaine (Sept. 30, 1800), known as the Convention of 1800, a commercial agreement that improved relations between the two nations.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/X/XYZAffai.html (557 words)

	Welcome to The American Presidency
		XYZ Correspondence, in United States history, the name given to the reports made to President John Adams by an official commission which was rebuffed in its efforts to negotiate a treaty of commerce and friendship with France in 1797–1798.
		The attendant circumstances, known as the XYZ Affair, marked a low point in relations between France and the United States and brought the two nations close to war.
		The details of the affair stung the American public to a high degree of indignation, and there was clamor—especially among the Federalists—for an immediate declaration of war.
	ap.grolier.com /article?assetid=0425920-00&templatename=/article/article.html (816 words)

	John Adam's (XYZ Affair Speech) May 16, 1797 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The personal inconveniences to the members of the Senate and of the House of Representatives in leaving their families and private affairs at this season of the year are so obvious that I the more regret the extraordinary occasion which has rendered the convention of Congress indispensable.
		As it is often necessary that nations should treat for the mutual advantage of their affairs, and especially to accommodate and terminate differences, and as they can treat only by ministers, the right of embassy is well known and established by the law and usage of nations.
		The refusal on the part of France to receive our minister is, then, the denial of a right; but the receive him until we have acceded to their demands without discussion and without investigation is to treat us neither as allies nor as friends, nor as a sovereign state.
	www.usa-presidents.info /speeches/xyz.html (2235 words)

	XYZ Affair - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		XYZ Affair, U.S. diplomatic incident involving a commission sent to France in 1797 to negotiate outstanding differences between the two countries....
		John Adams, U.S. president during the XYZ affair
		Party friction was increased by the XYZ Affair in 1797 and 1798.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /XYZ_Affair.html (116 words)

	XYZ affair
		The XYZ affair is the name given to an incident in 1797-1798, having to do with diplomatic relations between France and the United States.
		When John Adams became President in March of 1797, the French had seized nearly 300 American ships bound for British ports.
		He sent a special commission, comprised of Charles C. Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry, to France to try to resolve the problems between the two nations.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/xy/XYZ_affair.html (142 words)

	XYZ : Philadelphia Rare Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Message from the President of the United States, accompanying a report of the Secretary of State, containing observations on some of the documents, communicated by the President, on the eighteenth instant.
		Message from the President of the United States, accompanying sundry papers relative to the affairs of the United States, with the French Republic.
		French originals of all the documents, translations of which accompanied the message of the President of the United States, of the 18th January, 1799, relative to the affairs of the United States with the French republic.
	www.prbm.com /interest/xyz.shtml (577 words)

	The XYZ Affair by John Adams Philadelphia, PA, 5/16/1797 - History European (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The personal inconveniences to the members of the Senate & of the House of Representatives in leaving their families & private affairs at this season of the year are so obvious that I the more regret the extraordinary occasion which has rendered the convention of Congress indispensable.
		As it is often necessary that nations should treat for the mutual advantage of their affairs, & especially to accommodate & terminate differences, & as they can treat only by ministers, the right of embassy is well known & established by the law & usage of nations.
		The refusal on the part of France to receive our minister is, then, the denial of a right; but the receive him until we have acceded to their demands without discussion & without investigation is to treat us neither as allies nor as friends, nor as a sovereign state.
	www.history1700s.com /page1105.shtml (2252 words)

	XYZ Affair - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		XYZ AFFAIR [XYZ Affair] name usually given to an incident (1797-98) in Franco-American diplomatic relations.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "XYZ Affair" at HighBeam.
		The ABCs of XYZ: A Proposed Global Credential.(certified public accountants: ethics, competency)
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-xy1z1a1ffai.html (638 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		These actions began in the early 1790Õs, and finally came to a head in 1797 with the XYZ affair.
		The men made their way to Paris where they were given permission by the police to reside in the capitol as aliens.
		Upon their immediate request to converse with Tallyrand, the three were told that Tallyrand must first finish and submit a report on American affairs for the Revolutionary Directory.
	www.2112.net /cheeze/history/xyz.doc (1733 words)

	TheHistoryNet Discussion Forums: The XYZ Affair and the U.S. Naval Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		With perfect hindsight, the XYZ Affair and resultant US Actions were never intended to position the US as a world power and did not contribute to America's understanding of its role as a present or future power.
		certainly the affair acted as a catalyst to action, actions that were revenge and retribution minded.
		The XYZ Affair led to the American realization that in order to trade globally, and protect her merchant fleet, a strong U.S. Navy was the first requirement.
	historynet.zeroforum.com /zerothread?id=48 (6214 words)

	Quasi-War With France
		In an effort to resolve differences with France that had accumulated between the two nations since the Treaty of Alliance of 1778, President John Adams dispatched a commission of three men to meet with French Minister of Foreign Affairs Talleyrand in 1797.
		After many delays the American commissioners were approached by three intermediaries of Talleyrand, who demanded apologies for allusions critical of France made by President Adams and payment of a bribe of several million dollars before official negotiations could proceed.
		It would be nearly a century and a half before the United States entered into another formal alliance.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ho/time/nr/16318.htm (455 words)

	XYZ Affair
		More books on XYZ Affair can be found at Barnes & Noble.
		Memorabilia related to XYZ Affair is at auction on eBay.
		For teachers of American history, get more material related to XYZ Affair for K-8 grades at Scholastic Teacher Store.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h465.html (290 words)

