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Topic: Xochicalco

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	Xochicalco
		The Xochicalco archaeological zone is situated in the southwestern part of the state of Morelos, 23 miles from the city of Cuernavaca.
		Xochicalco, which means "In the place of the House of the Flowers", lies atop an array of low-lying hills, the main ones of which are known as La Bodega, La Malinche, and Xochicalco.
		To judge from the layout of quarters around sunken court yards, the size of the rooms with their square columns and stuccoed niches, and from such "extras" as drainage, tlecuilli (fireplaces) and temazcal (steam baths), the occupants were high-ranking individuals, perhaps priests responsible for conducting ceremonies at the nearby structures.
	www.clickoncuernavaca.com /XOCHICALCO.htm (1404 words)

	Xochicalco - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Xochicalco is a Pre-Columbian archeological site in the western part of the Morelos, Mexico.
		The name "Xochicalco" means "House of the Flowers" in the Nahuatl language.
		Alexander von Humboldt published illustrations and a description of Xochicalco in 1810.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Xochicalco (310 words)

	The Mystery of Quetzalcoatl
		Xochicalco (the Place of the House of Flowers) flourished during the apogee of Teotihuacan and for almost a century after the fall of the great city.
		Xochicalco, as a transitional site between Teotihuacan and Tula Tollan would seem to fit the description of an origin for later migrations, as it would have been one of the last of the great cities of the Teotihuacan era to fall.
		Xochicalco is situated on a hilltop, ideal for defense against the hordes of barbarians who are assumed to have swept down from the North after the fall of Teotihuacan.
	www.rjames.com /Toltec/cities/xochicalco.asp (1119 words)

	Xochicalco
		One of Xochicalco's attractions is the Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent with some of the finest decorative panelling outside of the Yucatán; as well as the intriguing so-called Observatory cave.
		Xochicalco's zenith of empire lasted during the interval following the fall of Teotihuacan and the rise of the Toltecs; namely in the Late Classic period.
		Xochicalco swiftly took over many of the former power's main trade routes and at its height, its links could be traced to every corner of pre-hispanic Mexico.
	www.geocities.com /atlantis01mx/morelos/xochicalco.htm (1837 words)

	The Archaeological Monuments Zone of Xochicalco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Criterion (iii): Xochicalco is an exceptionally well preserved and complete example of a fortified settlement from the Epiclassic Period of Mesoamerica.
		Criterion (iv): The architecture and art of Xochicalco represent the fusion of cultural elements from different parts of Mesoamerica, at a period when the breakdown of earlier political structures resulted in intensive cultural regroup-ing.
		Xochicalco is an exceptionally well preserved example of a fortified political, religious, and commercial centre from the troubled period of 650-900 AD that followed the breakdown of the great Mesoamerican states such as Teotihuacan, Monte Alban, Palenque, and Tikal.
	whc.unesco.org /sites/939.htm (102 words)

	Mesoamerican Photo Archives: Xochicalco
		The architecture at Xochicalco is not particularly stunning, with few extant carvings or adornments on the structures themselves.
		Xochicalco is notable for its fairly large ballcourts.
		Since Xochicalco was built using the natural slope of the hillside, many underground tunnels were constructed as well.
	eric.tcs.tulane.edu /~dhixson/xochicalco/xochicalco.html (621 words)

	Tour By Mexico ® - Xochicalco site in Morelos State
		Xochicalco was not only the oldest known fortress in Middle America, but also a religious center.
		Already in the beginning of the IX century, Xochicalco must have been an important trading center, as it lay on the trade routes linking the northern and southern cultures.
		Xochicalco means "Place of Flowers", although at present time, the hilltops are arid.
	www.tourbymexico.com /morelos/xochical.htm (296 words)

