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Topic: Xisha Islands

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1978

Soviet Union

	Hainan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Communists resumed development of the island along the lines established by the Japanese, but the results were limited by the island's isolation, its humid and typhoon-prone climate, and its continuing reputation as a place of danger and exile by mainland Chinese.
		The Nandu River in the northern part of the island is 314 km long, and its tributary, the Xinwu River, is 109 km long; the Changhua River in the west is 230 km long; and the Wanquan River in the east is 162 km long.
		Hainan Island is often divided into eight regions for tourism purposes Hainan Island: Haikou and area (Haikou, Qiongshan, Ding'an); the Northeast (Wenchang); the Central East Coast (Qionghai, Ding'an); the South East Coast; the South (Sanya); the West Coast (Ledong, Dongfang, Changilang); the North West (Danzhou, Lingao, Chengmai); and the Central Highlands (Baisha, Qiongzhong, and Wuzhishan/Tongzha).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hainan (2487 words)

	Paracel Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Paracel Islands (Chinese: 西沙群島; pinyin: Xīshā Qúndǎo; Vietnamese: Quần đảo Hoàng Sa) are a group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea and part of the South China Sea Islands, about one-third of the way from Vietnam to the Philippines.
		The Paracel Islands are controlled and administered by the People's Republic of China but claimed by some neighboring countries.
		Before 1932, Paracel Islands was placed on the map of China by the Qing Dynasty and Republic of China, as well as on the map of Vietnam by the Nguyen Dynasty.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xisha_Islands (397 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for guanto
		Dongsha Island DONGSHA ISLAND [Dongsha Island], formerly Pratas Island, in the South China Sea, administered by Hainan prov., SE China.
		The island was discovered by American traders and was claimed by the United States in 1856, along with Jarvis Island and Baker Island.
		Xisha, group of low coral islands and reefs in the South China Sea, c.175 mi (280 km) SE of Hainan island.
	www.encyclopedia.com /searchpool.asp?target=guanto (598 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Paracel Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The islands were also claimed by the South Vietnamese, who maintained a weather station and small garrison there until 1974, when they were attacked and driven from the islands by Chinese armed forces, which then occupied them.
		The Spratly Islands dispute and the law of the sea.
		Islands at the centre of a six-way struggle.(Foreign News)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/ParacelI1.asp (290 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- South China Sea Islands (IM0148)
		The Spratly Islands are scattered between 11°28’ to 4° N and 109°55’ to 117°50’ E. While land formations are numerous within this region, the majority of these are rocks, reefs, sandbanks, or other types of partially submerged landforms.
		A few islands have been developed as small tourist resorts, and have had soil and trees brought in and planted where there were none.
		In effect the oceanic hub of Asia's industrial revolution, the South China Sea islands have been and are being degraded by physical disruption of native flora and fauna, overexploitation of natural resources (guano, turtles), and environmental pollution.
	www.worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/im/im0148_full.html (1654 words)

	Observers' Seat
		The islands were seized by China after a military clash in January 1974, during which Chinese troops bested the South Vietnamese defenders.
		To its part, after taking islands of communist Vietnam, China showed amicability to Malaysia and Philippines and said that China was ready to negotiate resourceful areas with these two countries, brushing VC aside.
		This timeline traces disputes in the Spratly Islands from 1939 to 1995.
	members.tripod.com /paracels74/observersseat.htm (3025 words)

	The Issue of South China Sea
		A take-over ceremony was held on the islands and a monument erected in commemoration of it, and the troops were sent over on garrison duty.
		The Nansha Islands are recognized as China's territory in many countries' authoritative encyclopedias published since the beginning of the 20th century, such as the Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations in the United States in 1963, the Bolshaya Sovietskaya Enciclopediya of 1973 and the Japanese Kyodo World Manual of 1979.
		All the names of the islands, isles and reefs on the South China Sea including the Nansha Islands were unmistakably marked on the Map of the Islands in the South China Sea compiled and printed by the Committee for the Review of Maps of Lands and Waters of China in 1935.
	www.fas.org /news/china/2000/china-000600.htm (4629 words)

