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Topic: Xian Incident

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	Xi'an Incident - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following the Mukden Incident of 1931, when the Japanese invaded and took full and direct control over Manchuria, forcing Zhang, his army and all other Chinese to evacuate, the public placed the responsibility of the disaster on Zhang, who suffered great humiliation in China.
		On 22 October 1936, Chiang flew to Xian from Nanjing and announced his new plan of suppression of the communist forces, raising opposition from both Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng.
		On 22 December 1936, Madam Chiang and her elder brother T.V. Soong flew to Xian to meet the CCP delegation, Zhang, and Yang.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xian_Incident (2173 words)

	Xian
		Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi province, in China.
		Xi'an is the eastern end of the Silk Road.
		Xi'an Incident brought the Communist Party of China and Kuomintang to a truce so the two forces could concentrate on fighting against Japan.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ch/Chang'an.html (169 words)

	Fan Changjiang - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Xi'an Incident was a turning point in Chinese political history.
		On December 12 in 1936, Xi'an Incident broke out in China during the invasion of Japan and nationalist-communist confrontation(1927-1936)which had great effects on political and military aspects.
		Zhou told him all the details about Xi'an Incident, such as the reasons of the incident, the ideas of the Communist party and the important issues about defensing the country against Japan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fan_Changjiang (2995 words)

	Xi'an - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Xi'an (Chinese: 西安; pinyin: Xī'ān; Wade-Giles: Hsi-An; literal meaning: "Western Peace") is the capital of Shaanxi province, in China and a sub-provincial city.
		Xi'an is the largest and most developed city in the northwestern part of China and is ranked among the 10 largest cities in the nation.
		Xi'an borders the northern foot of the Qinling Mountain Ranges to the south, and the banks of Wei River to the north.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Xi'an (1050 words)

	Xi'an - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		One of the most important cities in Chinese history, Xi'an was one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China because it has been the capital of 13 dynasties such as Zhou, Qin, Han and Tang.
		Xi'an is the largest and most developed city in the central to the northwestern part of China and is ranked among the 10 largest cities in the nation.
		The culture of Xi'an is inherited from the traditions of one of the world's earliest civilizations.
	www.voyager.in /Xi'an (1273 words)

	Wikinfo \| Xian
		Xian (西安; pinyin: Xī'ān, Wade-Giles: Hsi-An, literal meaning: "Western Peace") is the capital of Shaanxi province, in China and a sub-provincial city.
		Qin Dynasty (221 BC — 206 BC) constructed its capital in the north shore of Wei River, which was burned by Xiang Yu at the end of the dynasty.
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Xian (594 words)

	The Beijing Center: Expeditions: Xian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Xian was the first capital of a unified China.
		Outside the city is excavation of the Banpo Neolithic village dating to 4000 BC and the Huaqing Pool which is a series of hot springs for the Imperial court and site of the "Xian Incident" in war against Japanese aggression.
		Highlight of Xian for many are the thousands of terra-cotta warriors of Emperor Qin still standing in formation guarding their emperor.
	www.lmu.edu /thebeijingcenter/expeditions/xian.html (197 words)

	Chinese Civil War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first two campaigns failed and the third was aborted due to the Mukden Incident.
		The incident became known as the Xi'an Incident.
		This clash, which would be known as the New Fourth Army Incident, weakened the CCP position in Central China and effectively ended any substantive cooperation between the Nationalists and the Communists and both sides concentrated on jockeying for position in the inevitable Civil War.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_Civil_War (3675 words)

	Xian travel guide - Wikitravel
		Xian (西安 Xī'ān), or officially, Xi'an, pronounced roughly she-ahn, is an historic city in Shaanxi Province, China.
		Xian served as the capital of China for over 1000 years and was home to thirteen dynasties.
		Watch the taxi drivers in Xian as the industry is not regulated as it is in other larger cities like Beijing.
	wikitravel.org /en/Xian (1828 words)

