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	WSAVA 2001 - REPAIR OF FEMURAL FRACTURE USING XENOGRAFT IMPLANTS IN CATS
		The purpose of this study was to compare the applicability of xenograft implants made from canine long bones, and conventional bone plates, for repair of femoral fractures in the feline.
		Nine mature persian cats referred to small animal clinic with femoral fractures were selected and xenograft bone plate implants were used to reduce and fix the femoral fracture in five cats and conventional bone plate in four.
		We found that the xenograft bone plate implants were comparable to the conventional bone plate for repair of fractures in cats.
	www.vin.com /VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00237.htm (257 words)

	Diabetes: Autoimmune diabetes and resistance to xenograft... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		We report that rat islet xenograft survival is short in spontaneously diabetic NOD mice treated with a tolerizing regimen of donor-specific transfusion and anti-CD154 antibody.
		Rat islet xenograft survival is prolonged in NOD mice bearing segments of chromosome 3 derived from diabetes-resistant C57BL/10 mice.
		Based on the published experience with allografts, it was not surprising that skin xenograft survival in NOD mice treated with costimulation blockade appears to be controlled at least in part by mechanisms different from those that control islet xenograft survival.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:128712510&refid=holomed_1 (5766 words)

	Functional Evaluation of the Medtronic Stentless Porcine Xenograft Mitral Valve in Sheep -- Dagum et al. 100 ...
		and LV geometry of this unstented xenograft valve with that
		Miniature radiopaque markers were sutured to the annulus (markers 1 to 8), papillary muscle tips (markers 9 and 10), and the central meridian of the anterior and posterior xenograft leaflets (not shown).
		The A wave, which corresponds to transvalvular flow generated by atrial contraction, was fused with the E wave at these fast heart rates or at minimum dampened by the larger and stiffer xenograft leaflets.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/100/suppl_2/II-70 (4680 words)

	Immunology - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		AIDS is an immunodeficiency characterized by the lack of CD4+ ("helper") T cells and macrophages, which are destroyed by the HIV virus.
		Clinical immunologists also study ways to prevent transplant rejection, in which the immune system attempts to destroy allografts or xenografts.
		The use of immune system components to treat a disease or disorder is known as immunotherapy.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /immunology.htm (958 words)

	WSAVA 2001 - TREATMENT OF TIBIA DELAYED UNION BY BOVINE XENOGRAFT IN DOGS
		The purpose of this study was to compare conventional bone plates with xenograft plates made from bovine cortical bone.
		Approximately 50% to 60% of the xenograft bone plate was resorbed on the 150th day post surgery while showing a complete healing at the fracture site.
		It was concluded that xenograft bone plates can act as a supportive means of fixation, and its gradual resorption increases osteogenesis and osteoinduction, which hastens healing time without need of removal.
	www.vin.com /VINDBPub/SearchPB/Proceedings/PR05000/PR00245.htm (284 words)

	Autoimmune Diabetes and Resistance to Xenograft Transplantation Tolerance in NOD Mice -- Gordon et al. 54 (1): 107 -- ...
		Rat islet xenograft survival in spontaneously diabetic NOD mice.
		We observed that islet xenograft survival is prolonged
		of chromosome 3 on islet xenograft tolerance induction.
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/54/1/107 (5076 words)

	Diabetes: Autoimmune diabetes and resistance to xenograft... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		We conclude that the resistance of NOD mice to xenograft tolerance induction involves some mechanisms that also participate in the expression of autoimmunity and other mechanisms that are distinct.
		These data in a xenograft model document that important differences exist in mechanisms that control the resistance of NOD mice to the induction of allograft versus xenograft tolerance.
		NK cells have an important role in xenograft rejection (49-51), and although defective in NOD mice (2), this defect does not appear to be the cause of their resistance to xenograft tolerance induction.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:128712510&refid=holomed_1 (5766 words)