	Travel China Hai Nan
		Hainan Island is the second-largest island in China, after Taiwan.
		20 percent of the island is mountainous,15 percent hilly and 65 percent is plain and tableland.
		Under the district's jurisdiction are also the Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha islands in the South China Sea.
	www.welcome2cn.com /hainan.html (584 words)

	South China Sea Islands - Famous Chinese Seas and Islands - Travel to China
		The South China Sea Islands were collectively named the Tough Heads of the Surging Sea (漲海崎頭 Zh?nghǎi Q?t?u) and Coral Cays (珊瑚洲 Shanhu Zhou) since their discovery by the ChinaChinese in the Qin Dynasty.
		Vietnamese fishermen and merchants also have been exploring the South Sea Islands, with a less well-known presence, due to the historically unofficial capacity and shorter records.
		The Republic of China founded in 1911 claimed the islands as part of the province of GuangdongCanton (now Guangdong), and later of the Hainan special administrative region.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/South_China_Sea_Islands (878 words)

	World Affairs Board - Analysis: Spratly Islands
		The islands are important, however, for strategic and political reasons, because ownership claims to them are used to bolster claims to the surrounding sea and its resources.
		In 1946 it seized Itu Aba (in the Spratlys) and Phu Lan Island (in the Paracels).
		In 1978 Marcos made formal claims by declaring that fifty-seven of the islands were part of Palawan Province by virtue of their presence on the continental margin of the archipelago.
	www.worldaffairsboard.com /showthread.php?t=1972 (2826 words)

	China - South China Sea
		The Xisha and Nansha islands also were claimed, and some occupied, by Vietnam, Taiwan, the Philippines, and Malaysia.
		In 1974 the PLA Navy ousted South Vietnamese forces from the Xisha and occupied some of the islands, which were valuable as Chinese fishing bases and guano sites.
		To strengthen its military position in the Xisha Islands and protect itself against the Soviet base at Cam Ranh Bay, Beijing also reinforced its claim to the Nansha Islands.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-2958.html (232 words)

	The Chinese Academy of Sciences
		China's coral reefs are distributed mainly among archipelago such as Nansha, Zhongsha and Xisha islands in South China Sea, as well as in offshore areas along the coast of Hainan Island.
		Chinese scientists have launched a large-scale research project on the coral ecology of the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea.
		Through updating the basic data of the coral ecology on the Xisha Islands, the scientists will also provide facts for the protection of coral reefs and the ecological environment.
	english.cas.ac.cn /english/news/detailnewsb.asp?InfoNo=25366 (296 words)

	Territorial claims in the Spratly and Paracel Islands
		Refers to the Spratly Islands as the Nansha islands, and claims all of the islands and most of the South China Sea for historical reasons.
		Chinese claims are based on a number of historical events, including the naval expeditions to the Spratly Islands by the Han Dynasty in 110 AD and the Ming Dynasty from 1403-1433 AD.
		In 1971, the Philippines officially claimed 8 islands that it refers to as the Kalayaan, partly on the basis of this exploration, arguing that the islands: 1) were not part of the Spratly Islands; and 2) had not belonged to anybody and were open to being claimed.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/spratly-claims.htm (546 words)

	Công Hàm Bán Nước
		This provision applies to all Territories of the People's Republic of China, including the mainland China and offshore islands, Taiwan (separated from the mainland and offshore islands by high seas) and its surrounding islands, the Penghu Archipelago, the Dongsha Islands, the Xisha islands, the Zhongsha Islands, the Nansha Islands and other islands belonging to China.
		The three South Vietnamese held islands are on the western side of the Crescent Group.
		Li Zhimin, charge d'affaires ad interim of the Chinese Embassy in Viet Nam and told him that "according to Vietnamese data, the Xisha and Nansha Islands are historically part of Chinese territory." Mr.
	conghambannuoc.tripod.com (3986 words)

