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Topic: Xu language

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	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Xu Bing's language-based works are intendeed as subversive acts: "To tamper with the written word is to strike at the very foundation of a culture," he has often said.
		Xu Bing had wedded a near-sacrosanct cultural vocubulary to postmodern conceptualism, forging a pticure of reality that, in the climate of imminent and unpredictable change that characterized Beijing in the late 1980s, both resonated with and alarmed its viewers.
		Xu Bing's reaction to the increasing official attacks on his work was typical of his own brand of cerebral rebelliousness: to turn the language of authority on its head, and in so doing to reveal another meaning, another reality within and beyond it.
	www.xubing.com /aboutMe/bibliography17.htm (3557 words)

	XuBing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Born in 1954, Xu Bing was destined to become an educated man. That education lies at the core of his life for his is an erudite art steeped in learning and awash with history.
		Xu Bing the scholar carefully documents his steps, printing each stage with lush fl ink as he cuts away the wood block, which he then mounts beside the earlier repetition on a continuous scroll of rice paper.
		Xu Bing wanted the volumes and pages to have perceivable order and so he enlisted the numbers one through ten that are used to vote in local Chinese elections.
	www.xubing.com /aboutMe/bibliography14.html (2604 words)

	!Xu language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Language Problems and Language Planning International multi-lingual journal that publishes articles primarily on political, sociological, and economic aspects of language and language use.
		Agora Language Marketplace Extensive collection of resources: learning materials, language publishers, study abroad, language lab hardware, newsletter for the language professional, and a section devoted to business.
		Colon-Language-Center Language Center in Hamburg, Germany, is a large institute which offers language classes in German as a foreign language as well as classes in 18 other languages plus language travels in 20 different countries.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-!Xu_language.html (394 words)

	!xu language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		!Xu is spoken particularly in a region that encompasses parts of Namibia and Botswana, and belongs to what is called the Northern group of Khoisan languages; it possesses no labial click, typical of the Southern Khoisan languages..
		Linguistically, !Xu is generally termed isolating; what this means is that words' meanings are changed by the addition of other, separate words, rather than by the addition of affixes or the changing of word structure.
		!Xu is slowly dying out, along with most other Khoisan languages, because of encroaching Bantu and Khoi cultures.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /%21Xu_language.html (446 words)

	Meta : Sci-tech Translation and Its Research in China (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Xu Guangqi (1562-1633), a famous scientist and high official in the Ming dynasty, was the first person to introduce the modern Western scientific approach to China.
		The language which expresses scientific and technical concepts and theories and facts is not a different language from that of everyday conversation or literature.
		Language as it is used in science is associated with the logical means that science characteristically employs to reason.
	www.erudit.org /revue/meta/1999/v44/n1/002718ar.html (5930 words)

	Xu - UPSID Language Profile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		segaff(n, [voiceless, alveolar, sibilant, ejective, affricate], [ik, tigre, iraqw, navaho, tolowa, hupa, wintu, tzeltal, k7ekchi, otomi, nootka, kwakw7ala, quileute, puget_sound, pomo, jaqaru, georgian, xu]).
		segaff(n, [voiceless, aspirated, alveolar, sibilant, affricate], [beembe, sui, navaho, hupa, kwakw7ala, tarascan, jaqaru, amuesha, georgian, xu]).
		segaff(n, [voiceless, palato_alveolar, sibilant, ejective, affricate], [e_armenian, zulu, tigre, amharic, dizi, haida, tlingit, navaho, chipewyan, tolowa, hupa, wintu, chontal, k7ekchi, mazahua, nootka, quileute, squamish, puget_sound, yana, shasta, zuni, acoma, dakota, yuchi, wappo, itonama, quechua, jaqaru, gununa_kena, georgian, lak, xu]).
	www.langmaker.com /db/ups_xu.htm (1187 words)

