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Topic: Xenoestrogen

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	Xenoestrogen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Xenoestrogens are synthetic substances that differ from those produced by living organisms and imitate or enhance the effect of estrogens.
		Xenoestrogens are part of a heterogeneous group of chemicals that are hormone or endocrine disruptors.
		Foremost is the concern that xenoestrogens as false messengers disrupt the process of reproduction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xenoestrogen (477 words)

	FarShores.org: James Donahue Column - The Plastic Xenoestrogen Horror (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Donahue said the production of plastic generates xenoestrogen, a synthetic hormone that has been silently polluting the air, water and soul for nearly a century.
		Thus xenoestrogen means a foreign, or synthetic form of the hormone estrogen.
		The xenoestrogens are not only creating a hormonal imbalance and breakdown of sex drive in humans, they are affecting animals and even plants.
	farshores.org /jd061205.htm (812 words)

	Our Stolen Future: Weak estrogens comparable to estradiol at triggering cell membrane receptor response.
		A growing body of literature is revealing that even through this 'traditional' mechanistic pathway, some xenoestrogens alter biological functions at levels far beneath current safety standards, for example, bisphenol A.
		The altered pathway is centrally involved in the control of a wide array of developmental and physiological functions, including affecting release patterns of prolactin, a hormone that influences behavior and fertility.
		This study demonstrates that xenoestrogens alter a major biochemical signaling pathway with effects comparable to, and sometimes greater than, similar concentrations of estradiol.
	ourstolenfuture.org /NewScience/lowdose/2005/2005-0115wozniaketal.htm (1562 words)

	Combining Xenoestrogens at Levels below Individual No-Observed-Effect Concentrations Dramatically Enhances Steroid ...
		The enormous discrepancies between the high concentrations of xenoestrogens often required to produce effects in laboratory assays and their low levels in human tissues and the environment have fueled the belief that synergisms between these chemicals need to be invoked to explain possible health risks to humans and wildlife.
		The impact of xenoestrogens in mixtures with 17ß-estradiol becomes discernible when mixture effects are plotted in terms of the concentration of steroid hormone in the mixture, along with the dose-response curve of the hormone alone.
		With all three mixtures, the contribution of the xenoestrogens revealed itself as a shift of the mixture concentration-response curves to the left of the 17ß-estradiol curve.
	www.mindfully.org /Pesticide/2002/Xenoestrogens-NOEC-EHPSep02.htm (4522 words)

	Risk In Perspective: Are Chemicals In the Environment Disrupting Hormonal Control Of Growth and Development? - C3.org
		Such compounds are coming to be termed "xenoestrogens," referring to the fact that they are agents foreign to the body's own metabolism yet have properties that mimic those of endogenous sex hormones.
		Some scientists have questioned whether the low levels of manmade xenoestrogens in the environment can plausibly be thought to affect the risks of hormonally influenced cancers when the exposure levels are over a hundredfold less than exposures to naturally occurring phytoestrogens--and millions of times smaller than exposures to estrogens in birth control pills.
		The wide span of opinion on the xenoestrogen issue is typical of the early stages of an emerging scientific question, when possibilities of great concern are raised, but existing information (and, perhaps more importantly, scientific consensus about the meaning of that information) is insufficient to resolve whether or not emerging fears are well founded.
	c3.org /chlorine_issues/health/hormgrow.html (1379 words)

	Xenoestrogen
		These chemicals are being termed xenoestrogens: substances foreign to the human body that, directly or indirectly, act like estrogens.Xenoestrogens are a hot area of research right now among biochemists, epidemiologists, cancer researchers and endocrinologists.
		She also suspects xenoestrogens could be contributing to the 400% increase in ectopic (outside the uterus) pregnancies between 1970 and 1987.
		In the case of xenoestrogens, many environmental and women's health activists have been at work behind the scenes - and sometimes in the streets - to insist that particular questions be asked and answered.
	www.infertilityworkshop.com /articles/hormonalhealth/xenoestrogen.htm (2283 words)