	CERTAIN SUBTYPES OF COMPLEMENT-FIXING XENOREACTIVE ANTIBODIES ARE A MAJOR FACTOR IN XENOGRAFT REJECTION. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		We suggest that the lack of rejection at day 3-4 is due to the absence of C during the time that IgM EXA are present at increased levels.
		Further that the lack of rejection when both IgM antibodies and C are present is due, at lest in part, to the effects of the "protective genes' Conclusion.
		We provide possible mechanisms to explain why hamster heart xenografts survive both early (3-4 day) and later rejection when the recipient is treated with CyA and CVF.
	www.a-s-t.org /abstracts98/abs478.htm (375 words)

	Production of infectious bovine papillomavirus from cloned viral DNA by using an organotypic raft/xenograft technique ...
		Two months after grafting, the surface of the xenograft was scarified, and 50 µl of wart extract was applied.
		Small portions of xenografts were homogenized in DMEM by using a Tissumite homogenizer (IKA Works).
		Xenografts were excised, fixed in formalin, and embedded in paraffin.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/97/10/5534 (4607 words)

	Inhibition of Growth of Human Prostate Cancer Xenograft by Transfection of p53 Gene: Gene Transfer by Electroporation ...
		Transgene expression was clearly evident in the center of xenografts, showing a dark cytosol, with 25–30% of tumor cells expressing ß-galactosidase in the sections.
		xenografts was lower than that in the central region.
		the xenografts were not reduced in size after 3 weeks of electroporation.
	mct.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/1/4/247 (3499 words)

	Early Inhibition of Heme Oxygenase Enzymatic Activity Precipitates Xenograft Rejection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		This study aimed to analyze the mechanism by which HO-1 contributes to suppress xenograft rejection and to investigate at what time after transplantation the expression of HO-1 is imperative to insure xenograft survival.
		Xenograft rejection under SnPP treatment was very similar to that of HO-1 deficient (knock-out) hearts: rejection was characterized by thrombosis of large coronary vessels, extensive myocardial infarction, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and infiltration by host macrophages and neutrophils.
		Thrombosis was detected in the xenograft aorta by 24 hours after transplantation, indicating that the pathogenesis of rejection may involve thrombosis of large coronary arteries, a decreased blood supply to the heart, anoxia and infarction.
	www.a-s-t.org /library/abstracts99/514.htm (419 words)

	Normal and glucocorticoid-induced development of the human small intestinal xenograft -- Nanthakumar et al. 285 (1): ...
		The number of xenografts for each data point are from 6 specimens from 5 different experiments.
		Twenty-week posttransplanted jejunal xenografts were injected either with a single injection of CA at 50 mg/100 g body wt or a identical volume of saline vehicle (VEH).
		Ontogeny of sucrase and lactase activity was recapitulated by the xenograft according to the theoretical model.
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/285/1/R162 (5509 words)

	Breast Cancer Research \| Full text \| Tamoxifen-resistant breast carcinoma xenograft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Xenografts of the TAM-sensitive 3366 breast cancer cell line were established in the flanks of NMRI-nu/nu female mice.
		ER and progesterone receptor content of xenografts was determined by commercial immunoassay and the expression of ER-regulated genes was by northern blot analysis.
		These more differentiated structures were not seen in the resistant subline after E2 treatment.In comparison to the parental TAM-sensitive xenograft, TAM failed to induce growth inhibition in the resistant xenograft.
	breast-cancer-research.com /paperreport/bcr-2000-66679 (604 words)

	RFA-AI-04-042: IMMUNOBIOLOGY OF XENOTRANSPLANTATION
		The goals of this program are (1) to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms of xenograft rejection and the induction of tolerance and accommodation; (2) to develop effective strategies to improve xenograft survival; and (3) to characterize the physiological compatibility/limitations of xenografts.
		While the heart or kidney of a juvenile miniature swine is of suitable size for transplant into human, the rate and extent of graft growth as well as the lifespan of the xenograft beyond the pig’s natural lifespan of 15 years, are undetermined.
		The research focus may include: (1) elucidation of cellular and molecular mechanisms of xenograft rejection, accommodation, and/or tolerance induction; (2) development of effective strategies to prolong xenograft survival, including immune tolerance induction; and (3) characterization of the biology of the xenograft post-transplantation.
	grants.nih.gov /grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-AI-04-042.html (5251 words)