	China Arguments
		China claims both the Paracel Islands in the north and the Spratly Islands in the southern sector of the South China Sea.
		In 1 876, the first formal act of a sovereignty claim was made, when China's ambassador to England claimed the Paracel Islands as Chinese territory, and, in 1883, a German survey team on the Spratly Islands was expelled by the Chinese.
		China was militarily weak during this period and preoccupied with its own domestic turmoil, and thus did not have the capacity to patrol and protect the Spratlys vigilantly.
	www.nstaweb.com /FrontPageParacels/chinaargument.htm (1406 words)

	Map of China Province - Region, Regional
		Its topography is low on four sides and high in the center from which radiate the island's rivers.
		The Hainan Province administers three cities, 16 counties, as well as the islands and reefs of the Xisha Islands, Nansha Islands and Zhongsha Islands and seawaters around them.
		The province has an area of 34,000 sq km, an average temperature between 22 and 26 degrees centigrade and an annual rainfall of 1,600 to 2,000 millimeters.
	www.cntravel.biz /china_columns/province/content_815405.shtml (599 words)

	The Spratly Islands - China History Forum, chinese history forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		China NEVER had sovereignty over those islands, and according to international law, claims that your fishermen used the islands in antiquity can not be used as the basis for a territorial claim.
		The Paracel Islands are claimed by Vietnam, the PRC and the ROC, and the PRC occupied the islands after defeating Vietnam in a naval battle in 1974.
		The Spratlys are known as the Nansha 南沙 (Southern Sands) in China, and the Paracels as the Xisha 西沙 (Western Sands).
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=508&st=45&p=4710514&#entry4710514 (7328 words)

	China Reform Monitor No. 419, December 17, 2001
		The airspace, includes some of the air space over the Zhongsha Islands and the Xisha Islands - an area rich in natural resources and which surrounding countries claim sovereignty - strengthening China control over the area from the air.
		The area is centered over the "Sanya" radar installation on Hainan Island, initiated with the reversion of Hong Kong in 1997.
		China prevailed in a military with clash with the US-backed South Vietnam in the Xisha Islands in 1974.
	www.afpc.org /crm/crm419.htm (510 words)

	Advances in sea cucumber aquaculture and management
		Dongsha Islands, Nansha Islands, Xisha Islands and Zhongsha Islands in the South China Sea, located in the subtropics, are rich in sea cucumber resources.
		Sea cucumbers in the four island groups are found on the coral reef flats at up to 70 m depth.
		Because of the relative seawater turbidity around the islands the fishing activity is generally restricted in waters not deeper than 60 m.
	www.fao.org /docrep/007/y5501e/y5501e0v.htm (1880 words)

	Destination » China » HaiNan Island \| Javisatravel.ca
		The island faces the Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong Province across the Qiongzhou Straits and VietNam across the Gulf of Tonkin.
		Its geography is shoreline but higher in the centre from which radiate the island's rivers.
		Twenty percent of the island is mountainous,15% hilly and 65% is plain and tableland.
	www.javisatravel.ca /chinguid/hainan.htm (598 words)

	Oceans' 'rain forests' vanishing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		But as scientists know little about the condition of the reefs off Xisha and Nansha, surveying them will form an important part of the team's work in 2005.
		Last year, the survey group visited several Xisha islands in a trial underwater research run.
		Lian estimates that in general, coral reefs in Xisha have survived far better than those in coastal areas.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_newupdate/2005-03/15/content_67139_4.htm (406 words)

	South China Sea Tables
		In 1971, the Philippines officially claimed 8 islands that it refers to as the Kalayaan, partly on the basis of this exploration, arguing that the islands: 1) were not part of the Spratly Islands; and 2) had not belonged to anyone and were open to being claimed.
		Chinese seized the Paracel Islands from Vietnam, with 18 of its troops killed in clashes on one of the islands.
		Chinese and Vietnamese navies clashed at Johnson Reef in the Spratly Islands.
	www.eia.doe.gov /emeu/cabs/schinatab.html (1414 words)

