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	Chinese Dynasties
		At minimum, the Xia period marked an evolutionary stage between the late neolithic cultures and the typical Chinese urban civilization of the Shang dynasty.
		Shang dynasty endured roughly from 1700 to 1027 B.C. The Shang dynasty (also called the Yin dynasty in its later stages) is believed to found by a rebel leader who overthrew the last Xia ruler.
		The Zhou dynasty had its capital at Hao, near the city of Xi'an, or Chang'an, as it was known in its heyday in the imperial period.
	chinatravelz.com /china/chinese-history (2064 words)

	Xia Dynasty (2205-1806 B.C.)
		Xia Yu was first awarded the land of Xia Bo by Di Shun.
		Xia Qi Xia Yu gave his throne to his follower Yi, but he did not win popularity among his people.
		A official Guan-Long Feng urged Xia Jie to repent and was imprisoned and executed.
	www.yutopian.com /history/xia.html (384 words)

	An Introduction to the Wuxia Genre
		This type of xia is the idealized version of the heroic xia, and is primarily encountered in modern fiction and cinema.
		Xia were called upon to lead village militias against oppressive landlords and their private armies (min tuan), rapacious tax collectors, as well as against bandits.
		Thus the xia in his youth, frequently becomes a scholar as he matures and gains wisdom, and the magistrate who uses his wits to maintain order also employs xia when physical force is required.
	www.heroic-cinema.com /eric/xia.html (5032 words)

	Xia Dynasty
		As the first slave dynasty in Chinese history, the Xia Dynasty (21st-16th century BC) began with the reign of Qi, the son of the Great Yu, and ended with the fall of Jie.
		With its capital located in Anyi (north of Xia County in mid-west Shanxi Province), the Xia was ruled by the descents of the Xiahou tribe.
		Xia Xia Zheng, to certain extent, reflects the development of animal husbandry and agriculture in Xia, leaving an invaluable record of the earliest scientific knowledge in ancient China.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_22684.htm (284 words)

	Xia Dynasty
		The first prehistoric dynasty is said to be Xia (), from about the twenty-first to the sixteenth century B.C. Xia-dynasty was founded by the Si-clan, who were descendants of the clan's foundation father, Yu.
		At minimum, the Xia period marked an evolutionary stage between the late neolithic cultures and the typical Chinese urban civilization of the Shang dynasty.
		Xia was conquered by Tang, and a new era had begun, the Shang-dynasty was founded.
	www.china-window.com /china_briefing/china_history/chinese-historyxia-dynast.shtml (886 words)

	Xia Dynasty ( 夏朝 21st century BC - 17th century BC )
		For many years, the Xia Dynasty was thought to be a part of a myth that the Chinese tell as part of their history.
		The Xia Dynasty was in oral histories, but no archaeological evidence was found of it until 1959, which showed that the people were direct ancestors of the Longshan (龙山文化) and were predecessors of the Shang (商朝).
		Xia Dynasty is believed to encompass a territory east to Henan, Shandong and Hebei Provinces, west to Henan und Shanxi, south to Hubei and north to Hebei.
	www.chinadetail.com /History/DynastiesXia.php (313 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Xia dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Xia Dynasty (夏 2205 BC[?] - 1806 BC) is the name for the first dynasty to be described in Chinese historical records, which record the names of seventeen kings over fourteen generations.
		The Xia society is considered a Slavery Society (奴隶社会).
		Yu禹 yu3 or Xia Yu夏禹 xia4 yu3 or Da Yu大禹 da4 yu3
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/xi/Xia_dynasty (155 words)

	Zhang Ziyi CSC: Introduction To Wuxia Genre: The Origin of the Xia
		The Zhou dynasty which lasted from about 1027 BC to 221 BC was China's longest lasting dynasty, as well as the final period in China's golden age of antiquity.
		The common xia who lived up to the ideals of chivalry still existed, but the haoqiang xia (local bully) who used his physical strength to exploit the defenseless, and to carry out the whims of his patron became the rule.
		Xia were called upon to lead village militias against oppressive landlords and their private armies (min tuan), rapacious tax collectors, as well as against bandits.
	csc.ziyi.org /filmography/cthd/wuxiafiction/origin.html (1441 words)

	China's Chinese Dynasties
		Xia Dynasty, 2100 BC to 1700 BC Yu the Great founded this first cohesive state of China along the banks of the great Yellow River (Huang He).
		Also notable of the Xia Dynasty is its inception of the slave system, a rudimentary calendar, early forms of writing and simple bronze work.
		Beginning near the end of the Han Dynasty was a period where the north was ruled primarily by three competing kingdoms, the Wei, Shu and Wu.
	chinasageconsultants.com /html/dynasty_rule.html (1669 words)

	Xia Dynasty - Jongo Knows - Encyclopedia of China
		The Xia period is said to have marked an evolutionary stage between the late neolithic cultures and the typical Chinese urban civilization of the Shang dynasty.
		The Xia Dynasty resumed the hereditary monarchy transmitted from the time of the legendary Yellow Emperor, and began a period of family or clan control of everything in the nation (家天下).
		The Xia Dynasty territory is believed to be extending east to Shandong and Hebei Provinces and west to Henan and Shanxi and from north to south it extended from Hebei to Hubei in the South.
	knows.jongo.com /res/article/16414 (452 words)