	A Neuroendocrine/Small Cell Prostate Carcinoma Xenograft--LuCaP 49 -- True et al. 161 (2): 705 -- American Journal of ...
		The immunophenotype of the xenograft was characteristic of NE/small
		to the interstitium and necrotic regions of the xenograft.
		In contrast, the WISH-PC2 xenograft is affected by androgen.
	ajp.amjpathol.org /cgi/content/full/161/2/705 (5289 words)

	Stentless Xenograft Aortic Valve Replacement -- Experts' Techniques -- CTSNet
		Notably, stented xenograft valves are intrinsically obstructive due to the space occupied by the stent and sewing ring.
		The Freestyle valve is a root xenograft that may be used for either a subcoronary, cylindrical or a root replacement implant.
		The muscular portion of the stentless xenograft valve should be aligned with the non-coronary cusp region.
	www.ctsnet.org /doc/3841 (1378 words)

	Enhancement of Xenograft Tumor Radiosensitivity by the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor MS-275 and Correlation with ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Enhancement of Xenograft Tumor Radiosensitivity by the Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor MS-275 and Correlation with Histone Hyperacetylation -- Camphausen et al.
		Tumor-bearing mice received injections of MS-275 at 6 mg/kg, i.p., every 12 hours for up to 3 days, and tumors were harvested 6 hours after two, four, and six injections, and immunoblot analysis of acetylated histone H4 was performed.
		growth of a number of human tumor xenografts (11, 14, 18).
	clincancerres.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/10/18/6066 (3663 words)

	Xenograft Model for Identifying Chemotherapeutic Agents against Papillomaviruses -- Pawellek et al. 45 (4): 1014 -- ...
		This report describes the development of a new mouse xenograft model that can be used for in vivo studies of PV infections.
		In summary, a simple mouse xenograft model of PV infection has been devised which uses bovine skin infected with BPV-2.
		Isolation and propagation of human papillomavirus type 16 in human xenografts implanted in the severe combined immunodeficiency mouse.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/45/4/1014 (3834 words)

	Role of Double-Negative Regulatory T Cells in Long-Term Cardiac Xenograft Survival -- Chen et al. 170 (4): 1846 -- The ...
		Induction of long-term xenograft survival in B6 recipients by pretransplantation DLI and a short course of anti-CD4-depleting Ab.
		T cell-mediated xenograft rejection: specific tolerance is probably required for long term xenograft survival.
		Marked prolongation of rat skin xenografts induced by intrathymic injection of xenogeneic splenocytes and a short course of rapamycin in antilymphocyte serum-treated mice.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/170/4/1846 (5661 words)

	FELINE BRONCHIOLOALVEOLAR LUNG CARCINOMA XENOGRAFT AND CELL LINE (WO02096364A2)
		Such xenografts and cell lines exhibit a number of unique characteristics which allows their use in experimental models of carcinoma in order to dissect out the molecular basis of this phenotype.
		This experimental model of carcinoma can be used to identify molecular targets for therapeutic intervention and to assess the efficacy of a broad spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic agents.
		The present invention relates to the use of feline lung carcinoma xenografts and cell lines as models for both the evaluation of the cancer phenotype as well as the 5 generation of novel diagnostic and therapeutic methods for the clinical management of this pathology.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=WO02096364A2 (469 words)

	eMedicine - Xenotransplantation : Article by Naveen K Atray, MD, FASN
		The donor tissue or xenograft may be resistant to the etiologic agent that caused organ failure in the recipient (eg, human hepatotropic viruses), thereby preventing recurrence of disease after xenotransplantation.
		In addition, a xenograft may be genetically engineered to perform dual functions (eg, renal xenograft secreting insulin, pancreatic xenograft secreting erythropoietin).
		However, the use of xenografts solely as bridges to allotransplantation does not increase the donor pool; therefore, successful, permanent xenotransplantation must itself be viewed as the target of future clinical investigations (United Network of Organ Sharing, 2003).
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3715.htm (7278 words)