	ART 347L--Xochicalco
		Most notably, Xochicalco erected the Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent that incorporated the same language of forms that can be traced back to Teotihuacan's Temple of the Feathered Serpent, and which was shared with other sites during this time period in an international language of authority and warfare.
		The façade of the pyramid depicts an enormous, undulating feathered serpent.
		The poses of the individuals are typical of Maya representations of elites, and compare closely to the postures of rulers carved on Maya jades.
	www.utexas.edu /cofa/a_ah/dir/precol/xochicalco.htm (345 words)

	Ecoturismolatino.com / EcoTravellers / Travel Guide / EcoTravel Directory / Mexico / Xochicalco
		Xochicalco means in náhuatl "place of the house of the flowers".
		The meaning of this building is interpreted as a commemorative temple where people celebrated the date "9 reptile eye" many priests of different allied towns of Xochicalco congregated to witness an eclipse of sun (743 D.C.) motive that took them to make an adjustment of its calendar.
		In the superior part of the pyramid there are so many pieces missing that it is impossible, at the moment, to try to interpret the message, but they can be identified to military, dates and names of places.
	www.ecoturismolatino.com /eng/ecotravellers/guide/countries/mexico/destinations/archaelogy/exochicalco.htm (498 words)

	Xochicalco Archaeological Ruins, Cuernavaca, Mexico Page One
		Xochicalco was founded in about 650 AD by the Olmeca-Xicallanca, which are a Mayan group of traders from Campeche, giving them an excellent position along several of the major Mesoamerican trade routes.
		The main part of Xochicalco is located 132 mts (430 ft) above the valley.
		This structure measures 21 by 19 meters at its base and 17 meters in height and is situated in what is known as Xochicalco's Main Acropolis.
	www.delange.org /Xochicalco1/Xochicalco1.htm (222 words)

	El Universal Online
		Xochicalco, a major trading center, rose to power after the fall of Teotihuacan in 700 A.D. Some inhabitants of Teotihuacan are believed to have emigrated to Xochicalco after the metropolis, known as the City of the Gods, fell.
		Xochicalco's rise during the epi-classic period, a prelude to the post-classic decline of Mesoamerica from 900 to 1529 A.D., preceded the birth of Tula, in the state of Hidalgo.
		Its name, Xochicalco, devised by later Nahuatl-speaking tribes, meant "house of flowers" and is believed to refer to the abundance of cazahuate trees that grew up around the ruins of the city.
	www2.eluniversal.com.mx /pls/impreso/noticia.html?id_nota=5016&tabla=miami (1256 words)

	Reports Submitted to FAMSI - Bradford Andrews
		Research has revealed that the market was a firmly established institution at Epiclassic Xochicalco and probably was where most of the city’s citizens acquired the tools made in the city’s commoner workshops (Hirth 1998).
		The constraints limiting the availability of obsidian at Xochicalco may be one good reason the elites were not involved in the production of obsidian artifacts that could have been used to reinforce their social status.
		Thousands of small flakes were collected during the excavations of Xochicalco’s commoner core-blade workshops by screening all the material through 1/8" mesh; few of the flakes reflected bifacial reduction (Hirth 1995).
	www.famsi.org /reports/01029/section03.htm (1650 words)

	Xochicalco near Cuernavaca, Morelos Mexico
		We took a short day trip out to Xochicalco - the pyramid ruins on top of a mountain south of Cuernavaca and visited the Xochicalco Museum which is small but a very nice museum with lots of information and some interesting artifacts.
		Xochicalco in the native language Nahuatl means "place of the House of Flowers" and was constructed during the Epiclassic period between 700 and 900 A.D. as the central part of a city complex that extended to the surround hilltops.
		xochicalco morelos xochicalco universidad xochicalco cultura xochicalco de flora xochicalco de mapa xochicalco, Epiclassic period, mesoamerican, ancient mesoamerican civilization, the mesoamerican ballgame,mesoamerican civilization, mesoamerican archaeology, landscape mesoamerican urban,mesoamerican culture history mesoamerican ancient mesoamerica,culturas de mesoamerica, historia de mesoamerica
	www.icuernavaca.com /xochicalco/xochicalco.html (546 words)