	writing under sky
		Extralexical forms are those which express meanings which cannot be «paraphrased» -- from the language of the poem to the language of the reader -- as when, for example, a critic attempts to outline the underlying tenor or plot of a poem.
		Xu Bing's work, as concept and installation, is a standard-bearer for the renaissance of the Chinese avant-garde and, in his statements about «Tianshu», he claims that it is intended to expose the meaninglessness, the bankruptcy and boredom of traditional Chinese culture: to buck its tedious burden, or shuck it off like a husk, perhaps.
		Xu Bing's impermeable text reads across cultures with far greater facility, and necessarily so, for its excision of the lexical ironically indicates that the lexical and extralexical must always be coextensive in order for writing or reading to occur at all.
	www.shadoof.net /in/ts.html (2646 words)

	Tucson Weekly: Character Study (August 23 - August 29, 2001)
		Language is at the core of all cultures and is one of their unifying forces.
		Xu Bing, who now resides in New York, has moved from creating nonsensical Chinese characters in his earlier work to squishing English letters together to look like Chinese characters.
		Xu has an ironic perspective on the relationship between the language spoken by the most people in the world and the one spoken most widely throughout the world.
	www.tucsonweekly.com /tw/2001-08-23/review2.html (1226 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ethnology and anthropology researcher Xu Shixuan of the Social Science Institute, author of “Research of Endangered Languages,” said that among the 120 languages, half are in decline with several dozens seriously endangered.
		Xu pointed out two major reasons for the steady decline of local native languages, with the language of the cultural majority taking precedence over local languages contributing the most.
		Also, most endangered languages are not continually updated and lack corresponding words for modern society.
	english.epochtimes.com /admin/makeArticle2.asp?id=20187&catid=79&subcatid=0 (345 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: Chronicle of a Blood Merchant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Xu Sanguan increases his visits to Chief Li and convinces him to buy his blood, always gorging on fried pig livers and rice wine after a "donation," hoping to keep up his strength and encourage his body to make yet more blood for him to sell as fast as he can.
		Although his wife swears she was raped, Xu Sanguan believes she simply took a lover instead and he beats her unmercifully and ignores Yile, even to the extent of refusing to share the family's food with him.
		The impregnable Xu Sanguan had got himself on the good side of a local Blood Chief and gave blood in a frequent interval that was otherwise forbidden by hospital.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/1400031850 (2210 words)

	SingaporeMoms - Parenting Encyclopedia - Phonetics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Languages can contain from 2 (Abkhaz) to 55 (Sedang) vowels and 6 (Rotokas) to 117 (!Xu) consonants.
		The total number of phonemes in languages varies from as few as 10 in the Pirahã language, 11 in Rotokas (spoken in Papua New Guinea), 12 in Hawaiian and 30 in Serbian to as many as 141 in !Xu (spoken in southern Africa, in the Kalahari desert).
		The English language has about 13 vowel and 24 consonant phonemes (depending upon dialect), which have multiple allophones.
	www.singaporemoms.com /parenting/Phonetics (523 words)

	Hanzi Smatter 一知半解: "Book From The Sky"
		Xu apparently created wooden block type for the characters by hand, and printed them is a manner suggesting ancient religious texts.
		Xu Bing's Tianshu is a work of intelligent art which pays homage to the art and technology of (Chinese) typography; it does so in a very playful way which should command respect for the artist's devotion to the work.
		I have done a lot of work with Xu Bing over the years, and it is indeed fascinating how he deals with the 'sacred' written language of Chinese (representing, among other things, dominance of class, masculinity, education, money etc. achieved through language) by destroying its integrity [my words].
	www.hanzismatter.com /2005/06/book-from-sky.html (3342 words)

	XuBing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When Xu Bing exhibits Square Word Calligraphy, he installs a calligraphy classroom in the art gallery, with the aim of introducing visitors to a world previously considered too obscure and elitist to bear trespassing by the uninitiated (figure 12).
		Xu Bing's fascination with language and books is due largely to his mother's long-term affiliation with Beijing University's Department of Library Sciences, where she was Senior Administrator.
		Because of her (and his father, who was Chair of the History Department), Xu Bing developed a fondness for historical books at an early age, and was encouraged to investigate the Beijing University Library's important collection of rare books and rubbings.
	www.xubing.com /aboutMe/bibliography02.html (1657 words)