	Xenoestrogen-Induced ERK-1 and ERK-2 Activation via Multiple Membrane-Initiated Signaling Pathways
		Xenoestrogens are highly diverse in structure, and the conformation of different xenoestrogen-ER complexes could be significantly different from that of an E
		Assessment of the effects of metabolism on the estrogenic activity of xenoestrogens: a two-stage approach coupling human liver microsomes and a yeast estrogenicity assay.
		Xenoestrogens and the induction of proliferative effects in breast cancer cells via direct activation of oestrogen receptor alpha.
	www.ehponline.org /members/2004/7175/7175.html (5259 words)

	Our Stolen Future: Xenoestrogens at levels below "no-effect" add to have big effects
		The additive impact of a collection of xenoestrogens, each of them at concentrations beneath their individual "no effect" level, was to more than double the effect of natural estrogen by itself.
		They did this first by combining each xenoestrogen in a xenoestrogen stock mixture with each compound present in proportion to its concentration level necessary to provoke 1% of the maximum response.
		For each xenoestrogen they had determined a "no-effect" level, that is, the highest concentration of that compound that caused no statistically-significant effect.
	www.ourstolenfuture.org /NewScience/synergy/2002-08rajapakseetal.htm (1448 words)

	Xenoestrogen effects (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Environmental estrogens, or "xenoestrogens," are compounds that mimic the ac-tions of endogenous estrogens or alter their activity.
		Environmental estrogens, or "xenoestrogens," are compounds that mimic the ac-tions of endogenous estrogens or alter the hormone's activity.
		Although xenoestrogens are not necessarily the cause of this effect, the authors suggested that environmental factors were likely to be involved.
	www.manu.edu.mk /rcgeb/tempus/Xenoestrogeneffects.html (2061 words)

	Kindred Spirit, Mind body and Spirit Magazine - xenoestrogen
		If you find talk of xenoestrogen somewhat foreign, you may be reassured by the fact that that is precisely what they are: xeno is the Greek word for foreign or strange.
		The similarity between xenoestrogens and the natural ones that we make ourselves lies in what is called a phenolated A-ring.
		Xenoestrogens are also to be found in the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) used in electronics manufacturing, and in hundreds of herbicides and pesticides such as DDT and its more potent cousin DDE, which are still wreaking their long-term environmental havoc, and indeed, continue to be used in third world countries.
	www.kindredspirit.co.uk /articles/3331_xenoestrogen.asp (698 words)

	Estrogens in the Environment - The World & I Online Magazine
		Intrauterine exposure to xenoestrogens during testicular development is thought to be the cause.
		The xenoestrogen bisphenol-A has been found to leach out of polycarbonate bottles, especially when they are heated or scratched.
		Unlike artificially produced xenoestrogens, phytoestrogens are generally not stored in the body but are readily metabolized and excreted.
	www.worldandi.com /public/2001/October/ee.html (2631 words)

	Current methods of measuring effects of xenoestrogens are too crude
		Such prenatal exposure could be behind increasing rates of testicular and breast cancer, the decline in male fertility and sperm quality, and an increase in the number of deformations of the male genital tract, said Dr. Ana Soto of Tufts University.
		These chemicals, known collectively as environmental estrogens or xenoestrogens, are so called because they exert estrogen-like effects, causing breast cells to grow and increasing uterine tissue mass.
		Soto also conducted studies in mice that showed exposing the animals to low levels of bisphenol A, a xenoestrogen released from the linings of metal cans, during pregnancy resulted in changes in their offspring.
	www.nobreastcyst.com /newxeno.html (786 words)

	[at-l] Cooling in Plastic
		GEDRI Project: Xenoestrogen effects during premeiotic stages of spermatogenesis: Development of an invitro test system and molecular markers of action.
		The wide span of opinion on the xenoestrogen issue is typical of the early stages of an emerging scientific question, when possibilities of great concern are...
		Xenoestrogen biomarker responses in plasma and liver of juvenile Atlantic salmon (salmo salar...
	www.backcountry.net /arch/at/0201/msg01684.html (588 words)

