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Topic: Xhosa

	Xhosa
		History: The Xhosa were part of the gradual Bantu migration movement from southern Zaire in various directions to cover most of Africa south of the Sahara.
		Xhosa and other fl African peoples did have access to some education and there was some economic freedom.
		Language: Xhosa is a Bantu language in the Nguni family of southeastern Bantu languages.
	cesa.imb.org /peoplegroups/xhosa.htm (1145 words)

	Xhosa - PanAfriL10n
		Xhosa is a language in the Nguni group of Bantu (Guthrie S40).
		Xhosa is spoken in the Transkei coastal region of South Africa.
		Xhosa is one of the 11 official languages of South Africa.
	www.panafril10n.org /wikidoc/pmwiki.php/PanAfrLoc/Xhosa (392 words)

	Xhosa
		Xhosa is used in primary schools up to the second grade and is studied as a subject in both primary and secondary schools up to the tenth grade.
		Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, a Xhosa tribesman, was born in Tembu in the Transkei on 18 July 1918.
		Xhosa is considered to be a Category II language in terms of difficulty for speakers of English.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/september/xhosa.html (1141 words)

	Xhosa_language information. LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		Xhosa is the southernmost branch of the Nguni languages, related to Swati, Northern Ndebele[5] and Zulu.
		At present Xhosa is used as the main language of instruction in many primary schools and some secondary schools, but is largely replaced by English after the early primary grades, even in schools mainly serving Xhosa-speaking communities.
		Xhosa is an agglutinative language featuring an array of prefixes and suffixes which are attached to root words.
	language.school-explorer.com /Xhosa (1557 words)

	Xhosa
		Xhosa religious practice is distinguished by elaborate and lengthy rituals, initiations, and feasts.
		Xhosa also regularly eat the soft porridge made of corn meal flour that is widespread in Africa.
		Xhosa written literature was established in the nineteenth century with the publication of the first Xhosa newspapers, novels, and plays.
	www.everyculture.com /wc/Rwanda-to-Syria/Xhosa.html (2514 words)

	Xhosa - Memory Alpha, the Star Trek Wiki
		The Xhosa was a Norkova-type freighter commanded by Captain Kasidy Yates.
		A line cut from DS9: "The Way of the Warrior" stated, the Xhosa could not deliver a shipment of Teresian hardwood to Cardassia Prime in early 2372, because the Cardassians had closed their borders.
		The studio model of the Xhosa was a repainted, reuse of the Norkova from DS9: "The Passenger", which was itself a reuse of the Batris from TNG: "Heart of Glory".
	memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Xhosa (384 words)

	Xhosa language
		Xhosa or !Xhosa is a language of South Africa.
		Xhosa has a relatively simple set of vowels, but it is rich in unusual consonants.
		Xhosa is also a tone language with two inherent tones, low and high.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/x/xh/xhosa_language.html (490 words)

	Xhosa language at AllExperts
		Xhosa is one of the official languages of South Africa.
		Xhosa has a simple set of vowels, but it is rich in uncommon consonants.
		Xhosa is also a tone language with two inherent tones, low and high, and has both long and short vowels.
	en.allexperts.com /e/x/xh/Xhosa_language.htm (832 words)

	Xhosa alphabet, pronunciation and language
		Xhosa is one of the official languages of South Africa and is a member of the Bantu/Nguni family of languages.
		Xhosa is closely related to Zulu, Swati and Ndebele and more or less mutually intelligible with them.
		Xhosa's click consonants were most likely borrowed from the Khoisan languages as a result of long and extensive interaction between the Xhosa and Khoisan peoples.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/xhosa.htm (196 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Xhosa
		Xhosa Wars (1779–1879) The wars between the Xhosa people and Dutch and British colonists along the east coast of Cape Colony, between the Great Fish and Great Kei rivers.
		The Xhosa moved from e Africa to the vicinity of the River Great Fish, s Africa, in the 17th and 18th centuries.
		The relationship between parental interest and academic achievement of Xhosa children from monogamous and polygynous families.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Xhosa&StartAt=1 (863 words)

	Xhosa language resources
		Xhosa society was historically viewed as an 'open' society, because of its readiness to learn from, trade and interact with other societies.
		Xhosa a Lioness Xhosa is named for a South African tribe from the regions of Ciskei and Transkei.
		Xhosa (IPA: ['k??o?sa]) is one of the official languages of South Africa.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Xhosa.html (1164 words)