	Welcome to Fei Xu's Web Page
		Xu, F. (1997) From Lot's wife to a pillar of salt: Evidence for physical object as a sortal concept.
		Xu, F. (1999) Object individuation and object identity in infancy: The role of spatiotemporal information, object property information, and language.
		Xu, F. (2002) The role of language in acquiring object kind concepts in infancy.
	www.psych.ubc.ca /~fei (381 words)

	culturebase.net \| The international artist database \| Xu Bing
		Language - a system of symbols which is important for the integrity and continuity of a culture - lingers only as an empty shard.
		Xu Bing, who moved to the USA in 1990, says of himself that he belongs to the generation of artists who had ten years of socialism, ten of the cultural revolution, ten of opening towards the west, then ten of living in the west.
		Xu Bing was born in 1955 in Chongqing (Sichuan Provinz) in China and was taught the art of calligraphy by his father.
	www.culturebase.net /artist.php?118 (1703 words)

	Books : Chronicle of a Blood Merchant : A Novel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Xu Sanguan is a Chinese everyman—a cart-pusher in a silk mill struggling under the cruelty and hardships of Mao’s leadership.
		Xu Sanguan’s wife is forced to stand on a stool in the center of town wearing a sandwich board that reads “prostitute.” Yile, his wife’s bastard son, forever haunts Xu Sanguan’s sense of honor.
		And when Xu Sanguan sells his blood so he can take his family out to a proper meal, he does not invite Yile, who paces the town, famished and in tears, offering himself as a son to any man who will buy him a bowl of noodles.
	www.3dstudiomax.net /037542220X/Chronicle_of_a_Blood_Merchant__A_Novel.shtml (675 words)

	Artpace News Item (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Esko Männikkö, Xu Bing, and Franco Mondini Ruiz were selected by Maaretta Jaukkuri, Chief Curator of the Museum of Contemporary Art in Helsinki, Finland, for the annual exhibition at ArtPace organized by a guest curator.
		With a background in the traditional arts of wood block printing and calligraphy, Xu uses language to investigate the fallibility of cross-cultural communication.
		With a little effort, Xu's text is intelligible to those who read English, but incomprehensible to non-English speakers, to whom the characters might at first appear to communicate.
	www.artpace.org /news/1996_08_15_XuBing.php (223 words)

	Give & Take - Artist Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Xu Bing's banner, installed over the entrance on the VandA's Cromwell Road facade, was originally commissioned by the Museum of Modern Art, New York, to hang on its own facade.
		Xu Bing's work incorporates lettering from the New English Calligraphy, a sign system invented by the artist that renders the English alphabet in what may, to a Western eye, look like Chinese characters.
		Xu Bing's hybrid language bears comparison to the objects in Gallery 47e, the Chinese Export Gallery.
	www.vam.ac.uk /vastatic/microsites/giveandtake/ai.html (3322 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It is a resource-based, in-service training programme for tertiary teachers of English in China developed in collaboration between Beijing Foreign Studies University and the University of Nottingham, the United Kingdom.
		In reality, Xu Xianming, an English language trainer from Yuxi Teachers' College, Yunnan province, says, "CALL is unheard of especially in the provinces because the teachers do not have the technological know-how.
		The writer is an Associate of the Office of Academic Affairs and an Associate Professor at the Academy of Language Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam.
	www.asu.edu /educ/epsl/LPRU/newsarchive/Art4127.txt (1019 words)

