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Topic: Xenarthra

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	T. Gaudin's recent publications
		Gaudin, T.J. The ear region of edentates and the phylogeny of the Tardigrada (Mammalia, Xenarthra).
		Gaudin, T.J. The morphology of xenarthrous vertebrae (Mammalia, Xenarthra).
		Gaudin, T.J. The ear region of the Pilosa (Mammalia, Xenarthra) and the phylogeny of the Tardigrada.
	www.utc.edu /Faculty/Timothy-Gaudin/gaudin_recentpubl.htm (1079 words)

	Xenarthra
		The morphology of Xenarthrans generally suggests that the anteaters and sloths are closest together within Xenarthra.
		The order Xenarthra is more and more often divided into two orders: Pilosa, containing the Vermilingua and Tardigrada, and the separate order Cingulata.
		The Xenarthra are part of the super-cohort Atlantogenata.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/x/xe/xenarthra.html (340 words)

	ARMADILLOS
		The name Xenarthra means "strange joint", referring to the extra articulations (called xenarthrales) found between the vertebrae connections.
		It is believed that the sloths, anteaters, and armadillos diverged at least 75-80 million years ago and that they are at least as distinct from one another as are carnivores, bats, and primates.
		The Xenarthra once were far more diverse than today; there are known to be ten times as many fossil as living genera.
	www.bobpickett.org /order_xenarthra.htm (985 words)

	Xenarthra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		All living species are New World mammals, the largest being the giant anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla (shown at left), which reaches a length of 120 cm/3' 7" and a weight up to 40 kg/83 pounds.
		Xenarthra share the following characters: Females have a common urogenital duct; toes all strongly clawed; testes interior, between bladder and rectum; double posterior vena cava.
		Giant anteaters use a long, sticky tongue to capture the huge quantities of ants and termites.
	www.curator.org /LegacyVMNH/WebOfLife/Kingdom/P_Chordata/ClassMammalia/ClassMammalia/OrderXenarthra/xenarthra.htm (118 words)

	Mammal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Afrotheria proceeded to evolve and diversify in the isolation of the African-Arabian continent.
		The Xenarthra, isolated in South America, diverged from the Boreoeutheria approximately 100–95 mya.
		Further there is some indication from Retrotransposon presence/absence data that the traditional Epitheria hypothesis, suggesting Xenarthra as the first divergence, might be true.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mammal (2079 words)

	Xenarthra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The order Xenarthra is a group of placental mammals, extant todayonly in the Americas.
		It was subsequently realised that Edentata was polyphyletic —that it contained unrelated families and wasthus invalid.
		The name Xenarthra means "strange joints", and was chosen becausetheir vertebral joints are unlike those of any other mammals.
	www.therfcc.org /xenarthra-88786.html (163 words)

	Digimorph - Zaedyus pichiy (Pichi)
		Armadillos are members of Xenarthra, which also includes the vermilinguas (ant and termite eaters) and sloths.
		Osteological characteristics of Xenarthra include xenarthrous articulations of the vertebrae, the fusion of the transverse processes of the anterior caudal vertebrate to the ischia to form a single pelvic assembly, and the presence of dermal ossicles (Engelmann, 1985).
		Engelmann, G. The phylogeny of the Xenarthra; pp.
	digimorph.org /specimens/Zaedyus_pichiy/head (528 words)

	Geometry.Net - Science: Xenarthra
		The morphology of xenarthrous vertebrae (Mammalia: Xenarthra) (Fieldiana) by Timothy J Gaudin, 1999
		THE ORDER XENARTHRA: Southern North America and South America is their distribution, and the Xenarthrans consist of 29 species in four distinct families: anteaters, sloths (two families - two and three-toed), and armadillos.
		The name Xenarthra usually has been applied at the subordinal level, with the name Edentata being given to an order that included the Xenarthra and the supposedly ancestral suborder Palaeanodonta.
	www.geometry.net /detail/science/xenarthra.html (2616 words)

