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Topic: Xavante language

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	Earth Island Institute: Earth Island Journal - Summer 2003
		The Xavante Indians of the Mato Grosso plateau of central Brazil live on a fraction of their former lands, in a mosaic of ecosystems including dense gallery forests covering the banks of wild rivers, thick jungle, palm forests, grasslands, parklands, and wetlands.
		The Xavante once defended a vast territory between the Araguaia and Tocantins rivers, but were forced to settle on a reservation near the Rio das Mortes, or River of Death, named after a bloody battle between the tribe and encroaching settlers.
		Xavante villages are arranged in a crescent of large shelters made of tree trunks, bamboo and palm leaves.
	www.earthisland.org /eijournal/new_articles.cfm?articleID=686&journalID=68 (2933 words)

	Xavante language - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Xavante people are renowned as aggressive and prideful, but are most famous for their dualistic societal structure.
		The Xavante are also known for their complex initiation rituals for young males in which a wooden earring is inserted in the earlobe.
		The Xavante language is unique because of its 13 vowels and matching 13 consonants, its Object-Subject-Verb grammatical organization, and its interesting use of honorary and endearment terms in its morphology.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Xavante_language (139 words)

	Xavante language - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Xavante language is a Macro-Gê language spoken in about 60 villages in the area surrounding Eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil.
		The Xavante are also known for their complex initiation rituals for young males in which awooden earring is inserted in the earlobe.
		The Xavante language isunique because of its 13 vowels and matching 13 consonants, its Object-Subject-Verb grammatical organization, and its interesting use of honorary and endearment termsin its morphology.
	www.the-free-web-encyclopedia.com /default.asp?t=Xavante_language (116 words)

	The Xavante Indians of Brazil reach out in the struggle for their land and their survival.
		The Xavante Indians of the Mato Grosso plateau of central Brazil live in a fraction of their traditional lands in a mosaic of ecosystems including dense gallery forests covering the banks of wild rivers, impassible jungle, palm forests, grasslands, parklands, and wetlands.
		For millennia, the Xavante have lived a semi-nomadic life in a remote part of the country where their strong cultural heritage, connection with the ancestors and hunting and gathering practices have enabled them to maintain their traditional way of life.
		The Xavante once defended a vast territory between the Araguaia and Tocantins rivers but were forced by Brazilian expansionism to settle on a reservation near the Rio Das Mortes, or River of Death, named after a bloody battle between the tribe and encroaching settlers.
	www.nativeland.org /circle.html (3785 words)

	Xavante language
		The Xavante language is spoken in about 60 villages in the area surrounding Eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil.
		The Xavante are also known for their complex initiation ritiuals for young males in which wooden earring is inserted in the earlobe.
		The Xavante language is unique because of its 13 vowels and matching 13 consonants, its Object-Subject-Verb grammatical organization, and its interesting use of honorary and endearment terms in its morphology.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/x/xa/xavante_language.html (130 words)

	ANTH 6306 Language and Education in Latin America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Without taking sides in the debate over language 3 policy, it is worth mentioning that some advocate instructing students in their first language because the literacy skills acquired in one language can be transferred to other languages, and developing skills is easiest in the student's mother tongue (Dutcher 1982).
		Due to the variety of languages, their sociolinguistic characteristics have not been sufficiently studied and it is not possible to obtain a complete overview of the different ethnic groups.
		However, there are three major language families among the indigenous languages: Uto-Nahua, which is found mainly in the northern and central part of the country; Oto-Mangue, in the central area; and Mayan, in the central and southern regions (Modiano 1988: 314).
	faculty.smu.edu /RKEMPER/anth_6306/anth_6306_language_and_education_in_latin_america.htm (8276 words)

