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	Xanthippus
		The subsequent battle of Tunis was the conflict that most resembled the pitched battles of the Second Punic War and it was to be the only major Carthaginian land victory.
		By using his elephants to disrupt the Roman formation and then to flank them with horse and missile cavalry, Xanthippus was able to achieve a total victory, with barely two thousand Romans escaping.
		This Carthaginian victory enabled them to continue fighting for a further fourteen years but for Xanthippus it was the end of his participation in the war as, being aware of the threat of assassination posed by the jealous Carthaginian nobility, he left the west and is thought to have served in Egypt under the Ptolemies.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Thread/416216 (394 words)

	Xanthippus. Who is Xanthippus? What is Xanthippus? Where is Xanthippus? Definition of Xanthippus. Meaning of ...
		Xanthippus was a Greek (possibly Spartan) mercenary general hired by the Carthaginians to aid in their war against the Romans during the First Punic War.
		He trained Carthaginian soldiers and led them into battle near Tunis, where his forces routed the Roman expeditionary force and captured the Roman consul Regulus in 255 BC.
		Xanthippus was also the father of the Ancient Greek statesman Pericles, and was eponymous archon of Athens in 479 BC.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Xanthippus (91 words)

	Pericles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		He was the son of Xanthippus and Agariste and a descendant of Cleisthenes.
		His father, Xanthippus, a typical member of this generation, almost certainly of an old family, began his political career by a dynastic marriage into the controversial family of the Alcmaeonids.
		Xanthippus was especially unhappy with his meager allowance.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /AncGreece/pericles.htm (5863 words)

	First Punic War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		At first Regulus was victorious, winning the battle of Adys and forcing Carthage to sue for peace.
		The terms were so heavy that negotiations failed and in response, and the Carthaginians hired Xanthippus, a Spartan mercenary, to reorganize the army.
		Xanthippus managed to cut off the Roman army from its base by re-establishing Carthiginian naval supremacy, and defeated and captured Regulus at the battle of Tunis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_Punic_War (2449 words)

	c. The Punic Wars. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Carthage rejected Regulus's stringent terms and continued resistance under the Spartan mercenary Xanthippus.
		Xanthippus captured Regulus and part of his army.
		Rome seized Panormus and, in 250, began an unsuccessful nine-year siege of Lilybaeum.
	www.bartleby.com /67/230.html (312 words)

	Xanthippus corallipes Haldeman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		There are four major subspecies of Xanthippus corallipes.
		Size and color pattern is variable among them and even within a subspecies.
		Xanthippus corallipes latefasciatus —Great Plains of north and central Colorado:
	www.sdvc.uwyo.edu /grasshopper/cofsxaco.htm (314 words)

	Regulus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		He pointed out to the Carthaginians that their defeat was owing to the incompetency of their generals, and not to the superiority of the Roman arms; and he inspired such confidence in the people that he was forthwith placed at the head of their troops.
		Relying on his 4000 cavalry and 100 elephants, Xanthippus boldly marched into the open country to meet the enemy.
		They allowed Regulus to accompany the ambassadors on the promise that he would return to Rome if their proposals were declined, thinking that he would persuade his countrymen to agree to an exchange of prisoners in order to obtain his own liberty.
	www.barca.fsnet.co.uk /regulus.htm (779 words)

	Pericles (Plutarch) by Plutarch
		For the eldest of his lawfully begotten sons, Xanthippus by name, being naturally prodigal, and marrying a young and expensive wife, the daughter of Tisander, son of Epilycus, was highly offended at his father's economy in making him but a scanty allowance, by little and little at a time.
		Upon which the young man, Xanthippus, thought himself so ill-used and disobliged that he openly reviled his father; telling first, by way of ridicule, stories about his conversations at home, and the discourses he had with the sophists and scholars that came to his house.
		Besides this, Stesimbrotus tells us that it was Xanthippus who spread abroad among the people the infamous story concerning his own wife; and in general that this difference of the young man's with his father, and the breach betwixt them, continued never to be healed or made up till his death.
	www.4literature.net /Plutarch/Pericles_Plutarch_/12.html (687 words)

