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Topic: Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

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	China Source
		The Tujia live along the Wuling Range in the Xiangxi Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture and the Exi Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Western Hunan and Hubei provinces.
		In this prefecture, the Tujia are the "majority minority." On December 1, 1983, they established the Exi Tujia, Miao Autonomous Prefecture in southwest Hubei Province.
		The Tujia have a popular dance that is at least 500 years old-the Beishou.
	www.chsource.org /Tujia.htm (530 words)

	Miao
		The Miao (苗), also known as Hmong, are an Asian ethnic group whose homeland is in the mountainous regions of southern China (especially Guizhou) that cross into northern Southeast Asia (northern Vietnam and Laos).
		According to Chinese legend, the tribe under Chiyou (蚩尤 chi1 you2) was defeated at Zhuolu (涿鹿 zhuo1 lu4, a defunct prefecture on the border of today provinces of Hebei and Liaoning) by Huang Di (黃帝 huang2 di4), leader of the Huaxia (華夏 hua2 xia4) tribe as they struggled for supremacy of the Huang he valley.
		Qiandongnan Miao and Tong Autonomous Prefecture (黔东南), Guizhou
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/m/mi/miao.html (2057 words)

	Tujia language, alphabet and pronunciation
		The Tujia live in an area that straddles the provinces of Hunan, Hubei and Guizhou and Chongqing Municipality in central China.
		Tujia is used to a limited extent in schools, but has no presence in the media.
		Tujia is a tonal language with four tones: 1 = high level, 2 = high rising, 3 = low falling, and 4 = high falling.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/tujia.htm (178 words)

	Tujia Encyclopedia Article @ CNAutomobiles.com (CN Automobiles) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Tujia are renowned for their singing and song composing abilities and for their tradition of the Baishou (摆手舞) hand dance, a 500 year old collective dance which uses 70 ritual gestures to represent war, farming, hunting, courtship and other aspects of traditional life.
		Tujia is a Tibeto-Burman language and is usually considered an isolate within this group, although it has grammatical and phonological similarities with Yi (though its vocabulary is very different).
		Today there are at most 70 thousand speakers of the Tujia language, all of whom live in the northern part of Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in north-western Hunan Province.
	www.cnautomobiles.com /encyclopedia/Tujia (612 words)

	Ethnologue: China
		Danba (=Rongzhag), Daofu (Dawu), Luhuo, Xinlong (Nyagrong) counties of the Ganzi (Garzê) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of western Sichuan, and Jinchua (Quqên) County of the Aba (Ngawa) Tibetan-Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of northwestern Sichuan.
		Mianning, Muli, Xichang, and Yanyuan counties of the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefectue, and Jiulong (Gyaisi) County in the Ganzi (Garzê) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of southwestern Sichuan.
		SHIXING [SXG] Muli Tibetan Autonomous County in the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of southwestern Sichuan.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/Chin.html (11262 words)

	Hmong People Encyclopedia Article @ Haired.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Qiandongnan Miao and Tong Autonomous Prefecture (黔东南 : Qiándōngnán), Guizhou
		Although the term 'Miao' is used today by the Chinese government to denote a group of linguistically and culturally related people (including the Hmong, Hmu, Kho Xiong, and A Hmao), it has been used inconsistently in the past.
		Conflict between Miao groups and newly arrived settlers increased during the eighteenth-century under repressive economic and cultural reforms imposed by the Qing Dynasty.
	www.haired.org /encyclopedia/Hmong_people (3693 words)

	Rising Star in Tourism
		Xiangxi is becoming one of China's leading tourist areas because of its picturesque landscape,exotic customs and places of historical interest,Xiangxi Magistrate Wu Jihai said in Jishou Thursday.
		Located in northwest Hunan Province in central China,Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture has a total population of 2.6 million,of which 72 percent are minority ethnic groups,mainly Tujia and Miao nationalities.
		Xiangxi is unique as it combines natural beauty,history and ethnic culture,said Zheng Yan,dean of the tourism school of Hunan Normal University.
	www.china.org.cn /english/TR-e/37720.htm (259 words)

	Ethnologue report for China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Southwestern Gansu Province in the Jishishan Bao'an-Dongxiang-Sala Autonomous County of the Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, and Bonan-speaking Tu in Tongren, eastern Qinghai Province.
		Mianning, Muli, Xichang, and Yanyuan counties of the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, and Jiulong (Gyaisi) County in the Ganzi (Garzê) Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of southwestern Sichuan.
		Lushui and Fugong counties in Nujiang Lusu Autonomous Prefecture of northwestern Yunnan.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_country.asp?name=China (8374 words)

	Tujia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The vast majority of the Tujia use Chinese; a few speak Miao.
		Few monolingual Tujia speakers remain; nearly all are bilingual in Chinese.
		It is estimated that the language may reach extinction by the 22nd century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tujia (465 words)