	USA: J. Adams - XYZ Affair Philadelphia, PA, 1797-05-16
		It is with extreme regret that I shall be obliged to turn your thoughts to other circumstances, which admonish us that some of these felicities may not be lasting.
		You will derive further information from his dispatches, which will be laid before you.
		The commerce of the United States has become an interesting object of attention, whether we consider it in relation to the wealth and finances or the strength and resources of the nation.
	odur.let.rug.nl /~usa/P/ja2/speeches/jaxyz.htm (2238 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for XYZ Affair (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for XYZ Affair
		XYZ Affair XYZ AFFAIR [XYZ Affair] name usually given to an incident (1797-98) in Franco-American diplomatic relations.
		Alien and Sedition Acts ALIEN AND SEDITION ACTS [Alien and Sedition Acts] 1798, four laws enacted by the Federalist-controlled U.S. Congress, allegedly in response to the hostile actions of the French Revolutionary government on the seas and in the councils of diplomacy (see XYZ Affair), but actually designed to destroy
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/14057.html (592 words)

	The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History
		Says the French alliance of 1777 should be considered void, but advises that a declaration of war should be avoided.
		Believes Elbridge Gerry's decision to remain in France after the XYZ Affair, while done out of good intentions, is a mistake.
		The popular slogan was "millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute." During the winter of 1798, 14 American warships backed by 200 armed merchant ships captured 80 French vessels and forced French warships out of American waters.
	www.gilderlehrman.org /search/display_results.php?id=GLC02528.02 (747 words)

	XYZ - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		XYZ (band), an abortive rock project featuring Jimmy Page, Chris Squire and Alan White
		XYZ Credential, proposed by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
		Using "XYZ" and "Net" as a means to convey generality
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/XYZ (113 words)

	Digital History
		The Quasi-War with France and the XYZ Affair
		In the meantime, three of the minister's emissaries (known simply as X, Y, and Z) said that the only way the Americans could see the minister was to pay a bribe of $250,000 and provide France with a $10 million loan!
		When word of the "XYZ Affair" became known in the United States, it aroused a popular demand for war.
	www.digitalhistory.uh.edu /documents/documents_p2.cfm?doc=339 (608 words)

	Infoplease Search: affair
		(Encyclopedia) Diamond Necklace, Affair of the, scandal that took place at the court of King Louis XVI of France...
		(Encyclopedia) Dreyfus Affair, the controversy that occurred with the treason conviction (1894) of Capt. Alfred...
		(Encyclopedia) Virginius affair, 1873, incident that came near to causing war between the United States and Spain.
	www.infoplease.com /search.php3?query=affair (239 words)

	XYZ Affair (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Gerry remained in France, thinking he could prevent a declaration of war, but did not negotiate any further.
		President Adams released the report of the affair two weeks later.
		In 1798, a declaration of war almost came about, but Adams prevented it from passing, preferring to stay with the diplomatic route.
	xyz-affair.kiwiki.homeip.net (465 words)

	Amazon.com: From the XYZ Affair to the War on Terror: The Justiciability of Time of War: An article from: Washington ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Amazon.com: From the XYZ Affair to the War on Terror: The Justiciability of Time of War: An article from: Washington and Lee Law Review: Books: John M Hagan
		From the XYZ Affair to the War on Terror: The Justiciability of Time of War: An article from: Washington and Lee Law Review [HTML] (Digital)
		Title: From the XYZ Affair to the War on Terror: The Justiciability of Time of War
	www.amazon.com /XYZ-Affair-War-Terror-Justiciability/dp/B000BG909K (294 words)

	www.myspace.com/thexyzaffair
		The XYZ Affair's Latest Blog Entry [Subscribe to this Blog]
		Their debut album, "A Few More Published Studies," will be release October 28th.
		View All of The XYZ Affair 's Friends
	www.myspace.com /thexyzaffair (449 words)

	The Mariners' Museum : Birth of the U.S. Navy
		Initially, many Republican members of Congress doubted the truthfulness of Adams's announcement of the failed mission, seeing it as a Federalist ploy to build a navy.
		However, Adams produced the diplomatic papers recording the French demands, after having substituted X, Y, and Z for the names of the French agents, thus giving rise to this affair's historic name.
		Further debate on ways to placate the French ceased, and Congress quickly focused on finding a way to defend American ships at sea.
	www.mariner.org /usnavy/05/05c.htm (761 words)

	The XYZ Concepts XYZ Credentials XYZ Organizations Professionals Voters
		The XYZ Concepts XYZ Credentials XYZ Organizations Professionals Voters
		The XYZ Affair, XYZ Concept, XYZ Credential, XYZ Organization, XYZ Professional, XYZ Voters.
		This domain offers strategic, high visibility marketing opportunities and relevant search engine rankings.
	www.thexyz.com (82 words)

	XYZ Affair - Facts from the Encyclopedia - Yahoo! Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		XYZ Affair - Facts from the Encyclopedia - Yahoo!
		Education > Reference > Encyclopedia > XYZ Affair
		Add Word of the Day to your personalized My Yahoo!
	messenger.yahooligans.com /reference/encyclopedia/entry/XYZAffai (492 words)

	A Moment in Time: The XYZ Affair - Part IV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A Moment in Time: The XYZ Affair - Part IV You are on the "old" eHistory pages: click here for the NEW eHistory site!
		A Moment in Time Archives: The XYZ Affair - Part IV Volume: 3
		Lead: In 1797 three envoys sent by President John Adams tried to improve U.S. relations with the French.
	ehistory.osu.edu /world/amit/display.cfm?amit_id=1640 (365 words)

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