	Xavante language Article, Xavantelanguage Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Xavante are also known for their complex initiation ritiuals for young males in which woodenearring is inserted in the earlobe.
		The Xavante language is uniquebecause of its 13 vowels and matching 13 consonants, its Object-Subject-Verb grammatical organization, and its interesting use of honorary and endearment termsin its morphology.
		xavante lagnuage, passes, xvante language, increased,, uniquebecause, xavante languge, earlobe, xavante languae, ritiuals, avante language, woodenearring, xavante lanuage, matching, xaante language, termsin, xavante lanugage, morphology, x...
	www.anoca.org /size/passes/xavante_language.html (181 words)

	Cultural Survival
		Xavante leaders from the Association of Pimentel Barbosa village denounce the project and are campaigning to stop it.
		Xavante opposition to the project dates to an historic meeting held in October, 1996 that brought together representatives from all villages in the Pimentel Barbosa and Are...es reserves.
		Xavante from Pimentel Barbosa are using small boats supplied by the World Wildlife Fund, which has a wildlife management project in the area, to patrol the stretch of river bordering their reserve.
	www.cs.org /publications/CSQ/csq-article.cfm?id=511 (1592 words)

	Xavante
		By the end of the 50s, all of the Xavante factions, which had since migrated to the state of Mato Grosso, had been pacified – the last of the large tribal groups in Brazil to initiate regular contact with the outside world.
		The Xavante language has 13 consonants and 13 vowels - four of which are nasal.
		McLeod, Ruth, 1974, Fonemas Xavante (in Portuguese, 128 kB), Série Lingüística Nº 3: 131-152.
	www.sil.org /americas/brasil/LANGPAGE/EnglXVPg.htm (554 words)

	Emily Burridge - Bridge Between Worlds - mp3 downloads (samples and full length)
		The tradition of singing is at the core of Xavante culture and is practised daily in groups and by individuals for ritualistic purposes and as a recreational activity.
		The prayer is in the Xavante language and the only word that is recognisable is the word Maria which reflects the influence of the missionary and the Roman Catholic faith.
		The Xavante tribe are indigenous to the Mato Grosso region of Brazil.
	www.emilyburridge.com /WHWMCD04_bridge.php (1255 words)

	The Great Web of Percy Harrison Fawcett
		The Xavante lived in an area now known as the State of Goias and were lots of them but have been reduced to a mere 1000 or hundreds in 17th and 18th century through the Bandeirantes, military.
		The Xavante had enough of it, of the betrayal, slavery and abuse and at one point killed all the captiães and fled back to the forests.
		Near the Xavante village in the Kuluene reservation lies a very mysterious lake -I remember it to be steel blue- in which the Xavante dare to swim but are afraid to dive in it for the fear of being sucked in at the bottom by the evil spirits.
	www.phfawcettsweb.org /xavante13328.htm (6740 words)

	Digital Division is Cultural Exclusion. But Is Digital Inclusion Cultural Inclusion?
		When he had become old, Xavante [Xavante] was given the opportunity to record in a book the story of his people.
		Copyright, language, organization of information, and other issues challenge digitization projects and remain to be resolved before collaborative projects will result in digital and cultural inclusion of socially marginalized communities.
		According to Pappiani, when she recorded for publication the stories of old Xavantes in villages, what was really important for the community was that it it created an opportunity for the younger generation to be exposed to traditional stories.
	www.dlib.org /dlib/march02/worcman/03worcman.html (2833 words)

	Circle of Stories . We Are Here \| PBS
		Master/apprentice language programs match language bearers with youth eager to learn their language and ways; video and audio ethnography is helping to teach new generations traditional arts and sciences; land acquisition projects are establishing cultural and ecological preserves where the land is protected and tended by ceremony.
		The languages are vanishing with the elders who are the keepers of the ancestral voice and collective memory.
		The Xavante Indians of the Mato Grosso of Brazil are battling the multi-national Hydrovia Project.
	www.pbs.org /circleofstories/wearehere/index.html (954 words)

