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Topic: Xerxes I of Persia

	Xerxes I of Persia Biography on DanceAge
		Xerxes, son of Darius the Great and Atossa, the daughter of Cyrus the Great, was appointed King of Persia by his father in preference to his elder half-brothers, who were born before Darius had become king.
		This probably was the reason why Xerxes in 484 BCE took away from Babylon the golden statue of Bel (Marduk, Merodach), the hands of which the legitimate king of Babylon had to seize on the first day of each year, and killed the priest who tried to hinder him.
		But Xerxes was induced by the astute message of Themistocles (against the advice of Artemisia of Halicarnassus) to attack the Greek fleet under unfavourable conditions, instead of sending a part of his ships to the Peloponnesus and awaiting the dissolution of the Greek armament.
	www.danceage.com /biography/sdmc_Xerxes_I (906 words)

	Persian Empire 2 - Crystalinks
		This probably was the reason why Xerxes in 484 BC abolished the Kingdom of Babel and took away the golden statue of Bel (Marduk, Merodach), the hands of which the legitimate king of Babel had to seize on the first day of each year, and killed the priest who tried to hinder him.
		Persia was left unprepared for the worldwide expansion of European empires in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
		Persia was drawn into the periphery of WWI because of its strategic position between Afghanistan and the warring Ottoman, Russian, and British Empires.
	www.crystalinks.com /persia2.html (4199 words)

	Xerxes Biography (Royalty) — Infoplease.com
		Xerxes retreated to his palace in Persepolis, leaving behind an occupying army which was defeated by the Greeks shortly thereafter.
		Persia remained a formidable nation but Xerxes withdrew from active life, devoting himself to what Herodotus called "the intrigues of the harem." 15 years later Xerxes was stabbed to death, probably by his subordinate Artabanus, and was succeeded by his son Artaxerxes.
		Xerxes was also ruler of Egypt, the third ruler of that country's 27th dynasty.
	www.infoplease.com /biography/var/xerxes.html (412 words)

	Persians, Darius The First (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Xerxes was the son of Darius I and Atossa, daughter of Cyrus; he was the first son born to Darius after his accession to the throne.
		A bas-relief on the southern portico of a courtyard in the treasury of Persepolis, as well as the bas-reliefs on the east door of the tripylon (an ornamental stairway) depicts him as the heir apparent, standing behind his father, who is seated on the throne.
		Xerxes thus declared himself the adversary of the daevas, the ancient pre-Zoroastrian gods, and doubtlessly identified the Babylonian gods with these fallen gods of the Aryan religion.
	history-world.org /xerxes_i.htm (558 words)

	In the Footsteps of Xerxes
		In May of 480 BC yet another moment of history was enacted here when King Xerxes of Persia, who had just advanced from the city of Sardis, marshalled his army and navy on the shores of the Hellespont.
		Among the many vestiges of Xerxes’ power which survive today is the remains of the canal he had dug across the Athos peninsula.
		A view of the western extremity of Xerxes’ canal showing the cutting through the coastal spur of hills that had to be made by the engineers constructing the canal.
	www.astarte.com.au /html/in_the_footsteps_of_xerxes1.html (1820 words)

	Xerxes I
		The empire that Xerxes was at the reins of was set into place by King Cyrus just two decades before Xerxes himself was born.
		With the later help of Xerxes' father Darius the Great, the empire before Xerxes encompassed a large strip of land from present-day Libya all the way towards the Hindu Kush in what is now Afghanistan.
		Xerxes decided not to follow the ideas set by his predecessors, the notion that ruling with a fair, light hand was the way to keep many nations under one's rule at once.
	www.ancient-egypt-online.com /xerxes.html (469 words)

	History of Iran: Xerxes (Khashayar Shah)
		Xerxes then broke with the policy followed by Cyrus The Great and Darius of ruling foreign lands with a fairly light hand and, in a manner compatible with local traditions, ruthlessly ignored Egyptian forms of rule and imposed his will on the rebellious province in a thoroughly Persian style.
		Xerxes, who had by then been away from Asia rather long for a king with such widespread responsibilities, returned home and left Mardonius in charge of further operations.
		Xerxes probably lost interest in the proceedings and sank deeper and deeper into the comforts of life in his capital cities of Susa, Ecbatana, and Persepolis.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/xerxes/xerxes.php (480 words)

	Persian History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		PERSIA, a historic empire of ancient origins, is centered in modern Iran and, at times, extended well into southwest Asia.
		Persia was conquered variously, most notably by the Macedonian Greeks and the Muslims, and its vast domains were greatly reduced.
		Modernization began in the early 20th century, and in 1935, Persia was officially renamed IRAN by Shah Pahlavi.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Acropolis/5576/persia.html (561 words)