	Xenoestrogens Cause Fibrocystic Breast Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		In this case, xenoestrogens stored in the body fat or from an recognized source may be considered.
		In this case, there may be an unrecognized source of estrogen in the form of pesticide/herbicide spraying nearby; or the xenoestrogen may be stored in the body fat.
		Initially, I was extremely skeptical, but after talking with many fibrocystic breast disease patients, I found that getting into a fight with other females and not be able to forgive and still being angry/upset about the person is found in many but not all patients.
	www.fibrocystic.com /fail.htm (1587 words)

	[at-l] Cooling in Plastic
		GEDRI Project: Xenoestrogen effects during premeiotic stages of > spermatogenesis: > Development of an invitro test system and molecular markers of action.
		The wide span of opinion on the xenoestrogen issue is typical of the > early stages > of an emerging scientific question, when possibilities of great concern are >...
		Xenoestrogen > biomarker > responses in plasma and liver of juvenile Atlantic salmon (salmo salar...
	www.backcountry.net /arch/at/0201/msg01737.html (865 words)

	Environmentally Relevant Xenoestrogen Tissue Concentrations Correlated to Biological Responses in Mice. - Environmental ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Environmentally Relevant Xenoestrogen Tissue Concentrations Correlated to Biological Responses in Mice.
		These values are within the same order of magnitude of blood concentrations found in some human subjects from the general population, suggesting that human blood concentrations of these organochlorines may reach estrogenic levels.
		Which strain of mouse is most appropriate for comparison to the human situation is not known, but certainly the results of the present study indicate that blood levels of o,p'-DDT or [Beta]-HCH in the nanograms per milliliter range have the potential of producing estrogenic effects.
	highbeam.com /library/docfree.asp?DOCID=1G1:68148368&... (4440 words)

	Publications
		Xenoestrogen biomarker responses in plasma and liver of juvenile Atlantic salmon (salmo salar) treated with combined environmental chemicals.
		Xenoestrogen biomarker responses in plasma of juvenile Atlantic salmon (salmo salar) treated with combined environmental chemicals.
		Effects of xenoestrogen treatment on zona radiata protein and vitellogenin expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) Aquat.
	www.uib.no /mbi/arukwe/Publications.html (1447 words)

	Consumption of Xenoestrogen-Contaminated Fish during Lactation Alters Adult Male Reproductive Function -- Aravindakshan ...
		are exposed to xenoestrogens causing male reproductive dysfunction.
		the effects of xenoestrogen contamination in the aquatic ecosystem.
		Arukwe, A. Cellular and molecular responses to endocrine-modulators and the impact on fish reproduction.
	toxsci.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/81/1/179 (5399 words)

	Consequences of Xenoestrogen Exposure on Male Reproductive Function in Spottail Shiners (Notropis hudsonius) -- ...
		Consequences of Xenoestrogen Exposure on Male Reproductive Function in Spottail Shiners (Notropis hudsonius) -- Aravindakshan et al.
		are the result of effects related to the presence of xenoestrogens.
		Arukwe, A., Celius, T., Walther, B. T., and Goksøyr, A. Effects of xenoestrogens treatment on zona radiata protein and vitellogenin expression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).
	toxsci.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/78/1/156 (5569 words)

	Analysis of the Molecular Mechanisms of Human Estrogen Receptors alpha and beta Reveals Differential Specificity in ...
		Estradiol and Xenoestrogen Activation of ER Is Influenced by Promoter Context-- With respect to ER displayed the greatest efficacy (26.1-fold activation) on the 3x-Vit-ERE reporter (Fig.
		Estradiol and Xenoestrogen Activation of ERs Is Influenced by the ER Subtype and Promoter Context-- Transactivation by E
		All Xenoestrogens Are Not Functionally Equivalent-- Our data also demonstrate that the transcriptional activities of ER and ER are dependent on the nature of the bound ligand.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/277/46/44455 (5046 words)

	Xenoestrogen and Endocrine Disrupters (sp)
		Well for the past 70 years (our govt has been aware of this) we have been responsible as consumers for the degredation of all living things in our country which has since spanned to the rest of this world.
		I know, we would have to use our foods sooner because foods oxidize more quickly in glass and paper, but wouldn't it be nice to bring bottling and paper wrapping back to our country on a much larger scale and offer the workers a living wage job?(yeah, I'm dreaming)
		It might not help; then again, it might get the scientists funding for studies into safe harvesting of our planet which will give us healthier reasons to live as long as we do.
	journals.aol.com /goddessof7worlds/Whatsgoingon/entries/657 (691 words)