	XAVANTE :: Encyclopedia :: Indigenous Peoples in Brazil :: ISA
		The Xavante, self-denominated Akwe, are together with the Xerente the Acuen branch of the peoples speaking the Jê linguistic family in Central Brazil.
		National Integration Program ideology, in 1946 the first local Xavante group is reached and subdued by the Indian Protection Service by the Mortes river; until 1957 the remainder, exhausted by epidemics, persecutions and massacres were also forced to accept contact.
		That in fact is the key to the cultural elaboration of the Xavante, built and rebuilt throughout time and myriad historical experiences, but always nurtured as the fundament of their original way of being, thinking and living.
	www.socioambiental.org /pib/epienglish/xavante/xavante.shtm (385 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Xavante
		The Xavante (also Shavante, Chavante, Akuen, A'uwe, Akwe, Awen, or Akwen) are an indigenous people, comprised of some 9,600 individuals (2000 est.) within the territory of eastern Mato Grosso state in Brazil.
		An example of inter-clan relationships are the traditional log races, where the two clans compete in a race to carry palm tree trunks weighing as much as 80 kg to a defined point.
		The Xavante are also known for their complex initiation rituals for young males, such as when small wooden sticks are inserted in the earlobes at the age of fourteen.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Xavante (327 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:XAV
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005).
		Ethnologue data from Ethnologue: Languages of the World, 14th Edition
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=XAV (67 words)

	Phonetics Encyclopedia Information @ Karr.net (Karr Network) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is concerned with the actual properties of speech sounds (Phonetics departments at universities) as well as those of non-speech sounds, and their production, audition and perception, as opposed to ancient India, which is the study of sound systems and abstract sound units (such as ISBN 0-631-22927-2 and Etymology).
		Phonetics deals with the sounds themselves rather than the contexts in which they are used in languages.
		Phonetics was studied as early as 2,500 years ago in Prototype semantics, with speech organs's account of the place and manner of articulation of consonants in his Sociolinguistics treatise on Language acquisition.
	www.karr.net /encyclopedia/Phonetics (685 words)

	Xavante language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Language Center in Hamburg, Germany, is a large institute which offers language classes in German as a foreign language as well as classes in 18 other languages plus language travels in 20 different countries.
		The Language Dorm is a selective house whose objective is to create a community of foreign language students and native speakers to foster the learning and sharing of culture and language.
		Language combining C and Linda, gives six functions for concurrent process coordination, can be added to any other sequential language, unlike many other parallel languages, programmers needn't learn a new language.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=Xavante_language (1765 words)

	Linguistics Principles: Language Parts (Syntax)
		Because the users of a language know the syntactic ordering of the language, they are able to parse an infinite number of sentences.
		In VO languages (SVO, VSO, or VOS), auxiliary verbs ("to be," etc.) tend to precede the verb, adverbs tend to follow the verb, and prepositions tend to precede the noun.
		In OV languages (SOV, OSV, and OVS), most of which are SOV, like Japanese, auxiliary verbs tend to follow the verb, adverbs tend to precede the verb, and there are post-positions instead of prepositions.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Acropolis/1470/chap-2-4-2.html (878 words)

	- Meeting The Other (How to Learn about Humanity)
		By the time we had studied anthropology, lived with the Xerente, learned their language, and received some funds to go and work among the Xavante, we already had a baby son.
		After all, the Xavante had a fierce reputation and many of their communities had not yet made peace with the Brazilians.
		The Xavante gathered around us, eyeing our belongings with interest and pointing out the Xerente sling, woven from palm fiber, in which my wife was carrying our son.
	www.matriarchy.info /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=27&Itemid=26 (1289 words)

	Xavante language . Mato Grosso . Brazil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Xavante language is a Macro-Gê languages Macro-Gê language spoken in about 60 villages in the area surrounding Eastern Mato Grosso, Brazil.
		Two clans, the âwawẽ and po reza õno comprise the culture, and marriage is not allowed between members of the same group.
		The Xavante language is unique because of its 13 vowels and matching 13 consonants, its Object-Subject-Verb grammatical organization, and its interesting use of honorary and endearment
	www.uk.fraquisanto.net /Xavante_language (264 words)