	Xochicalco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Xochicalco became the most important city-state of Mesoamerica after the misterious fall of Teotihuacan.
		It was a fortified city with a standing army and of great political, commercial, scientific and artistic importance, during the years 700 and 900 AC.
		Key points to visit are the Pyramid of the Plumed Serpent, the great plaza “Estela de los Glifos”, the Observatory (which defined their agricultural calendar); the playing courts for their often deadly ball game, as well as residential site and commercial areas.
	www.bassetbelain.com /xochicalco_eng.htm (81 words)

	Xochicalco and the late classic (Morelos)
		Located in the southeast of the state of Morelos, Xochicalco was undoubtedly one of the most important cities in Mesoamerica.
		Xochicalco, meaning “place of the house of flowers” in Nahua, was built on a group of low hills whose peaks and slopes were modified to build civic, religious and residential constructions, as well as walls, bastions and moats for defense.
		This permitted social mobility, the reorganization of settlements, different forms of relationships and trade between towns and the growth of other cities such as Cacaxtla, Xochitécatl and Teotenango, in the center of Mexico, although none of them achieved the supremacy that Teotihuacan had.
	www.mexicodesconocido.com /english/zonas_arqueologicas_y_museos/centro/detalle.cfm?idsec=47&idsub=0&idpag=1323 (448 words)

	Untitled Document
		The archaeological area of Xochicalco is located in the Southwest of the state of Morelos, 38 kilometers from the city of Cuernavaca.
		Xochicalco means “Where is the home of the flowers”, it is located on a group of hills of low height, the main ones are The Cellar, The Malinche and Xochicalco; the last mention, was made
		In accordance with some investigators, Xochicalco arose after the abandonment of that urban center to occupy the hole of economic power and politician caused by that fact.
	www.ivimarketing.com.mx /pointsofinterest-acapulco-xochicalco.htm (200 words)

	Xochicalco Pictures and Stories
		The Xochicalco complex is built on the top of a hill.
		Xochicalco was also equipped with an advanced water system.
		Near the solstice, when the sun is almost directly over Xochicalco, an interesting effect occurs at solar noon (not always 12:00 because of distance from the equator and seasonal variation).
	www.whitneyhq.com /Mexico/Xochicalco.html (567 words)

	[No title]
		So I conclude tentatively that the inhabitants of Xochicalco who were recording this event (on these stelas) may have been keeping a continuous count of Uinals, wich may imply a long count of the general type of the Maya.
		Tentatively, I conclude again that those who commissioned these stelas at Xochicalco were using a calendar which counted continuous Uinals and Tuns (units of 20 and of 360 days), and probably laid special significance on multiples of 10 Tuns at least.
		As to the astronomical analogies noted below, please keep in mind that the Mayan date for the beginning of this world age, "4 Ajaw 8 Cumk'u" in 3114 BCE is calculated to have the properties that Mercury and Venus were in conjunction, almost fallen into the Sun, and Saturn also almost fallen into the Sun.
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/ANE/ANE-DIGEST/2001/v2001.n329 (2722 words)

	TONY BURTON - DID YOU KNOW? FACTS & FICTION WITH A MEXICAN TWIST FEBRUARY 2004
		Archaeologists studying the site of Xochicalco, just outside the city of Cuernavaca in central Mexico, believe that a major conference of astronomers was held there in the eighth century A.D. in order to implement an adjustment of six days.
		An altar may have been good enough to commemorate the Copán gathering, but in Xochicalco the organizers went one stage further and built an entire lavishly decorated pyramid as a memorial to the event.
		The scenic and imposing ruins visible at Xochicalco today reflect only a small proportion of what was formerly a much more extensive city.
	www.mexconnect.com /mex_/travel/tonysarticles/tbdid0204.html (179 words)

	Universidad Xochicalco : Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		CEUX has been chartered by the government of the State of Baja California, Mexico and it is accredited by Federal Ministry of Education in Mexico for issuing titles and degrees at the professional level.
		Xochicalco allows those international students whose spanish proficiency is limited, to answer the exams in English during the first semester.
		Xochicalco Medical School asks a minimum of 90 semester hours of college level works as a r requirement for admission, but a successful completion of a baccalaureate degree program is preferred.
	www.ceux.edu.mx /ming.htm (1796 words)