	The Xhosa
		The Xhosa finally settled in the area that is now known as the Eastern Cape (formerly the Transkei and Ciskei) and comprises of a number of clans, the main groups being the Gcaleka, Ngika, Ndlambe, Dushane, Qayi, Ntinde and, of Khoisan origin, the Gqunkhwebe.
		However, many Xhosa living in the rural areas of the Eastern Cape are still bound by the traditions and lifestyle of their ancestors and many customs and rituals have stayed intact.
		The Xhosa were, and still are, known for the magnificence and variety of their beadwork.
	www.encounter.co.za /article/126.html (723 words)

	Nguni Imports Presents: Virtual Africa
		By the 1600s, the Xhosa had firmly established themselves in the Eastern Cape region among the Amatola and Winterberg mountain ranges (they may have arrived as early as the 1400s).
		The Xhosa were among the first to feel the effects of Shaka's reign.
		To the Xhosa, this was an act of war.
	www.nguni.com /culture/virtualafrica/xhosa/history.html (6462 words)

	Xhosa Classes and Corporate Packages \| UBuntu Bridge
		Xhosa language lessons, which include cultural and historical insight, are used to inspire greater empathy and understanding for one's fellow citizen.
		Opportunities in remote beautiful rural villages of the Eastern Cape as well as in the locations and townships around Cape Town to live and interact with Xhosa communities, improving your language skills, increasing your empathy and providing an authentic experiential understanding of the Xhosa culture.
		Xhosa language lessons and workshops specifically designed to cater to the needs of the corporate environment, incorporating a team-building spirit with language
	www.learnxhosa.com (186 words)

	Textile Skirt [South Africa; Xhosa people] (1993.373) \| Object Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In this case, a white cotton blanket has been colored with ocher, yielding a rich reddish-brown fabric that was then cut and sewn into three sections to form this skirt.
		This skirt features five rows of fl appliquéd strips that follow the curve of the hem and are bordered by rows of delicate white and dark blue beads and narrow fl appliqué strips.
		The Xhosa term for traditionalist was amaQaba, the "Red People," because they continued to apply red ocher to their clothes and bodies.
	www.metmuseum.org /TOAH/ho/11/sfs/hod_1993.373.htm (562 words)

	Xhosa Translation Services - Translators English/Xhosa
		Xhosa speaking peoples or their ancestors have lived in the coastal regions of southeastern Africa since the 16th century.
		Xhosa, the most broadly distributed African language in South Africa (though Zulu has more speakers in absolute terms), is a primary language of about 35 districts within Orange Free State and the neighboring Eastern Cape Province as well as in Ciskei and the Transkei.
		Xhosa is also spoken in several districts away from the main Xhosa regions near Bloemfontein, and in the mining districts of Westonaria and Oberholzer located to the southwest of Johannesburg.
	www.greentranslations.com /xhosa-translation.html (243 words)

	Xhosa - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Xhosa, members of the Bantu-speaking peoples of South Africa.
		Numbering approximately 5 million, the Xhosa, along with the Thembu, Mpondo, and...
		Unkulunkulu, the supreme god in the Xhosa and Zulu tradition of Southern Africa.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Xhosa.html (120 words)

	THE NATIONAL SUICIDE OF THE XHOSA
		Missionary Charles Brownlee, brought up among the Xhosa and fluent in their language, was prominent in visiting the Xhosa kraals to try to counteract Mhalakaza's influence, but most would not listen to his warnings.
		As the resurrection of the Xhosa dead took place, the Xhosa were told by Mhalakaza, there would be a thundering as of every ox-hide shield ever beaten by Bantu warriors, signifying the approach of herd after herd of the fine, new cattle that had been promised.
		The Xhosa claimed to have seen Russian armies marching on the surface of the sea and people sailing in umbrellas, and to have heard thousands of cattle beneath their feet.
	www.christianaction.org.za /articles_ca/2004-2-THE_NATIONAL_SUICIDE_XHOSA.htm (2694 words)

	Untitled Document
		Not only had Xhosa folklore to embody a different concept of temporality than it had had, be it in sequentially or simultaneously, it had also to negotiate the transition, in actuality or in displacement, from orality to being reduced into written form.
		Xhosa folklore was made in the context of the interaction between the Xhosa nation and the Khoisan (so-called Hottentots and Bushmen) nations.
		Although for him Xhosa folklore should undertake the monumental task of preserving the ‘rich heritage' of Xhosa history bequeathed by the ‘ancestors', Tiyo Soga was very much concerned that folklore should not be circumscribed by history that is not open to the future.
	www.pitzer.edu /new_african_movement/general/essays/xhosa.htm (5476 words)