	Yuan Dynasty Summary
		A major goal of Genghis was the conquest of the Jin Dynasty, allowing the Mongols to avenge earlier defeats, gain the riches of northern China and mostly to establish the Mongols as a major power among the Chinese world order.
		The dynasty was, significantly, one of the shortest lived dynasties in the History of China, covering the period of just a century 1271 to 1368.
		The last of the nine successors of Khubilai was expelled from Dadu in 1368 by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Míng Dynasty (1368-1644).
	www.bookrags.com /Yuan_Dynasty (3173 words)

	ipedia.com: Ming Dynasty Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This dynasty started out as a time of renewed cultural blossom: arts, especially the porcelain industry, reached an unprecedented height; Chinese merchants explored all of the Indian Ocean, reaching Africa with the voyages of Zheng He.
		Zhu, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, was one of the only two dynastic founders who emerged from the peasant class.
		During Hongwu's reign, the early Ming dynasty was characterized by rapid and dramatic population growth, largely due to the increased food supply and Hongwu's agricultural reforms.
	www.ipedia.com /ming_dynasty.html (3204 words)

	Chinese dynasties are part of Chinese history
		Province, in 1928, it was difficult to separate myth from reality in regard to the Xia.For many years, the Xia Dynasty was thought to be a part of a myth that the Chinese tell as part of their history.
		At minimum, the Xia period marked an evolutionary stage between the late neolithic cultures and the typical Chinese urban civilization of the Shang dynasty.The Xia were agrarian people, with bronze weapons and pottery.
		Like the Xia, the Shang were originally considered to be a myth.The Zhou began as a semi-nomadic tribe that lived to the west of the Shang kingdom.
	www.tqnyc.org /NYC052264/Danieles.htm (360 words)

	blacks of china's first civilization
		Xia was probably situated in the Yihe and Luohe river valleys, and along the Yinghe and Ruhe rivers.
		The totems of the major Xia clans were aquatic animals: fish, tortoise, turtle and etc. This view is supported by the myth recorded in the Annals of the Bamboo Books, which claims that Yu's mother swallowed a spirits pearl before the birth of Di (Lord) Yu, founder of the Xia Dynasty.
		In 1766 B.C., Zhieh was deposed and exiled by Zheng Dang, ruler of Shang.
	www.ipoaa.com /blacks_of_xia.htm (1989 words)

	Stunning capital of Xia Dynasty unearthed
		Situated in the central area of the Xia Dynasty as shown in historical records chronologized as in the Xia Dynasty, the Erlitou Ruins naturally became a key site in the exploration of the Xia culture as well as the division between Xia and Shang dynasties.
		It witnessed the prosperity of the Xia and the transmission from the Xia to the Shang.
		In the 20th century, the discovery of inscriptions on tortoise shells or animal bones and excavation of the Yin Ruins of Anyang proved the existence of the Shang Dynasty.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /en/doc/2003-11/11/content_280475.htm (1585 words)

	Chinese Xia Shang History -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Xia people, who later moved from Shanxi to Henan Prov and founded the dynasty of Xia, certainly brought with them the important dragon totem, a mark that would also be observed among the Huns of Mongolia and the Tungus of Manchuria for the thousands of years to come.
		Xia [AD 407-431], set up by Helian Bobo of Tie-fu Huns, had derived its name from the fact that the Huns were recorded to be of Xiahou origin, namely, Xia Dynasty descendants.
		Xia Chinese remnants, in the opinion of Wang Zhonghan, would evolve into Gui-gang [ghost domain] barbarians who were to fight the Shang Dynasty for hundreds of years till being subdued and then acting as a vassal together with Zhou people's ancestor Count Xi-bo.
	www.republicanchina.org /XiaShang.html (11883 words)

	Chinese History -Western Xia Dynasty (Xixia) è¥¿å¤ (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Taiwan R.O.C. An further tribe founding a dynasty after Chinese pattern were the Tanguts (Chinese: Dangxiang é»¨é ), relatives to the Tibetians, who founded a Western Xia Dynasty (Xixia è¥¿å¤) in 1038.
		This people was controlling the routes to Inner Asia and demanding high tributes from the Song å® emperors, after the Song had to sign a peacy treaty with them in 1044.
		The Tangut people of the Western Xia kingdom did not adopt Chinese customs and habits as quick as the Liao-Khitan é¼ ruling class had done; the main part of their ruling class remained to be nomads.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Song/xixia.html (193 words)

	Xia Dynasty, China History, Chinese Dynasties, Ancient Chinese History
		The establishment of the Xia Dynasty (21st - 16th century BC) is an important milestone in the history of Chinese civilization and marks the end of the Primitive Society and the beginning of the Class Society.
		It is the first dynasty in Chinese history, and lasted nearly 500 years including the reigns of 17 emperors.
		It is thought that most of the people during the Xia Dynasty period probably inhabited the western area of Henan Province and southern Shanxi Province.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/xia (428 words)