	KeepMedia \| uExpress: THE METHODOLOGY AND MYTHOLOGY OF THE CENSUS
		XOCHICALCO, Morelos, Mexico -- The cavernous passages are pitch-fl at this ancient ceremonial center.
		Xochicalco was actually a university, built long before the European arrival.
		Though most remain unexcavated, elders teach that none are ruins, that they all have a history and belong to all native peoples of the continent.
	keepmedia.com /pubs/uExpress/2001/08/24/554196?extID=10037&oliID=229 (228 words)

	Archaeological Monuments Zone of Xochicalco - World Heritage Site - Pictures, info and travel reports
		Archaeological Monuments Zone of Xochicalco - World Heritage Site - Pictures, info and travel reports
		"Archaeological Monuments Zone of Xochicalco " was added to Unesco's World Heritage List in 1999
		Have you been to Archaeological Monuments Zone of Xochicalco ?
	www.worldheritagesite.org /sites/xochicalco.html (61 words)

	Dendlon - Xochicalco and Atlantis
		Collins, manager of the Northwestern Agriculturist, published in Minneapolis, Minn., kindly lent to me several photographs of ancient monuments in Mexico, from which country he had recently returned, and upon which he was lecturing in Western cities.
		It is astonishing that the learned men who have visited and described the Pyramid of Xochicalco never even suspected that it was a mausoleum erected to commemorate some great and terrible event.
		A glance at the attitude of the personages pictured on the wall should have told them that this is such as any one would assume to express horror; for the men of old manifested their feelings by the same instinctive motions as do modern men.
	www.dendlon.de /XoEng.html (1304 words)

	Xochicalco (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Xochicalco is a beautiful and picturesque site located in the rolling foothills of south-western Morelos, about 15 kilometers south-west of Cuernavaca, on the road to Taxco.
		The ceremonial center appears to have been used for making astronomical observations and records, and for keeping the 52 year calendar cycle up to date, later the Toltec kings came to be educated here, in Nahuatl, Xochicalco means the place of flowers.
		Much of the site remains unexcavated, and the most interesting structure is the Pyramid of Quetxalcoatl, which has well-preserved bas-reliefs, depicting the feathered serpent with priest and temple motif.
	www.shawnk.com /mexico/xochic.htm (508 words)

	Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		This ancient city-fortress was founded around 650 A.D. and its strongest development between 700 and 900 A.D. After the fall of Teotihuacan, Xochicalco became one of the main ruling centers of the central high plateau.
		The height of Xochicalco as a great Mesoamerican urban center is defined as the Epiclassic Period.
		The splendor of the culture developed in Xochicalco has lasted, thus calling the attention of chroniclers and travellers since the 16th century.
	mextour.8m.com /custom4.html (1446 words)

	Day Tour Xochicalco with an Enkidu Personal Guide
		Xochicalco (Place of the House of the Flowers in Nahuatl) is the largest and most impressive pre-Hispanic complex in Central Mexico after Teotihuacan.
		One of Xochicalco's major attractions is the Pyramid of the Feathered Serpent (Quetzalcoatl) with some of the finest decorative panelling outside Yucatán.
		The trip to Xochicalco can easily be combined with a visit to Cuernavaca.
	enkidu.netfirms.com /Tours/xochicalco.htm (327 words)

	Archaeological Research at Xochicalco - Volume 2: The Xochicalco Mapping Project
		The ancient site of Xochicalco is located in the state of Morelos in the southern reaches of the central Mexican mountain range.
		Seeking answers, the Xochicalco Mapping Project was initiated in 1978.
		Volume 1 is offers a specific analysis of Xochicalco urban development plus a synthetic treatment of culture process in central Mexico.
	www.uofupress.com /store/product213.html (137 words)

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