	Xhosa 1A (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Students who have matriculated in Xhosa as a first language, or one of its sister languages from the same language cluster, may register for Xhosa 1A.
		Xhosa 1A introduces students to the co-existence between oral and written literature in Xhosa, against a historical backdrop.
		Xhosa 1B is an introduction to language, communication and culture in Xhosa.
	web.uct.ac.za /depts/afrlang/xhosa1a.htm (114 words)

	xhosa
		Xhosa, like Zulu, has an Nguni root and the two languages share many similarities, Xhosa however, having had an interface not just with the British, but with the linguistically unique Khoi and San peoples as well, inherited a number of click sounds into their dialect (think Miriam Makeba’s ‘The Click Song’).
		At the end of their seclusion and having washed the clay from their bodies (to be replaced by butter or fat) they are presented with sticks, flened in the fire, symbolising peace and the new ability to settle disputes through discussion rather than force.
		The presence of the Xhosa and, at some times of the year, the makeshift shelters of the abakhweta are obvious in the areas around Kwandwe and of course at Kwandwe itself, where former farm workers have been employed and upskilled in various new positions in the ecotourism industry.
	www.wildwatch.com /resources/other/xhosa.asp (819 words)

	AXIS GALLERY / AFRICAN ART / XHOSA / CLICKS
		The special click sounds in the Xhosa language, together with other aspects of Xhosa culture, were influenced by the Khoisan peoples.
		Xhosa peoples never carved masks or figures for religious ceremonies; rather they honored their ancestors through beadwork and dress at communal gatherings and dances.
		The swish and sway of beaded veils worn by Xhosa diviners, for example, induced trance as the spirits passed through the glass.
	www.axisgallery.com /african_art/xhosa/intro.html (575 words)

	Minorities At Risk (MAR)
		The Xhosa are one of several ethnic groups in the country that speak a Bantu language (LANG = 1).
		The Xhosa are in a good position to pursue this goal, as the ruling party (ANC) is their main representative.
		The Xhosa have a good relationship with the government, while their relationship with the Zulu ethnic group is often tense.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/data/safxhosa.htm (809 words)

	Language Reference Guide For Xhosa
		Xhosa refer to sex differentiation where it bears more importance to the content of the message.
		Xhosa is a very heterogeneous and complex language, originating from a large and diversif ied group with many chiefdoms and clans.
		Xhosa pronunciation and vocabulary were enriched and modified as a result of early and intimate contact with other groups, especially Khoisan tribes.
	www.translationdirectory.com /article962.htm (1449 words)

	AXIS GALLERY / ARCHIVE / XHOSA
		Among the objects displayed are the largest surviving panel of beadwork fabric from the Xhosa peoples, a c.1930 Mpondo panel on sinew that buttoned onto a ceremonial blanket.
		Of similar age are beadfabric collars from the Thembu and Xhosa peoples, and a beaded ceremonial spear and flywhisk.
		Xhosa peoples never carved masks or figures; instead their religious art was beadwork, worn during ceremonial dances and other occasions.
	www.axisgallery.com /exhibitions/xhosa/index.html (220 words)

	Xhosa \| Red Blanket People \| Tribe, South Africa... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The name Xhosa is a generalised term for a diversity of proud clans, the Pondo, Bomvana, Thembu and the Xhosa tribe itself.
		By the mid 17th century, the Thembu tribe was settled around the Nbashi River with the original Xhosa tribe settled in the vicinity of the Kei River and beyond.
		Xhosa females always wore some form of headdress, as a sign of respect to the head of the family, either their father or husband.
	www.krugerpark.co.za /africa_xhosa.html (711 words)

	Xhosa 3 HG (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Xhosa 3 HG In order to register for Xhosa 3A, a student must have completed and passed Xhosa 2B.
		Xhosa 3A offers an in-depth analysis of the various genres within oral and written Xhosa literature.
		Xhosa 3B offers an in-depth analysis of contemporary debates in the study of Xhosa language and literature.
	web.uct.ac.za /depts/afrlang/xhosa3.htm (87 words)

	The Xhosa People - South Africa History
		For the Xhosa people these were the Homelands of Ciskei and Transkei.
		At the time of white settlement of the Cape, Xhosa groups were living far inland, into the area between Bushman's River and the Kei River.
		In the middle of the 19th century, all the land formerly inhabited by Xhosa was in the hands of white settlers.
	www.southafrica-travel.net /history/eh_xhosa.htm (318 words)

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