	The Persians (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		During the reign of Artaxerxes I, the second son of Xerxes, the Egyptians revolted, aided by the Greeks; although the revolt was finally suppressed in 446BC, it signaled the first major assault against, and the beginning of the decline of, the Persian Empire.
		Centered on the Persian homeland on the northeastern shore of the Persian Gulf, it stretched from present-day Pakistan in the east to the Balkan Peninsula in the west and from the Persian Gulf in the south to Central Asia in the north.
		Xerxes, afraid that his defeat might be followed by another rebellion of the Ionian Greeks, returned home but left his army behind under his general Mardonius.
	history-world.org /persians.htm (3316 words)

	Xerxes
		Xerxes was on a conquest and after bringing Egypt back under Persian rule, he struck out to invade Greece.
		Xerxes built a bridge of boats, but as fate would have it, a storm came up and the bridge was destroyed.
		Xerxes the Great did invade Greece and sacked Athens but after the defeat of his fleet in the Battle of Salamis (480), as seen in the illustration here, he was not able to supply his army.
	www.tattooarchive.com /history/xerxes.htm (281 words)

	Khshayarsha I (Xerxes) Great King of Persia
		XERXES THE GREAT Persian king (486-465 BC), the son and successor of Darius I. He is best known for his massive invasion of Greece from across the Hellespont (480 BC), a campaign marked by the battles of Thermopylae, Salamis, and Plataea.
		Accession to the throne Xerxes was the son of Darius I and Atossa, daughter of Cyrus; he was the first son born to Darius after his accession to the throne.
		Perhaps it was only the manifestation of a royal absolutism: Xerxes, whose character was later distorted in Greek legend, was neither foolish nor overly optimistic; although sensible and intelligent, he was nevertheless, according to G. Glotz, a sovereign by divine right, to whom opposition was as annoying as sacrilege.
	worldroots.com /cgi-bin/gasteldb?@I23104@ (1189 words)

	Xerxes
		Xerxes became king of Persia at the death of his father Darius the Great in 485, at a time when his father was preparing a new expedition against Greece and had to face an uprising in Egypt (Herodotus' Histories, VII, 1-4).
		Xerxes died in 465, assassinated probably upon order by one of his sons, Artaxerxes, who succeeded him.
		In the Laws, Plato compares Xerxes to Cambyses in that, as him, he was victim of his education at the court, unlike his father Darius, who was not a son of king (Laws, III, 695c-e).
	plato-dialogues.org /tools/char/xerxes.htm (727 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 1303 (v. 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Xerxes succeeded his father at the beginning of b.
		The first care of Xerxes was to reduce the latter people to subjection.
		Xerxes was so enraged that he caused the heads of the chief engineers to be cut off, and commanded that the strait itself should be scourged, and a set of fetters cast into it.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/3637.html (1086 words)

	xerxes.HTM
		Darius the Great, King of Persia, was the supreme ruler of lands stretching from the foothills of the Himalayas to the shores of the Mediterranean Sea during the fifth century, B.C. Darius commanded a large standing army of slaves and mercenaries, which he used to invade and dominate neighboring kingdoms.
		Xerxes fumed for three days, hoping for the arrival of his fleet, which he thought might be able to sail in behind the Greek position and launch an attack from the sea.
		Xerxes soon realized that he faced an impasse similar to the one that had frustrated his early attempts to force the pass at Thermopylae.
	www.oldnewspublishing.com /xerxes.htm (1990 words)

	Xerxes I of Persia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The artist is unknown and had probably used the stone carving at the Xerxes Palace, Persepolis.
		Xerxes Gate, The gate of all nations at Persepolis (Photographer: Ramin Dehdashti of iranpix.com)
		The Battle of Salamis (September 28, 480) was won by the Athenians.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xerxes_I_of_Persia (947 words)

	Mr. Dowling's Persia Page
		Persia was a kingdom east of the Greek peninsula.
		Persia planned to conquer the Greek peninsula by defeating individual poli, but Athens convinced other poli to combine forces with one another.
		Xerxes was so enraged that he beheaded the few captains who were able to escape the wrath of the Greek armies.
	www.mrdowling.com /701-persia.html (301 words)

	Badass of the Week: The 300 Spartans
		Well one day some fucking jackass named Emperor Xerxes I of Persia got all pissed off at how awesome Sparta was so he sent a bunch of soldiers to invade it and burn all of Greece to the ground so that he could make Persia the most badass civilization in the known world.
		Xerxes got totally pissed and assaulted the Greek defenses but the Persian light infantry was ill-equipped and way too lame to dislodge the battle-hardened Spartan warriors.
		During the night, Xerxes sent what remained of his Immortals around to the other side of the pass and when the Spartans got ready to fight in the morning they noticed that there were now Persians on both sides of them.
	www.amazingben.com /arf0072.html (1062 words)