	Effects of the Xenoestrogen Bisphenol A on Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in the Rat -- Long ...
		Effects of the Xenoestrogen Bisphenol A on Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in the Rat -- Long et al.
		Effects of the Xenoestrogen Bisphenol A on Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in the Rat
		Steinmetz R, Mitchner NA, Grant A, Allen DL, Bigsby RM, Ben-Jonathan N. The xenoestrogen bisphenol A induces growth, differentiation, and c-fos gene expression in the female reproductive tract.
	www.ebmonline.org /cgi/content/full/226/5/477 (3522 words)

	OhioLINK ETD: WETHERILL, YELENA
		Supporting the first part of our hypothesis, we illustrate that BPA transactivates multiple tumor-derived AR alleles in the absence of testicular androgens, thus expanding the potential influence of xenoestrogens on prostate cancer.
		Furthermore, we show that BPA cooperates with androgen in activation of mutant AR alleles.
		Together, these data demonstrate that BPA can serve as a potential “hormone sensitizer” of the mutant androgen receptors present in advanced prostate adenocarcinomas, thereby possibly contributing towards therapeutic relapse in advanced prostate cancer patients and supporting the notion that non-steroidal environmental compounds can alter the function of nuclear receptor complexes.
	rave.ohiolink.edu /etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1109257593 (400 words)

	Xenoestrogen Action in Prostate Cancer: Pleiotropic Effects Dependent on Androgen Receptor Status -- Wetherill et al. ...
		Xenoestrogen Action in Prostate Cancer: Pleiotropic Effects Dependent on Androgen Receptor Status -- Wetherill et al.
		Xenoestrogen Action in Prostate Cancer: Pleiotropic Effects Dependent on Androgen Receptor Status
		The xenoestrogen bisphenol A induces inappropriate androgen receptor activation and mitogenesis in prostatic adenocarcinoma cells.
	cancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/65/1/54 (7421 words)

	Strain Differences in Vaginal Responses to the Xenoestrogen Bisphenol A
		However, metabolic clearance of BPA and the early events that lead to the proliferative response, receptor-ligand interaction and induction of immediate early genes, show no strain differences.
		These observations suggest that differences in intermediate effects must account for the difference in sensitivity of the proliferative response to the xenoestrogen.
		Furthermore, these results point to the need for caution in choosing a suitable end point and animal model when seeking to test the estrogenic effects of xenobiotics.
	www.ehponline.org /docs/2000/108p243-247long/abstract.html (458 words)

	The Xenoestrogen Bisphenol A Induces Growth, Differentiation, and c-fos Gene Expression in the Female Reproductive ...
		The Xenoestrogen Bisphenol A Induces Growth, Differentiation, and c-fos Gene Expression in the Female Reproductive Tract -- Steinmetz et al.
		The Xenoestrogen Bisphenol A Induces Growth, Differentiation, and c-fos Gene Expression in the Female Reproductive Tract
		Nongenomic actions of estrogens and xenoestrogens by binding at a plasma membrane receptor unrelated to estrogen receptor alpha and estrogen receptor beta
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/139/6/2741 (5102 words)

	The Xenoestrogen Bisphenol A Induces Inappropriate Androgen Receptor Activation and Mitogenesis in Prostatic ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The Xenoestrogen Bisphenol A Induces Inappropriate Androgen Receptor Activation and Mitogenesis in Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Cells Molecular Cancer Therapeutics v.1, May02
		Thus, the mechanisms that contribute to inappropriate (androgen-independent) activation of the androgen receptor (AR) is an area of intensive research.
		The mitogenic capacity of BPA occurred in the nanomolar range, indicating that little BPA is required to stimulate proliferation.
	www.mindfully.org /Pesticide/2002/BPA-Prostatic-AdenocarcinomaMay02.htm (341 words)

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