	Sister Cities International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Xiangxi has 4 museum, 1 art museum, 8 culture halls, 9 departments of protecting cultural relics and 9 public libraries, including: Liye Museum of Inscribed Slips of Qin, House of Shen Congwen, House of Xiong Xiling, Wong WingYuk Museum of Art, Xiangxi National Theatre, Nan Huashan National Park.
		Xiangxi with a population of 2.6 million, 39.8 percent are of Tujia nationality, 32.7 percent are of Miao nationality.
		Xiangxi Tujia - Miao Autonomous Prefecture would like to be the sister city of Phoenix City, Arizona.
	www.sister-cities.org /icrc/cityseek/list/display?recID=64398 (439 words)

	Nationalities in China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The largest concentration of Koreans is in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in eastern Jilin Province.
		It is concentrated mainly in the Huzhu Tu Autonomous County in Qinghai Province, and also in the counties of Minhe and Datong.
		Almost all the Uygurs are found in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region which covers more than 1,709,400 square kilometers or approximately one sixth of China's total landmass, and is by far the biggest of the country's regions and provinces.
	www.chinahighlights.com /travelguide/nationalities.htm (6872 words)

	directopedia : Directory : Regional : Asia : China : Hunan
		Hunan is divided into 14 prefecture-level divisions, of which there are 13 prefecture-level cities and 1 autonomous prefecture.
		The 14 prefecture-level divisions of Hunan are subdivided into 122 county-level divisions (34 districts, 16 county-level cities, 65 counties, 7 autonomous counties).
		The minority groups are Tujia, Miao, Dong, Yao, Hui, Bai, Zhuang, Uighurs and so on.
	www.directopedia.org /directory/Regional-Asia/China-Hunan.shtml (1128 words)

	Hmong People Encyclopedia Article @ Populace.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Miao has been an official term for one of the
		Ming dynasty (1368–1644) by which time had taken on the connotation of "barbarian." Interchangeable with 'man' and 'yi', it was used to refer to the indigenous people of the southwestern frontier who refused to submit to imperial rule.
		Conflict between Miao groups and newly arrived settlers increased during the eighteenth-century under repressive economic and cultural reforms imposed by the
	www.populace.org /encyclopedia/Hmong_people (3470 words)

	Xiangxi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture \| Quasi Autonomous Non Govermental Organisation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
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	eqav.info /xiangxi-tujia-and-miao-autonomous-prefecture.htm (319 words)

	Young artists add their own inspiration to tradition
		However, the children of the Miao ethnic group in the La'ershan Hope Primary School in Fenghuang County are getting the chance to enjoy an entirely new sort of fine art class.
		Last July, the school became one of seven in Xiangxi to be covered by the "Dandelion Action" programme, part of a three-year project for after-school fine art education.
		Ancestors of the Miao and Tujia ethnic groups settled in the region thousands of years ago.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_newupdate/2004-07/15/content_56750.htm (538 words)

	Autonomous Action Unit \| Xiangxi Tujia And Miao Autonomous Prefecture \| Map Of 17 Autonomous Regions In Spain \| It Is ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
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	afqh.info /autonomous-action-unit.htm (232 words)

	Xiangxi city and Xiangxi River - Xiangxi Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture Is Located In Northwestern Hunan Province.
		Xiangxi city and Xiangxi River - Xiangxi Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture Is Located In Northwestern Hunan Province.
		Xiangxi is the abbreviation for Xiangxi Tujia-Miao autonomous Prefecture which is located in northwestern Hunan Province.
		Xiangxi Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture has jurisdiction over seven counties---Longshan, Yongshun, Baojing, Huayuan, Guzhang, Fenghuang and Luxi, and one city---Jishou, the capital of the prefecture.
	chinatravelz.com /china/Hunan/Xiangxi/index.asp (297 words)

	Hmong Translation Services
		The Miao themselves use various self-designations and the Chinese traditionally classified them according to the most characteristic color of the women's clothes.
		The Chinese expeditioners and invaders gave to the Hmong the appellation "Miao", which later became "Meo" and "Man".
		Some consider that it is best to use Miao as a general term, especially as this is in accord with tradition and is also practical for making the situation clear to persons not specializing in the study of Miao.
	www.verbatimsolutions.com /languages/hmong.php (2009 words)

	Laoplanet.net - Hmong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Hmong, also known as Miao, are an Asian ethnic group whose homeland is in the mountainous regions of southern China (especially Guizhou) that cross into northern Southeast Asia (northern Vietnam and Laos).
		According to Chinese legend, the tribe under Chiyou was defeated at Zhuolu (a defunct prefecture on the border of today provinces of Hebei and Liaoning) by Huang Di leader of the Huaxia tribe as they struggled for supremacy of the Huang he valley.
		Thus beginning from the Han Chinese Tang Dynasty the Miao ceased as a major non-Chinese group except in the province of Yunnan where six "zhaos" of Miao resided there.
	laoplanet.net /content/view/66/48 (1947 words)