	Xian, the Terracotta Army, Ban Po Cun, and Fragrant Springs — introduction
		The planned itinerary was Xian, Chengdu, and Chongqing by rail, then by boat down the Yangtze through the Yangtze Gorges to Wuhan, then by rail to Guangzhou, and finally Hong Hong where we would depart for Europe.
		Unfortunately after we had left Xian for Chengdu, heavy storms washed away the railway tracks to Chegdu and we had to return to Xian.
		Xian is a provincial town, with only a few noteworthy old buildings, the main attraction being the vast number of historic sites in the vicinity.
	www.harrys-stuff.com /china-xian/china-xian.php (412 words)

	Oral History Zhang Materials Synopsis
		Chang, an important figure in the creation of the modern Chinese state, is best known for his role in the 1936 Xian Incident, in which Chiang Kai-shek was asked to establish a united front between Nationalist and Chinese forces to oppose the Japanese invasion of China.
		There is extensive material on the crucial events know to history as the Xian Incident of December, 1936 scattered throughout the interviews.
		A third theme consists of Zhang's relations with other Chinese warlords in the period leading up to the Xian Incident and of course his relations with the Chinese Communist Party, Chiang kai-shek and the Nationalist Party before and after the Xian Incident.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/lweb/indiv/oral/zhangII.html (663 words)

	Odyssey 2000 Reports - Charles River Wheelmen (CRW) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		[Xian (pronounced "She-on"] This city is the location of the World Heritage Site containing what many archeologists consider to be the major archeological discovery of the 20th Century...the Army of Terra-cotta Warriors.
		While the site was nice as a resort, our real interest was aroused by an historical footnote, referred to as "The Xian Incident." In a cabin on the hillside, during his two week visit in 1936, Chiang Kai-Shek was actually captured and taken prisoner by one of his own generals.
		He was released shortly thereafter because of the Japanese threat and his potential ability to deal militarily with the threat.
	www.crw.org /tours/odyssey2000/odyssey51.html (429 words)

	Zhang Xue-liang : Zhang Xueliang
		In the Xian incident (December 12, 1936), Zhang and another general Yang Hu-cheng kidnapped Chiang Kai-shek and imprisoned the head of the Nationalist government until he agreed to form a united front with the communists against the Japanese invasion.
		Chiang at the time took a non-resistant position against Japan and considered the Communists to be larger danger to China than the Japanese, and his overall strategy was to annihilate the Communists and then focus his efforts on the Japanese.
		He spent half a century in house arrest for his role in the Xian incident, and followed Chiang to Taiwan where he remained non-political and spent his time studing Ming dynasty poetry.
	www.fastload.org /zh/Zhang_Xueliang.html (426 words)

	Japan's war past sparks Chinese rage \| csmonitor.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The incident raises an old but persistent popular animosity between Asia's main giants as well as the reticence by Japan to confront the roots of Chinese feelings.
		In the wake of the Xian incident, for example, China Youth Daily this week published an online survey of 1,827 students showing that 83 percent felt negatively about Japanese "reluctance" to admit to war crimes in China.
		Xian itself is a stronghold of ethnic Han national feeling.
	www.csmonitor.com /2003/1114/p01s04-woap.html (1467 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia World War II - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The conflict spilled over into Africa, included a handful of incidents in the Americas, and a series of major naval battles in the world's oceans.
		It was the largest armed conflict in history, spanning the entire world and involving more countries than any previous war, as well as introducing powerful new weapons, culminating in the first use of nuclear weapons.
		In 1937, Chiang was kidnapped by Zhang Xue-liang in the Xian Incident.
	www.kidsseek.com /encyclopedia-wiki/wo/World_War_II (4427 words)