	G
		The ear region of the Pilosa (Mammalia, Xenarthra) and the phylogeny of the Tardigrada.
		The ear region of Edentates and the phylogeny of the Tardigrada (Mammalia, Xenarthra).
		Phylogenetic relationships among sloths (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada): the craniodental evidence.
	www.sloth-world.org /G.html (474 words)

	Brown Throated three-toed sloth
		Although the suborder Xenarthra identifies its member as possessing extraarticulations between the lower dorsal and the lumbar vertebrae, they are poorly developed in Bradypus (Frenchkop 1953).
		The suborder Xenarthra includes the family Bradypodidae (sloth), Myrmecophagidae (ant-eaters), and the Dasypodidae (armadillos) (Goffart 1971).
		Within the order Xenarthra, sloths are perhaps the most highly diversified animal group, mostly of which are represented in fossil record (Wetzel 1985).
	bss.sfsu.edu /geog/bholzman/courses/fall99projects/sloth.htm (3017 words)

	Xenarthra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It was subsequently realised that was polyphyletic —that it contained unrelated families and was thus invalid.
		Aardvarks and are now placed in individual orders and new order Xenarthra was erected to group remaining families (which are all related).
		The name Xenarthra means "strange joints" and was chosen their vertebral joints are unlike those of other mammals.
	www.freeglossary.com /Edentata (161 words)

	Xenarthra - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Xenarthra, order of mammals that includes armadillos, anteaters, and sloths.
		Scientific classification: Sloths belong to the order Xenarthra.
		Three-toed sloths make up the genus Bradypus in the family Bradypodidae.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Xenarthra.html (56 words)

	Recent Pubs
		The medial carpal and metacarpal elements of Eremotherium and Megatherium (Xenarthra: Mammalia).
		sp (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megatheriidae) from the Pleistocene of
		New megalonychid sloths (Phyllophaga, Xenarthra) from the Quaternay of Hispaniola.
	www.sloth-world.org /recntpub.html (1012 words)

	Xenarthra: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The order Xenarthra is a group of placental mammal[For more info, click on this link]s, EHandler: no quick summary.
		(and the new order Xenarthra was erected to group the remaining families (which are all related).
		The name Xenarthra means "strange joints", EHandler: no quick summary.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/x/xe/xenarthra.htm (666 words)

	Molecular Phylogeny of Living Xenarthrans and the Impact of Character and Taxon Sampling on the Placental Tree Rooting ...
		clades Afrotheria and Xenarthra and a monophyletic Northern
		Xenarthra to assess its impact on the location of the root on
		Gaudin T. Branham, 1998 The phylogeny of the Myrmecophagidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Vermilingua) and the relationship of Eurotamandua to the Vermilingua J. Mamm.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/19/10/1656 (6413 words)

	Genetics and Molecular Biology - Chromosome study of Anteaters (Myrmecophagideae, Xenarthra): a preliminary report (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Anteaters belong to the Order Xenarthra / Family Myrmecophagidae and are the only members without teeth.
		Jorge W (2000) Mitotic and meiotic chromosome studies in silky anteater Cyclopes didactylus (Myrmecophagidae: Xenarthra).
		Wetzel RM (1985) The identification and distribution of recent Xenarthra (= Edentata).
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?pid=S1415-47572004000300014&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en (1700 words)

	Xenarthra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		El orden Xenarthra es un grupo perteneciente a los Mamíferos placentarios, en la actualidad existente únicamente en el continente americano.
		En la actualidad, los pangolines y armadillos africanos pertenencen a órdenes individuales y la nueva clase Xenarthra se constituyó con las familias restantes (todas ellas relacionadas).
		El nombre Xenarthra significa "articulaciones insólitas" y fue elegido porque las articulaciones vertebrales en este grupo son diferentes a las de cualquier otro mamífero.
	xenarthra.es.exsugo.org (190 words)

