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Topic: Xerxes II of Persia

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Sogdianus of Persia

Artaxerxes III of Persia

Artaxerxes II of Persia

Artaxerxes I of Persia

Arses of Persia

Artaxerxes I

Darius II of Persia

Xerxes I of Persia

Darius III of Persia

Darius I of Persia

Xerxes

	Xerxes - LoveToKnow 1911
		Xerxes son of Darius I. and Atossa, the daughter of Cyrus the Great, and therefore appointed successor to his father in preference to his eldest half-brothers, who were born before Darius had become king (Herod.
		From 483 Xerxes prepared his expedition with great care: a channel was dug through the isthmus of the peninsula of Mount Athos; provisions were stored in the stations on the road through Thrace; two bridges were thrown across the Hellespont.
		Xerxes II., son and successor of Artaxerxes was assassinated in 4 24 after a reign of forty-five days by his brother Secydianus or Sogdianus, who in his turn was murdered by Darius II.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Xerxes (707 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Artaxerxes I of Persia
		By Alogyne of Babylon Xerxes II was a Persian king and the son and successor of Artaxerxes I. After a reign of forty-five days, he was assassinated in 424 BC by his brother Sogdianus, who in turn was murdered by Darius II.
		Xerxes II was a Persian king and the son and successor of Artaxerxes I. After a reign of forty-five days, he was assassinated in 424 BC by his brother Sogdianus, who in turn was murdered by Darius II.
		Persia proper is bounded on the north by Transcaucasia, the Caspian Sea, and Russian Turkestan; on the south by the Indian Ocean and the Persian Gulf; it is over one-fifth as large as the United States (excluding Alaska) and twice as large as Germany, having an area of about 642,000 square miles.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Artaxerxes-I-of-Persia (1320 words)

	Xerxes II of Persia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Xerxes II was a Persian king and the son and successor of Artaxerxes I.
		Xerxes was apparently only recognized in Persia and Sogdianus in Elam.
		Darius II became the sole ruler of the Persian Empire and would reign till 404 BC.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xerxes_II (256 words)

	Persian Empire, Persopolis - Crystalinks
		Meanwhile in Persia a usurper, the Magian Gaumata, arose in the spring of 522, who pretended to be the murdered Bardiya (Smerdis) and was acknowledged throughout Asia.
		This probably was the reason why Xerxes in 484 BC abolished the Kingdom of Babel and took away the golden statue of Bel (Marduk, Merodach), the hands of which the legitimate king of Babel had to seize on the first day of each year, and killed the priest who tried to hinder him.
		But Xerxes was induced by the astute message of Themistocles (against the advice of Artemisia of Halicarnassus) to attack the Greek fleet under unfavourable conditions, instead of sending a part of his ships to the Peloponnesus and awaiting the dissolution of the Greek armament.
	www.crystalinks.com /persia.html (3505 words)

	Persia. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The religion of Persia itself was Zoroastrianism, and the unity of Persia may be attributed in part to the unifying effect of that broadly established faith.
		Xerxes I had been murdered, and Xerxes II, son of Artaxerxes, was killed after a reign of 45 days by a half brother, who was in turn overthrown by another half brother, Darius II.
		After Alexander the Great’s death, Persia fell for the most part to Seleucus I and his successors (the Seleucids), but their grasp on the vast territories was weak administratively, although they did introduce a vital Hellenistic culture, mingling Greek with Persian elements.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pe/Persia.html (1898 words)

	Xerxes I of Persia - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Xerxes I (خشایارشاه), was a Persian king (reigned 485 - 465 BC) of the Achaemenid dynasty.
		But Xerxes was induced by the astute message of Themistocles (against the advice of Artemisia of Halicarnassus) to attack the Greek fleet under unfavourable conditions, instead of sending a part of his ships to the Peloponnesus and awaiting the dissolution of the Greek armament.
		The Queen consort of Xerxes was actually Amestris, daughter to Otanes and first cousin to Cambyses II of Persia and Smerdis of Persia.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Xerxes_I_of_Persia (808 words)

	Persia - MSN Encarta
		For convention's sake the name of Persia is here kept for that part of the country's history concerned with the ancient Persian Empire until the Arab conquest in the 7th century ad.
		The forays of Xerxes were the last notable attempt at expansion of the Persian Empire.
		During the reign of Artaxerxes I, the second son of Xerxes, the Egyptians revolted, aided by the Greeks; although the revolt was finally suppressed in 446 bc, it signaled the first major assault against, and the beginning of the decline of, the Persian Empire.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761564512/Persia.html (1154 words)

	Xerxes - WikIran
		Xerxes son of Darius I. and Atossa, the daughter of Cyrus the Great, and therefore appointed successor to his father in preference to his eldest half-brothers, who were born before Darius had become king (Herod.
		From 483 Xerxes prepared his expedition with great care: a channel was dug through the isthmus of the peninsula of Mount Athos; provisions were stored in the stations on the road through Thrace; two bridges were thrown across the Hellespont.
		Xerxes II., son and successor of Artaxerxes was assassinated in 4 24 after a reign of forty-five days by his brother Secydianus or Sogdianus, who in his turn was murdered by Darius II.
	www.wikiran.org /wiki/Xerxes (812 words)