	Andrés Gentry: Demonstrations in Xi'an (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		University students in Xi'an are currently in lock down: they have been quarantined in their dormitories and those students caught outside campus at the time of the lock down are being brought back to their dormitories.
		Xi'an area universities will be having class this weekend to insure that no students will have the time to continue having demonstrations demanding that the Japanese apologize to China.
		The current lockdown in Xi'an (and its causes and possible effects) are a good example of why this is all so.
	www.andresgentry.com /thoughts/2003/10/demonstrations_.html (1190 words)

	xian: xian \| xian china \| tour xian \| xian hotel \| xian jian qi xia zhuan \| xian incident \| travel xian \| (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Denver Post - For Xian Zhang, associate conductor of the New York Philharmonic, the profusion of critical commentary about the dearth of female conductors due to sexism is much ado about nothing.
		The Sheraton Xian Hotel is near Xi'an City wall, adjacent the West Second Ring Road, offers serenity yet only minutes away from the city center as well as the new Xian Developing Zone of High...
		Hyatt Regency Xian is ideally located within the ancient walls of historic Xian, the Provincial Government Offices, central business district and the major entertainment, shopping and nightlife areas...
	www.gooddingo.com /xian/xian.html (1339 words)

	Eastern Michigan University APA- Asian Cultural History Tour (Fall 2001) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		XIAN was particularly important during the Qin Dynasty.
		Near XIAN is the Tomb of Qin Shi Huang, the first Qin Emperor, and his amazing burial vault of 7,000 life-size terra-cotta warriors, armed and in battle order.
		Nearby we will see the Huaqing Hot Springs, a favorite spot of the emperors and site of the "Xian Incident" where Chiang Kaishek was kidnapped by one of his own generals in the struggle with the Communists in 1936.
	www.emich.edu /abroad/ACHT2001/tour.html (2257 words)

	18.1. To Meet a New Situation
		We had long foreseen that the September 18 incident would lead to another "September 18", and that the Japanese occupation of Manchuria would eventually escalate to a full-scale invasion of all of China, a land of millions of square kilometers.
		The day after the Lugou Bridge incident, which was also called the July 7 incident, the Chinese Communist Party appealed to the entire nation to "resist the Japanese aggression by building a strong wall in the form of the national united front".
		Such efforts by the Chinese communists were redoubled after the Xian incident and at last produced good results in the talks between Chiang Kaisek and Zhou En-lai held in Lushan after the outbreak of the Sino-Japanese War.
	www.kimsoft.com /war/r-18-1.htm (5423 words)

	Huaqing Hot Springs Xian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The source of the hot springs that flows into Huaqing Pool and the historical site of the Five-Room Hall, in the Xi'an Incident, are all situated to the east of the Huaqing Pool.
		After the Incident of September 18, 1936, Japanese imperialists seized the three provinces in northeastern China, and intensified their invasion efforts in the North China.
		The peaceful settlement of the Incident put an end to the civil war which had lasted for ten years, and accelerated the formation and development of the United National Front for the Anti-Japanese Drive.
	www.cnhomestay.com /city/xian/huaqing_hot_springs.htm (2195 words)

	Item 35
		On December 4 1936, Chiang Kai-shek, the nationalist leader met with Marshal Chang in Xian, ostensibly to plan a campaign against the Communists that was due to begin on December 12.
		Chang arrested Chiang Kai-shek, an event that became know around the world as the "Xian incident." Two weeks later, Chiang was released after agreeing to work with the Communists in fighting the Japanese.
		After the Xian incident Marshal Chang might have chosen to join the Communists.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/lweb/eresources/exhibitions/treasures/html/35.html (267 words)

	Xian Incident (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Xi'an Incident involved the Communists capturing Chiang Kai Shek at an ancient hot spring.
		One of the structures in the Xi'an Incident compound.
		Sue standing beside a rock at the Xi'an Incident compound.
	www.joeberkphotography.com /Xian_incident.htm (89 words)

	Why War? Should Israel be Seen As Doomed? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The road to the downfall of this great empire began with the Manchurian Incident in 1931óa surprise attack by elements of the Kwangtung Army, a unit of the Imperial Japanese Army, on a Chinese garrison in today's Shenyang, northeastern China.
		These incidents must have been either the isolated actions of Chinese people who could no longer tolerate the overbearing attitude of the Japanese, or by certain groupings of people in the Nationalist Party who acted out of control.
		The incident occurred in Tongzhou, east of Peking, now Beijingóa city full of Japanese that was governed under Japanese rule.
	www.why-war.com /news/read.php?id=1552&printme (1837 words)