	A Commentary on Xerxes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This looks as if Persia is abandoning the pretence that they are divinely appointed by the Egyptian gods - suggesting that he may now be ruling in a distant and possibly more authoritarian way.
		Xerxes calls together all the advisors from the empire - notably Artabanus, Darius's brother who is used by Herodotus as the mouth piece for caution.
		Xerxes and Artabanus continue to chat, and he gives the moral side as the wise counselor.
	www.herodotuswebsite.co.uk /xerxes.htm (5205 words)

	Xerxes @ Coliseum, London : opera review
		and Xerxes being a bit of a tyrant, all sorts of mayhem ensues before he sees the error of his ways and the true lovers are reunited.
		Xerxes - originally a soprano castrato role - is sung by a mezzo-soprano (Sarah Connolly in splendid voice, and looking thoroughly in control of her kingdom).
		Amastris, a Princess jilted by Xerxes and not at all happy about it, is played by a mezzo-soprano (Anna Burford) with such a deep timbre that she seems a lot butcher than her errant suitor.
	www.musicomh.com /opera/xerxes.htm (692 words)

	Xerxes' canal across the Athos
		He was a man of the Achaemenid family, much respected by Xerxes, and had been in charge of the construction of the canal.
		He was the biggest man in Persia -about 2.15 meters high- and had the loudest voice in the world, so that Xerxes was greatly distressed at his death and had him carried out and buried with all pomp and ceremony.
		Xerxes is believed to have drafted Phoenician engineers and to have assigned teams of workers to different sectors of the canal.
	www.livius.org /he-hg/herodotus/hist05.htm (1557 words)

	Iran - Crystalinks
		The term Persia is the name used for this country by European countries since the Persian Empire of the Achaemenids in the 6th century BC.
		Iran traces its national origin to Persia, an empire that emerged in the 6th century BC under the Achaemenid dynasty.
		During the 19th century Persia came under pressure from both Russia and the United Kingdom leading to a process of modernisation that continued into the 20th century.
	www.crystalinks.com /iran.html (504 words)

	Timeline Persia
		Phoenician squadrons were at the heart of Xerxes’ fleet; the king of Sidon was among his admirals.
		The Sassanid kings of Persia (who had superseded the Parthians in the Empire of Iran) secured the lion's share of the spoils, while the Romans only received a strip of country on the western border which gave them Erzeroum and Diyarbekir for their frontier fortresses.
		1828 Russia conquered the Armenian provinces of Persia, and this brought within her frontier the Monastery of Etchmiadzin, in the Khanate of Erivan, which was the seat of the Katholikos of All the Armenians.
	timelines.ws /countries/PERSIA.HTML (4607 words)

	Novels 78 to 88
		Born around 519 B.C. into the ruling Achaemenid dynasty of Persia, Xerxes was trained from and early age in court ritual and royal duties.
		In his later years Xerxes, lured into the web of court intrigue and harem politics gave himself over to every excess, infuriating his generals, alienating his wives and children, and making enemies of the powerful court viziers.
		Xerxes' campaign against the Greeks drew that collection of warring city-states into a bond of national identity, setting the stage for the rise of Hellenic civilization, the foundation of the Western cultural heritage.
	home.columbus.rr.com /tony777/novels78to88.htm (1213 words)

	Observer Newspaper - Scene
		The real Xerxes I of Persia was, in fact, the younger of the two sons of Darius I and named heir apparent, much to his brother's chagrin.
		Xerxes, infatuated by Romilda, attempts to woo her but finds out that she is in love with his brother Arsamenes (played by graduate student Michelle Holden).
		When Xerxes returns and discovers his brother in matrimony with the object of his affections, he demands that Romilda kill herself for being unfaithful.
	www.nd.edu /~observer/03262001/Scene/0.html (1742 words)

	Xerxes - Information from Reference.com
		Xerxes (the Greek form of the Old Persian Xšayārša) is the name of two Persian kings of the Achaemenid dynasty:
		XERXES is the primary computer system of the starship Von Braun in the computer game System Shock 2.
		A third generation Artificial Intelligence, XERXES was one of the first Master System AIs created since the AI SHODAN went insane and took over the Citadel space station 42 years earlier.
	www.reference.com /search?q=Xerxes (1208 words)

	Xerxes II of Persia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Xerxes II was a Persian king and the son and successor of Artaxerxes I.
		Xerxes apparently succeeded to the throne but two of his illegitimate brothers claimed it for themselves.
		Xerxes was apparently only recognized in Persia and Sogdianus in Elam.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xerxes_II_of_Persia (271 words)

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