	Linguistic Course Description
		The concept of linguistic diversity and inequality cannot be presented without a brief introduction to the concept of human language in general, including its evolution and importance in the development of human culture.
		Discussions of gestural as well as spoken language, the anatomy of speech, and language’s place alongside bipedal locomotion and pair bonding in human evolution should all be included.
		The chapters on Language, Culture, and the History of Anthropology generally discuss the field of linguistics and its use by early anthropologists in cultural descriptions.
	socsci.mccneb.edu /linguistics (2088 words)

	Brazil - Brasil - BRAZZIL - News from Brazil - The Xavante Fight for Land - Brazilian Indians - February 2004
		In his statement, Raul also explained that the he had been wounded in a conflict in which, in addition to the stabs he got, five indigenous people were murdered.
		The Xavante were expelled from the Maráiwatsedé land where, in 1967, the Suiá Missú farm was established.
		During the seminar, the rector of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Paulo Speller, took on the commitment to organize a signed petition in favor of the struggle of the Xavante people of the Maráiwatsedé land and assign the Rondon Museum to collect the signatures.
	www.brazil-brasil.com /2004/html/articles/feb04/p103feb04.htm (464 words)

	Subject Object Verb - Wikinfo
		Subject Object Verb (SOV) is a term used in linguistic typology to state the general order of words in a language's sentences: "Sam oranges ate".
		SOV languages tend to have the adjectives before nouns, to use postpositions rather than prepositions, to place relative clauses before the nouns to which they refer, and to place auxiliary verbs after the action verb.
		SOV languages also seem to exhibit a tendency towards using a Time-Manner-Place ordering of prepositional phrases.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Subject_Object_Verb&printable=yes (832 words)

	H-Net Review: Iain S. Maclean on Performing Dreams: Discourses of Immortality among the Xavante of ...
		Graham's argument is that the Xavante themselves are not passive actors, but rather active participants in continuously re-creating their past in order to confront the present.
		This external history,as it were, has witnessed the compression of Xavante living space, the greater fragmentation of tribal unity, and the rapid acquisition of the trappings of modern consumerist society.
		Graham's contribution to the literature on the Ge and the Xavante in particular is significant.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=15718846623834 (1574 words)

	Xavante Language Encyclopedia Information @ Karr.net (Karr Network) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Xavante Language Encyclopedia Information @ Karr.net (Karr Network)
		The Xavante language is a Foco e Tópico em Xavante spoken by the edit people in about 170 villages in the area surrounding Eastern Back, Flap.
		The Xavante language is unique because of its 13 vowels and matching 13 consonants, its Mato Grosso grammatical organization, and its interesting use of honorary and endearment terms in its morphology.
	216.92.11.22 /encyclopedia/Xavante_language (245 words)

	- Meeting The Other (How to Learn about Humanity) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		But such a people might not welcome outsiders and they probably would speak only their own language, so it was not clear how one could talk to them.
		By the time we had studied anthropology, lived with the Xerente, learned their language, and received some funds to go and work among the Xavante, we already had a baby son.
		The Xavante gathered around us, eyeing our belongings with interest and pointing out the Xerente sling, woven from palm fiber, in which my wife was carrying our son.
	www.promatriarchy.net /index.php?option=content&task=view&id=27 (1257 words)

	Spoken Languages of the World - X...
		It is estimated that there are over 10,000 spoken languages and dialects in the world.
		Spoken languages - also known as speechforms - are identified by a language name optionally followed by a colon and dialect name.
		Other language information is available from The Ethnologue, the Joshua Project, and Peoplegroups.org.
	globalrecordings.net /languages/X (154 words)

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