	Tujia - China-related Topics TU-TZ - China-Related Topics
		The Tujia (土家族) are an ethnic group numbering about 8 million, living in the Wuling Mountains of China's Hunan and Hubei Provinces of Chinaprovinces.
		The vast majority of the Tujia use Chinese languageChinese; a few speak Miao.
		The Tujia are renowned for their singing and song composing abilities and for their tradition of the Baishou hand dance, a 500 year old collective dance which uses 70 ritual gestures to represent war, farming, hunting, courtship and other aspects of traditional life.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Tujia (342 words)

	Art class tailored for poverty-stricken children (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In another classroom was a small exhibition of drawings by students from Shidong Township Primary School and colour photos displaying samples of the "artworks" created by primary school students from Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hunan Province.
		All the activities were part of "Dandelion Action," a three-year programme for after-school fine art education for underprivileged children living in urban areas, as well as for primary school students in remote, poor regions and ethnic compact communities.
		In mid-2003, she launched the programme in Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Hunan, along with Xie Lifang, head of the Hunan Provincial Children's Art Palace and a chief co-ordinator for part of the "Dandelion Action" programme in Xiangxi.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_newupdate/2005-08/18/content_71954_2.htm (323 words)

	China Province - Region, Regional
		Jishou is in the northwest of Hunan Province, at the eastern foot of Wuling Mountain.
		It is the capital of the Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Nationalities Autonomous Prefecture.
		It is about 24 km from the western suburb of Jishou and is home to the Miao minority.
	www.cntravel.biz /china_columns/provinces/hunan/hun_jish.shtml (278 words)

	Hmong (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		According to Chinese legend, the tribe under Chiyou (蚩尤 Chīyoú) was defeated at Zhuolu (涿鹿 Zhuōlù, a defunct prefecture on the border of today provinces of Hebei and Liaoning) by Huang Di (黃帝 Huángdì), leader of the Huaxia (華夏 Huáxià) tribe as they struggled for supremacy of the Huang he valley.
		Centuries later, many Hmong in Laos were recruited by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency as part of a plan to fight the Communist Pathet Lao movement in that country.
		Today, the majority of Hmong in the United States, about 270,000, live in California, Minnesota, and Wisconsin.
	www.keywordmage.net /hm/hmong.html (2476 words)

	LINGUIST List 18.311: Language Description: Brassett, C.; Brassett, P.; Lu, M. (2006)
		He (2003) postulated that Tujia could be a member of the Qiang branch.
		A Grammar of Tujia is by sure a very important contribution to the field of
		Overview of the Tujia Language of Central South China.
	linguistlist.org /issues/18/18-311.html (1637 words)

	Xiangxi city and Xiangxi River - Xiangxi Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture Is Located In Northwestern Hunan Province.
		Xiangxi is the abbreviation for Xiangxi Tujia-Miao autonomous Prefecture which is located in northwestern Hunan Province.
		Xiangxi Tujia-Miao Autonomous Prefecture has jurisdiction over seven counties---Longshan, Yongshun, Baojing, Huayuan, Guzhang, Fenghuang and Luxi, and one city---Jishou, the capital of the prefecture.
		Xiangxi is a wonderful place with a long history, picturesque scenery and plain customs.
	www.chinatravelz.com /china/Hunan/Xiangxi/index.asp (276 words)

	Hmong Translation - Translate Hmong Language Translator
		, a defunct prefecture on the border of today provinces of Hebei and Liaoning) by Huang Di (黃帝 Hu), leader of the Huaxia (華夏 Hu) tribe as they struggled for supremacy of the Huang he valley.
		During the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-1911) 'miao' and 'man' were both used, the second possibly to designate the Yao (傜 Y o) people.
		Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (恩施 : Ēnshī), Hubei There are in addition 23 Miao autonomous counties:
	www.translation-services-usa.com /languages/hmong.shtml (2328 words)

	Tourism: Harm or benefit for Zhangjiajie?_china_English_SINA.com
		What tourists did not see was any real evidence of the culture of the Tujia minority, whose people make up 77 per cent of Zhangjiajie's population.
		Li Zhe, a local tour guide, says that aside from a few guides like himself who have learned about Tujia traditions and history as part of professional training, few residents, many of them ethnic Tujias themselves, know anything about their culture.
		There are places in the neighbouring Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture that have preserved their folk culture much better, says Deng Xiaoxia, who was born in Xiangxi but now works in Beijing.
	english.sina.com /china/1/2005/1018/50064.html (550 words)

	Resources on the Hmong
		The Hmong, also known as Miao, are an Asian ethnic group speaking the Hmong language, whose homeland is in the mountainous regions of southern China (especially Guizhou) that cross into northern Southeast Asia (northern Vietnam and Laos).
		This language, which consists of 30-40 mutually and highly intelligible dialects, belongs, together with the Bunu language, to the Miao branch of the Hmong-Mien (Miao-Yao) language family.
		There are also 2,000,000 Miao, especially in Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, and on other continents.
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/asian/Hmong.html (4050 words)

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