	To What Extent was the Second Sino-Japanese War caused by the Lugouqiao Incident? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Both Chinese and Western historians consider the Lugouqiao (July Seventh or Double Seventh) incident to be an immediate cause of a full-fledged, final showdown between China and Japan conflicts.
		After the Manchurian incident (1931-32) Japan established control over northeastern China, which led to the intervention by the League of Nations through Lytton's mission and Stimson's condemnation.
		In addition, Nationalist-Communist conflicts were temporarily resolved by Zhang Xueliang's coup d'etat in the Xian incident, 1936.
	hkuhist2.hku.hk /history/studentprojects/japan/1997b/ess2.htm (1035 words)

	Press1
		Many years ago, the health of his wife made it best for her to return to Australia, and in China her increasingly polished rough-diamond husband, as the years rolled on, perhaps killed more ladies (in the complimentary, Edwardian sense of "ladykilling") than any other man in China's swift, hard, cheap, international Shanghai-Peiping set......
		The Xian Incident would ultimately be considered the pivotal event in 20th century China next to the 1911 revolution.
		He flew to the latter's stronghold in Xian evan as government hawks urged a full-scale bombing of Xian and a resumption of war with the Communists, even if it meant death to Chiang (and presumably to Donald).
	www.donaldofchina.com /Don_Who_/Press1/press1.html (636 words)

	Five Chinese Nuns Hospitalized After Land Dispute
		One of the nuns, identified as Cheng Jing, 34, was blinded in the attack and has recovered the use of only one eye, and another nun was scheduled for surgery on her spine, according to people who have visited them.
		The attack occurred on the night of Nov. 23 on a parcel of disputed land in downtown Xian adjacent to the city's main state-sanctioned Catholic church, the Southern Cathedral.
		But the incident in Xian is unusual because the victims were members of one of China's largest communities of nuns, the Convent of the Franciscan Missionaries of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2005/12/01/AR2005120101679.html (923 words)

	Chang Kai Shek's Cave at Fragrant Springs park, Xian, China
		In 1936 Chang Kai Shek, a powerful southern warlord and leader of the Guomindang (also known as KMT, Kuomintang, or "National Peoples Party") came to Xian for a conference with the northern warlords.
		What followed is sometimes known as the 'Xian Incident'.
		The bedroom Chang Kai Shek spent the night is preserved and we were shown the bed which he (apparently) had to vacate in such a hurry.
	www.harrys-stuff.com /china-xian/xian-incident-cave.php (273 words)

	Boston.com / A&E / Books / How Chiang Kai-Shek lost a nation
		On Dec. 12, 1936, while Chiang was in Xian, preparing "the last five minutes" of a campaign against Communist strongholds, the Young Marshal, who favored an alliance with the Communists to defeat Japanese invaders, staged a coup.
		Mao, the leader of the Communist forces, sent the cosmopolitan Zhou Enlai to settle the crisis.
		Meiling had also flown to Xian and won Zhou's approval of "a verbal assurance of unity" against Japan.
	www.boston.com /ae/books/articles/2004/01/20/how_chiang_kai_shek_lost_a_nation (610 words)

	Sino Japanese War - China History Forum, online chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Btw, Chiang could have done a much better job after the Xi'An incident by diverting the 400000 troops he stationed to contain the Communists (yes I'm not kidding) to get rid of the Jin and Gui cliques and form a united front against the Japanese.
		People tend to criticize him for the Mukden incident but China in 1931 is too weak to put up a stronger resistance than in 1937.
		People tend to criticize him for the Mukden incident but China in 1931 is too weak to put up a stronger resistance than in 1937. Its only been 4 years since the KMT has been stably established and the KMT military forces can hardly be called united and standardized.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=6402 (2523 words)

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