	Xerxes II and Sogdianus
		Xerxes II (Old Persian Khšayâršâ) and Sogdianus: kings of the ancient Achaemenid empire.
		Our only source for the reign of Xerxes II and Sogdianus is the Greek author Ctesias of Cnidus, one of the most unreliable writers from Antiquity.
		In the eighteenth book of his History of the Persians, (§§46-51), he states that Xerxes II was the only lawful son of king Artaxerxes I and queen Damaspia (who is otherwise unknown); Xerxes had been appointed as crown prince (mathišta).
	www.livius.org /x/xerxes/xerxes_ii.html (467 words)

	Persian Period in Anatolia and Asia Minor
		Xerxes, after suppressing the rebellion in Egypt, in the spring of 483 BCE., he began his march towards Greece, over the land and sea.
		After Artaxerxes had died, his son Xerxes II has been the king of Persia for a few weeks until he was murdered by his half brother, Sogdianus.
		Darius II (reigned 425 to 405 BCE.), as soon as he became the king, he was able to put down some rebellions that have been going on.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/persian_period.htm (2051 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - PERSIA
		With the overthrow of the Median sway by Cyrus (550
		Xerxes was in turn followed by his son Artaxerxes I. (Longimanus; 465-424), in whose reign occurred the important events for Jewish political history that are recorded by Ezra and Nehemiah (
		The Arab conquest of Persia and the defeat and death of Yezdegerd III.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=210&letter=P&search=Persia (1995 words)

	Travel Guide To Turkey, Guide de la Turquie, GUIDE MARTINE, Guide to Turkey, Guide de Turquie, Travel, Turkey, Voyage, ...
		Ionian cities' revolts against Persia: at the beginning of the 5C BC the cities of Ionia, led by Miletus, revolted against the Persian administration in Lydia (Sardis).
		Persia, which sank into a confusion of dynastic troubles, hung on for another century and a half, in spite of new revolts of the Anatolian cities that had to wait for the coming of Alexander the Great to get rid of the Persian yoke.
		Alexander III of Macedon (356 - 323 BC), the son of the brilliant ruler and strategist Philip II of Macedon, was born in Pella.
	www.guide-martine.com /history4.asp (2283 words)

	A Brief History of Persian Empire
		Xerxes inflicted more severe treatment than his predecessors had there and also in Babylon after their satrap Zopyrus was killed in a revolt in 482 BCE that was ruthlessly defeated.
		In 465 BCE Xerxes was assassinated in the royal bedchamber by a conspiracy led by Artabanus, Megabyzus, and the eunuch chamberlain Aspamitres.
		Persia acknowledged the autonomy of the Greek cities in Asia, while the Athenians renounced attempts to liberate others there as long as the Persian king would recognize the autonomy of his vassal Greek cities and their low tribute amount from before the war.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/brief_history_of_persian_empire.htm (7545 words)

	Persia
		Persia proper was a tract of no very large dimensions on the Persian Gulf, which is still known as Fars or Farsistan, a corruption of the ancient appellation.
		Artaxerxes, the son of Xerxes, reigned for forty years after his death, and is, beyond doubt, the king of that name who stood in such a friendly relation toward Ezra, Ezr_7:11-28, and Nehemiah.
		Persia was doubtless in early times included in Elam, and its population was then either Semitic or allied to the Accadians, who founded more than one state in the Babylonian plain.
	holycall.com /biblemaps/persia.htm (1071 words)

	Persians, Darius The First
		Xerxes was the son of Darius I and Atossa, daughter of Cyrus; he was the first son born to Darius after his accession to the throne.
		A bas-relief on the southern portico of a courtyard in the treasury of Persepolis, as well as the bas-reliefs on the east door of the tripylon (an ornamental stairway) depicts him as the heir apparent, standing behind his father, who is seated on the throne.
		The second, Shamash-eriba, was conquered by Xerxes' son-in-law, and violent repression ensued: Babylon's fortresses were torn down, its temples pillaged, and the statue of Marduk destroyed; this latter act had great political significance: Xerxes was no longer able to "take the hand of" (receive the patronage of) the Babylonian god.
	history-world.org /xerxes_i.htm (558 words)

	AncientWeb.org: Ancient Persia - The Art, Culture and History of the Ancient Middle East
		Persia's earliest known kingdom was the proto-Elamite Empire, followed by the Medes; but it is the Achaemenid Empire that emerged under Cyrus the Great that is usually the earliest to be called "Persian." Successive states in Iran before 1935 are collectively called the Persian Empire by Western historians.
		In addition to these, the oldest son of Xerxes I was named Darius, but he was murdered before he ever came to the throne, and Darius, the son of Artaxerxes II, was executed for treason against his own father.
		At the head of the ceremonial staircase leading to the terrace is the 'Gateway of All Nations' built by Xerxes I and guarded by two colossal bull-like figures.
	www.ancientweb.org /Persia (2190 words)