	Chinese history:Xia Dynasty
		At minimum, the Xia period marked an evolutionary stage between the late neolithic cultures and the typical Chinese urban civilization of the Shang Dynasty.
		The Xia Dynasty is traditionallly supposed to have begun with the reign of Yu the Great and ended with the fall of Jie,lasting for more than 400 years, from approximately the 21st century BC to a little earlier to the 16th century BC.
		Towards the end of the Xia Dynasty, social contradictions and confict grew sharper.
	www.chinavoc.com /history/xia.htm (325 words)

	Xia Dynasty city found - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		It is the first time that a walled city dating from the Xia Dynasty has been found, providing new materials for research on the period.
		One of them is research on social structure as reflected by the settlement of western Henan Province and southern Shanxi Province from the period of the Longshan culture to the early Xia Dynasty.
		Another important discovery is a ring moat of the early Shang Dynasty (16 century B.C.-11 century B.C.), which lies between the city wall and the moats of the Xia Dynasty, and in parallel with the Xia moats.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=108 (2253 words)

	Xia Dynasty - (BC 2183 -1752 - 431 Years) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The first prehistoric dynasty is said to be the Xia, from about the twenty-first to the sixteenth century BC.
		Tradition names the Xia Dynasty as the first hereditary Chinese Dynasty, which ended only when a Xia ruler fell into debauchery, mistreated his people, and was subsequently overthrown.
		However, there is no archaeological record to confirm this story; the Shang is the earliest dynasty for which reliable historical evidence exists.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/Dynasty/dynasty-Xia.html (182 words)

	Xi Xia or Western Xia Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China
		Xixia Dynasty, or Western Xia Dynasty, lasting hundreds of years, was the exception in Chinese history chronicles, namely, there was no separate volume for this dynasty.
		Dangxiang-qiang spread from Lintao [Lintan of Gansu Prov] and Xiping [Xining of Qinghai] in the east to Yehu [Shanshan and Turfan county in New Dominion Prov] in the west.
		Posterior Han Dynasty continued the pacification policy as to the Tanguts, and further seceded Jingzhou (Mizhi county of Shenxi) to Li Yiyin in AD 949 and conferred the title of "zhong shu ling" (minister for central secretariat).
	www.uglychinese.org /xixia.htm (8296 words)

	Xia Dynasty in Chinese History
		Primarily, the Xia Dynasty was in oral histories, but there was no substantiated evidence of this era until 1959 during an unprecedented archeological find.
		Evidence of the Xia was confirmed utilizing radiocarbon mechanisms that indicated that the Xia existed from 2205 - 1766 B.C. However, despite this new archaeological evidence of the Xia, they are not universally accepted as a true dynasty.
		It is widely believed that the Xia were agrarian, and developed an agrarian calendar, making use of bronze weapons, ceramics and pottery.
	www.dynastiesofasia.com /asian-history-references/xia-dynasty-period-in-chinese-history.htm (370 words)

	Xia, Shang, Yin, Zhou, Qin,
		The Shang dynasty is believed to have been founded by a rebel leader who overthrew the last (still legendary) Xia ruler.
		In the Chinese historical tradition, the rulers of the Zhou displaced the Yin and legitimized their rule by invoking the Mandate of Heaven, the notion that the ruler (the "son of heaven") governed by divine right but that his dethronement would prove that he had lost the mandate.
		The Zhou dynasty was founded by the Ji family and had its capital at Hao (near the present-day city of Xi'an).
	www.crystalinks.com /chinadynasties.html (1267 words)

	Natural Disasters and the Decline and Fall of the Xia Dynasty \| Clearharmony - Falundafa in Europe
		It was during the reign of the twelfth monarch of the Xia Dynasty, Emperor Qin (or Yin Jia), that the Xia Dynasty began to decline.
		In the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Fa (1627 to 1615 B.C.), the fifteenth monarch of the Xia Dynasty, there was an earthquake; it was the earliest record of an earthquake in China and the world.
		During Emperor Gui’s reign, the Xia Dynasty was in a crisis.
	www.clearharmony.net /articles/200306/13060.html (1008 words)

	Stunning Capital of Xia Dynasty Unearthed
		Situated in the central area of the Xia Dynasty as shown in historical records chronologized as in the Xia Dynasty, the Erlitou Ruins naturally became a key site in the exploration of the Xia culture as well as the division between Xia and Shang dynasties.
		Few has known it was the location of the capital of China's first dynasty, Xia between c.1900 BC to c.
		It witnessed the prosperity of the Xia and the transmission from the Xia to the Shang.
	www.china.org.cn /english/2003/Nov/79635.htm (1594 words)

	China History: Xia Dynasty, Chinese History, Chinese Dynasty
		Thus Yu and Qi were the first two kings of the Xia Dynasty that was to last through fourteen rulers.
		Civil wars happened frequently during the early years of Xia Dynasty.
		The last king of this dynasty, Jie, was a tyrant who became so unpopular with his liegemen that he was overthrown and the second dynasty - the Shang Dynasty started under the leadership of the king Tang.
	www.warriortours.com /intro/history/xia/index.htm (280 words)

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