	Introduction to the Xenarthra
		Anteaters, armadillos, and sloths are a group of eutherian mammals known as the Xenarthra.
		They were once placed in the order Edentata and are still often referred to as edentates, a word that means "toothless." Although xenarthrans such as anteaters are indeed toothless, the giant armadillo has as many as 100 teeth, more than almost any other mammal.
		Members of the mammalian group Edentata not only include the 31 living species of armadillos, true anteaters, and tree sloths, but also contain eight families of extinct ground sloths and armadillo-like animals.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /mammal/xenarthra.html (313 words)

	Mammalia: Xenarthra - Nebengelenktiere
		Die Xenarthra sind durch die 3 Unterordnungen der Ameisenbären, Faultiere und Gürteltiere vertreten.
		Bei den Faultieren und den baumlebenden Arten der Ameisenbären lassen sich keine Beziehungen zwischen Bewegung und Nebengelenken mehr erkennen.
		Das Gehirn ist bei den Vertreter der Xenarthra noch recht ursprünglich ausgebildet: wenig gefurchte Vorderhirnhälften, große Richlappen und ausgeprägtes Richhirn.
	www.faunistik.net /BSWT/MAMMALIA/XENARTHRA/xenarthra_01.html (127 words)

	American Zoologist: Using phylogenies to study convergence: The case of the ant-eating mammals
		Identifying when homoplasy is due to convergence requires confidence in trees and precise analysis of potentially convergent characters.
		Some features of mammals that eat mostly ants and termites are used as examples of convergence; the most speciose assemblages of these mammals are in the orders Xenarthra and Pholidota.
		My studies on cranial muscles in xenarthrans and pholidotans aim to 1) precisely describe the anatomy in ant-eating and non-ant-eating lineages, 2) assess variation among ant-eating lineages, and 3) compare the most derived conditions (in xenarthran anteaters and pholidotan pangolins).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3746/is_200106/ai_n8995466 (384 words)

	Mammalian mitogenomic relationships and the root of the eutherian tree -- Arnason et al., 10.1073/pnas.102164299 -- ...
		of Xenarthra and Pholidota are fundamental to the discussion of
		Xenarthra (followed by the African clade) became a basal taxon
		Xenarthra became the sister group of an assembly that included
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/102164299v1 (4586 words)

	D
		Eremotherium sefvei nov. sp (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megatheriidae) from the Pleistocene of
		Estudios correlativos paleo-neoneurológicos en edentados xenartros (Mammalia, Edentata, Xenarthra): Neuroevolución.
		Interpretación del molde endocraneano de Eucholoeops fronto, un Megalonychidae (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Tardigrada) del Mioceno temprano de Patagonia (Argentina).
	www.sloth-world.org /D.html (577 words)

	ECOLOGY PHOTOGRAPHIC™ Bradypus-1
		The trees within its habitat must be close enough together for the sloth to proceed around the fo...
		Once fully weaned, approximately six months, the mother leaves her territory to the baby and shif...
		Bradypus variegatus is a remarkably slow moving, nocturnal and diurnal mammal.
	www.ecology.org /ecophoto/CostaRica/Bradypus.html (1273 words)

	Armadillo Relatives
		There are four families of animals in the order Xenarthra: The armadillos (family Dasypodidae), the three-toed sloths (family Bradypodidae), the two-toed sloths (family Megalonychidae), and the anteaters (family Myrmecophagidae).
		You may have heard that the armadillo is related to some other animals, like opossums or pangolins, scaly creatures from Africa and Asia.
		This isn't true — Armadillos are part of a very small group (Order Xenarthra — armadillos, South American anteaters, and sloths).
	www.msu.edu /~nixonjos/armadillo/xenarthrans.html (693 words)

	AMNH Bestiary
		The fossil giant armadillos of North America (Pampatheriinae, Xenarthra = Edentata).
		Be sure to see a mounted specimen (the real thing!) of this species at the AMNH!
		See also: McDonald, H. The Shasta ground sloth Nothrotheriops shastensis (Xenarthra, Megatheriidae) in the Middle Plesitocene of Florida.
	www.amnh.org /science/biodiversity/extinction/Resources/Bestiary/Xenarthra.html (620 words)

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