	Kingdoms of Persia - Persia
		Persia is conquered by Greek Empire and is ruled from Antioch, in Syria.
		Persia is liberated from Seleucid Greek rule by tribesmen who have drifted down to Parthia and Bactria.
		The Safavids established Shi'ite Islam as a state religion of Persia, which became a major factor in the emergence of a unified national consciousness among the various ethnic and linguistic elements of the country.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsMiddEast/EasternPersia.htm (966 words)

	Cyrus II of Persia
		Cyrus II the Great (about 576 - July, 529 BC) was a king of Persia, famous for his military prowess and mercy.
		He is considered to be the first significant king of Persia and the founder of the vast Persian Empire; he was however not the very first king of Persia, nor the first king of the Achaemenid Dynasty.
		Cyrus had two sons: Cambyses and Smerdis, as well as several daughters, of whom Atossa is significant in the eyes of posterity, since she married Darius I of Persia and was mother of Xerxes I of Persia.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/c/cy/cyrus_ii_of_persia.html (910 words)

	Smerdis of Persia at AllExperts
		According to both Herodotus and his successor Darius (in the Behistun Inscription), Cambyses II, before he set out to Egypt, secretly caused his brother to be murdered, being afraid that he might attempt a rebellion during his absence.
		His death was not known to the people, and so in the spring of 522 a usurper pretended to be Smerdis and proclaimed himself king on a mountain near the Persian town Paishiyauvada.
		It is certain that Smerdis transferred the seat of government to Media; and here in a castle in the district of Nisaya he was surprised and killed by Darius and his six associates in October 521.
	en.allexperts.com /e/s/sm/smerdis_of_persia.htm (664 words)

	Xerxes II of Persia - Definition, explanation
		Xerxes II was a Persian king and the son and successor of Artaxerxes I.
		Xerxes apparently succeeded to the throne but two of his illegitimate brothers claimed it for themselves.
		Xerxes was apparently only recognized in Persia and Sogdianus in Elam.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/x/xe/xerxes_ii_of_persia.php (284 words)

	History of Iran: Persian Empire
		Persia, homeland of the Achaemenids and of the Empire's satraps, an Empire which once had sent out kings to vanquish most of Asia, had fallen almost without any resistance.
		Hatred of Persia was kept alive through warfare down to the time of Philip and more than a century's suffering, humiliation, and dread created in many Greeks a desire for violent revenge, which could hardly fail to color their dealings with the conquered Persians after Alexander.
		For in Persia, the dynasty of Cyrus and Darius I, through long custom and tradition had established its right to rule, which that right was a part of theology.
	www.irantarikh.com /persia/afteralex.htm (4734 words)

	Xerxes II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Xerxes II Xerxes II Xerxes II was a Persian king.
		Xerxes II was the son and successor of ArtaxerxesI.
		Xerxes apparently succeeded to the throne buttwo of his illegitimate brothers claimed it for themselves.
	www.therfcc.org /xerxes-ii-6354.html (228 words)

	Civilization III: Civ of the Week
		The term Persia has been used for centuries, chiefly in the West, to designate a region of southern Iran formerly known as Persis or Parsa, the name of the Indo-European nomadic people who migrated into the region about 1000 BC, eventually supplanting the Assyrians and Chaldeans.
		Cyrus II (559-529 BC), heir to a long line of ruling chiefs in Mesopotamia, was a tolerant and venerated monarch, and was called the father of his people by the ancient Persians (paternity tests later revealed that it was quite impossible for him to have been father to ALL of them).
		Xerxes (486-465 BC), son and successor of Darius I, was determined to continue the Persian conquest of the west and is best known for his "Greek Beatdown Tour" in 480 BC, a campaign marked by the battles of Thermopylae, Salamis and Plataea.
	www.civ3.com /en/civoftheweek.cfm?civ=Persians (843 words)

	Xerxes Summary
		Xerxes (reigned 486-465 BC), a king of Persia, made an unsuccessful effort to conquer Greece in 480-479, suffering a major naval defeat at the Battle of Salamis.
		Xerxes was the son of Darius I and Atossa, daughter of Cyrus I. When Xerxes succeeded his father, Egypt was already in revolt and troubles soon broke out in Babylon; further, there was still pending the matter of the Greeks, where the Persian defeat at Marathon called for vengeance.
		Xerxes returned to Asia-not in the flight the Greeks later loved to picture but to protect his communications--leaving his general Mardonius with a still large force to complete the conquest.
	www.bookrags.com /Xerxes (624 words)

	Persepolis Tombs of kings External links Persian Empire Shiraz retaining wall Pasargadae Xerxes II Arses of Persia ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hence the kings buried at Nakshi Rustam are probably, besides Darius, Xerxes I, Artaxerxes I and Darius II.
		Xerxes II, who reigned for a very short time, could scarcely have obtained so splendid a monument, and still less could the usurper Sogdianus (Secydianus).
		It was most remarkable that the impious act of Xerxes, king of the Persians, against the acropolis at Athens should have been repaid in kind after many years by one woman, a citizen of the land which had suffered it, and in sport.
	en.powerwissen.com /Qza18y2un4X8sQp6dhdGvg%3D%3D_Persepolis.html (2226 words)

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