	A New Murine Model of Islet Xenograft Rejection: Graft Destruction Is Dependent on a Major Histocompatibility-Specific ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		After 6 days, the ICC xenografts, at this stage infiltrated with sensitized immunocompetent cells, were transferred into the peritoneal cavity of athymic nu/nu mice (white) bearing previously implanted and tolerated syngeneic, allogeneic, or xenogeneic (rat islets or porcine ICCs) islet grafts.
		Benda B, Karlsson-Parra A, Ridderstad A, Korsgren O: Xenograft rejection of porcine islet-like cell clusters in immunoglobulin- or Fc-receptor gamma-deficient mice.
		Fox A, Mountford J, Braakhuis A, Harrison LC: Innate and adaptive immune responses to nonvascular xenografts: evidence that macrophages are direct effectors of xenograft rejection.
	diabetes.diabetesjournals.org /cgi/content/full/52/5/1111 (4045 words)

	Xenograft Model for Identifying Chemotherapeutic Agents against Papillomaviruses -- Pawellek et al. 45 (4): 1014 -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Xenograft Model for Identifying Chemotherapeutic Agents against Papillomaviruses -- Pawellek et al.
		Xenograft Model for Identifying Chemotherapeutic Agents against Papillomaviruses
		The report describes the establishment and characterization of a mouse xenograft transplantation model for the study of papillomavirus
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/45/4/1014 (209 words)

	Medical Research Modernization Committee - Campaign for Responsible Transplantation
		An animal virus residing in a xenograft recipient couldbecome airborne, infecting scores of people, and causing a potentially deadly viral epidemic of global proportions akin to HIV or worse.
		It is naive to believe that the creation of a national registry/database to assess the long-term safety of xenotransplants and the health of xenograft recipients would be adequate to track the progress of a retrovirus, particularly one that is not known.
		The HHS maintains that using animals such as pigs as xenograft donors is justified because pigs are "currently commercially bred and raised as a source of food" (p.49920).
	www.crt-online.org /mrmc.html (12565 words)

	Vitamin D Analogues Increase p53, p21, and Apoptosis in a Xenograft Model of Human Retinoblastoma -- Audo et al. 44 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Two methods were used to determine whether apoptosis was the mechanism of cell death in Y79 xenograft tumor cells.
		Dying cells in the xenograft tumors were strongly positive.
		In this experiment, the proportion of cells that stained with the ligation technique was similar to the proportion of cells that stained by TUNEL in adjacent sections.
	www.iovs.org /cgi/content/full/44/10/4192 (5191 words)

	Induction of Apoptosis by Antisense CK2 in Human Prostate Cancer Xenograft Model -- Slaton et al. 2 (12): 712 -- ...
		Induction of Apoptosis by Antisense CK2 in Human Prostate Cancer Xenograft Model -- Slaton et al.
		PC3-LN4 xenograft tumor in nude mouse induced a dose- and time-dependent
		xenograft tissue as well as in cancer cells in culture.
	mcr.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/2/12/712 (367 words)

	Development and characterization of a tamoxifen-resistant breast carcinoma xenograft (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A human tamoxifen-resistant mammary carcinoma, MaCa 3366/TAM, originating from a sensitive parental xenograft 3366 was successfully established by treatment of tumour-bearing nude mice with 1
		Both tumours did not differ significantly in OR- and PR-positivity, however, when compared with the sensitive tumour line, the mean OR content of the TAM-resistant subline is slightly lower.
		The established breast cancer xenografts 3366 and 3366/TAM offer the possibility of investigating mechanisms of anti-oestrogen resistance in an in vivo situation.
	www.nature.com /bjc/journal/v82/n11/abs/6691156a.html (307 words)

	RTI Technologies, Inc. - Contact Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The xenograft chips and cubes are intended to be placed in bony voids or gaps of a patient's skeletal system as a void filler due to surgery or traumatic injury.
		In 2002, RTI sponsored an animal study of the effects of BioCleanse on xenograft tissue.
		RTI processes allograft and xenograft tissue into shaped implants for use in orthopedic, cardiovascular and other surgeries with a commitment to science, safety and innovation.
	rtix.com /news_fullstory.cfm?item=1356 (463 words)

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