	American Zoologist: effect of standard metabolic rate on egg production in the acridid grasshopper, Xanthippus ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The relationship between thermoregulation, standard metabolism, and egg production was investigated in adult females of the acridid grasshopper Xanthippus corallipes from six populations along an elevation gradient Individuals thermoregulate and maintain stable afternoon body temperatures which correlate negatively with elevation.
		Xanthippus corallipes is widely distributed across western North America, experiencing a range of thermal habitats from hot grasslands at low elevations less than 800 m to cool, montane meadows at elevations up to 3,700 m (Otte, 1981).
		The species is morphologically variable such that populations at high elevation are generally darker in coloration and mature at a smaller size (Otte, 1981; Ashby, 1997; Table 1).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3746/is_199806/ai_n8784332 (1462 words)

	Battle of Tunis, 255 BC
		Over the winter of 255 Carthage reformed her defeated army, importing a group of Greek mercenaries, amongst whom was the Spartan Xanthippus, who after making noisy public criticism of the defeated Punic commanders was appointed as a military advisor.
		Xanthippus is credited with the Carthaginian formation, with a hastily raised phalanx of civilians in the centre, mercenary infantry on their right and a line of elephants in front of the infantry, with the cavalry split between the two wings.
		The Romans were formed in their normal formation, with the legionary infantry in the centre and the outnumbered cavalry on the wings.
	www.rickard.karoo.net /articles/battles_tunis.html (419 words)

	Text - Perikles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		On the Athenian Acropolis is a statue of Pericles, the son of Xanthippus, and one of Xanthippus him self, who fought against the Persians at the naval battle of Mycale.
		There are two other offerings, a statue of Pericles, the son of Xanthippus, and the best worth seeing of the works of Pheidias, the statue of Athena called Lemnian after those who dedicated it.
		His father, Xanthippus, who conquered the generals of the King at Mycale, 1 married Agariste, granddaughter, 2 of that Cleisthenes who, in such noble fashion, expelled the Peisistratidae and destroyed their tyranny, instituted laws, and established a constitution best tempered for the promotion of harmony and safety.
	www.arches.uga.edu /~fvankeur/classical/ancient/text35.html (390 words)

	Osprey Men-at-Arms 121 : Armies of the Carthaginian Wars 265-146 BC
		In the spring of 255 BC a Spartan adventurer named Xanthippus found himself in command of the entire Carthaginian army - an army facing the might of Rome, no less.
		At the battle of Tunes, Xanthippus placed 100 elephants in the front line to break up the legions, and positioned cavalry and light troops on the flanks with the heavy infantry phalanxes extended across the whole battlefield.
		As the phalanxes on the flanks were concealed by the cavalry and light troops, the Romans did not realise their own heavy infantry line was outflanked.
	www.militaryfocus.com /osprey/men-at-arms/121.htm (234 words)

	Xanthippus - Result for Xanthippus - Meaning of Xanthippus - Definition of Xanthippus - Dictionary of Meaning - ...
		'''Xanthippus''' was a Greece Greek (possibly Sparta n) mercenary general hired by the Carthaginian s to aid in their war against the Romans during the First Punic War.
		---- '''Xanthippus''' was also the father of the Ancient Greece Ancient Greek statesman Pericles, and was Archons of Athens eponymous archon of Athens in 479 BC.
		There you find a list of all editors and the possibility to edit the original text of the article Xanthippus.
	www.mauspfeil.net /Xanthippus.html (161 words)

	Summary of and commentary on Herodotus' Histories, book 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Athenians, however, decide to stay where they are, and lay siege to Sestos, a small but important citadel, commanding the entrance of the Hellespont.
		Their commander is Xanthippus, and after some time he takes the city.
		Xanthippus' action meant the beginning of the Athenian empire, which was to dominate the fifty years between the Persian War and the publication of The Histories.
	www.livius.org /he-hg/herodotus/logos9_28.html (389 words)

	Roman to Julian Conversion: AUC 499 = 255 BC
		Roman to Julian Conversion: AUC 499 = 255 BC Polybius 1.31.4 notes that at the end of the previous consular year the suffect consul M. Atilius Regulus was anxious to negotiate a Carthaginian surrender or to defeat them before his term of office expired.
		After the negotiations, he was himself devastatingly defeated by an army newly and rapidly trained and led by the Spartan mercenary Xanthippus, who had entered Carthaginian service in the interim.
		Since it must have taken Xanthippus a few weeks to train the Carthaginian army, this battle cannot have occurred much before April.
	www.tyndale.cam.ac.uk /Egypt/ptolemies/chron/roman/255bc.htm (482 words)

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