	Paracel Islands at Health Info Topics - Paracel Islands Topics, Information and Resources Online
		The Paracel Islands (or Xisha Islands, Chinese: in pinyin: xi1 sha1 qun2 dao3; Vietnamese: Hoàng Sa) are a group of small islands and...
		They have occupied the Paracel Islands since 1974 by defeating the Republic of Vietnam Navy (South Vietnam).
		China has occupied the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops seized a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the...
	www.healthinfotopics.com /directory/Locations_Worldwide/Paracel_Islands (338 words)

	[10 Dec 1996] GA/9193/ : GENERAL ASSEMBLY SEEKS MAXIMUM SUPPORT FOR LAW OF SEA CONVENTION; NON-SIGNATORY STATES ASKED ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		"ZHANG KENING (China) said that the Xisha Islands and the Nansha Islands in the South China Sea were Chinese territory; China exercised absolute sovereignty over those islands and that fact was also recognized by international practice and international law.
		Secondly, China had consistently promoted a peaceful settlement of the dispute regarding these islands, with the governments concerned.
		Thirdly, China was against the attempt of internationalizing the question of these islands.
	www.un.org /news/Press/docs/1996/19961210.ga9193.c1.html (182 words)

	1World2travel - Paracel Islands - index
		China has occupied the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops seized a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the western islands.
		The islands are claimed by Taiwan and Vietnam.
		Before 1932, Paracel Islands was placed in the Map of China by the Qing Dynasty.
	www.1world2travel.com /article.php?articleID=1359 (184 words)

	Touring in Hainan
		Hainan province includes Hainan Island, Xisha Islands, Zhongsha Islands, Nansha Islands, and the region of the South China Sea.
		They are classified according to their degree of maturity, color, and size and dried by the sun.
		It is one of the major fruit products in Hainan Island and has been planted all over the island.
	www.cs.ttu.edu /~ce2004/org/link-tour/tour/hainan.htm (924 words)

	The Issue Of South China Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Nansha Islands were incorporated into Guangdong Province and Hainan Province successively and the Chinese Government has all along maintained China's sovereignty over the Nansha Islands and taken effective actions for that.
		of a standard Vietnamese school textbook on geography published in 1974 that the islands from the Nansha and Xisha Islands to Hainan Island and Taiwan constitute a great wall for the defense of the mainland of China.
		But the Xisha, Nansha, Dongsha and Zhongsha Islands that Japan was asked to abandun by the Peace Agreement of San Francisco Conference were all clearly marked as Chinese territory in the fifteenth map A
	www.cosunam.ch /southchinasea.htm (4792 words)

	Paracel Islands - Gurupedia
		Chinese: 西沙群島 in pinyin: xi1 sha1 qun2 dao3; Vietnamese: Hoàng Sa) are a group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea and part of the
		People's Republic of China has occupied the Paracel Islands since 1974, when its troops seized a South Vietnamese garrison occupying the western islands.
		The islands have no indigenous inhabitants The PRC announced plans in 1997 to open the islands for
	www.gurupedia.com /x/xi/xisha_islands.htm (177 words)

	South China Sea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The di sp ute over territorial claims to the Parcel (Chinese Xisha) Islands and s p ecifically the Spratly (Chinese Nansha) Islands risks the eruption of a m uch more serious clash between China and the United States.
		While the U n ited States has managed to maintain a neutral status in the ongoing stri fe for the time being, as the sole remaining superpower, it could forcibl y be dragged into the dispute should large scale violence occur.
		Both the Spratl y a nd the Parcel Islands themselves are of little physical importance.
	www.amaurycooper.com /page9.html (926 words)

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