	Artpace: About the Exhibition
		Gallery visitors are invited tolearn Xu's language by tracing the radicals that comprise the ideograms in delicate handmade copy books supplied, along with brushes and ink, at the desks.
		With little effort, Xu's text is intelligible to those who read English, but remains incomprehensible to non-English speakers, to whom the ideograms might at first appear to communicate.
		Xu provacatively extends the concerns of 1960s Conceptualism by acknowledging the shortcomings of its reliance on language, which is available only to informed speakers and cannot trnscend cultural limitations.
	www.artpace.org /aboutTheExhibition.php?axid=176&sort=artist (925 words)

	Xu Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Xu Zheng Rong, a 45-year-old from China, who joined the programme last...
		His multiple research achievements span from speech recognition to natural language interface to databases, and from...
		Xu Yang, a journalist from the Chengdu Daily, and I are assigned to a Jetta driven by 56-year-old retired worker Wang Wenguang...
	www.wikiverse.org /xu-language (159 words)

	UW Press: Search Books in Print
		Xu Bing (born 1955) stands out as a leading figure in the international art world.
		Featuring works in Square Word Calligraphy, his whimsical, invented language, The Art of Xu Bing traces the calligrapher's career and provides illustrations and in-depth descriptions of his works, which have been shown from Finland to Australia and the United States.
		"Xu Bing [is] one of the most visible of several Chinese artists who began their work in the 1980s and have become international figures in the last few years.
	www.washington.edu /uwpress/search/books/ERIART.html (416 words)

	The Legacy Project: Visual Arts Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1999 Xu Bing won a "genius award" from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation in recognition of his "originality, creativity, self-direction, and capacity to contribute importantly to society, particularly in printmaking and calligraphy."
		A dialogue Between Yang Lian and John Cayley, "Three Words and Non-Words on the Art of Xu Bing,"Xu Bing: Classroom Calligraphy (exhibit cat.), Joan Miro's Foundation at Mallorca (Pilar I Joan Miro a Mallorca), Spain, 1997.
		Boardman, Andrew, "Xu Bing and the Door to the Infinite," Interzones (exhibit cat.), Kunstforeningen, Copenhagen & Uppsala Konstmuseum, Slottet, Uppsala, 1996, pp.
	www.legacy-project.org /artists/display.html?ID=38 (387 words)

	[No title]
		Xu is a good woman for putting up with you!" [Chibi-Raven bristles, but says nothing for the fear of Lyra.
		Xu and I can discuss it tonight if she'd like..." Chibi-Raven: [perched on the edge of the armrest, peering down at Chibi-Sean] "By God, he's finally cracked." [Chibi-Sean shakes it off.] Chibi-Sean: "So when are we getting to the bath part?" Chibi-Xu: "Haven't you been listening?
		Chibi-Sean: "Wha- what does that mean?!" Chibi-Raven: "It means 'Submit to Xu or suffer the consequences.'" Chibi-Sean: ;_; "I'd submit to her, but she won't let me!" Chibi-Raven: --; "Don't listen to him, he's dead." Chibi-Sean: "Rub it in why don't you, bird-face?!" Chibi-Xu: --; "Children, I think we've had enough for tonight.
	gbeans.tyrlen.org /recycle/ff8/omake3.txt (677 words)

	!Xu language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Belarus Resumes Farming in Chernobyl Radiation Zone: The government of Belarus is attempting to put lands contaminated by the Chernobyl disaster back to good use.
		A Lifetime in Recovery From the Cultural Revolution: Xu Tian, a scientist being mentioned by his peers as a potential Nobel laureate, is among those Chinese whose transition to adulthood was hijacked by the Cultural Revolution.
		Lessons Where the Wild Things Are : Ten-year-old Annovis Ngo scrambled out of a stream and up some rocks, her voice breathy, her eyes shining.
	www.icyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/_/_x/_xu_language.html (895 words)

	List of San Organisations
		Work was done on the Ju/'hoan language by linguist Jan Snyman who developed a Ju/'hoan dictionary that was published in 1975.
		The orthography that was developed for the Ju/'hoan language was accepted in October, 1991 by the Namibian Ministry of Education and Culture as the official orthography for the language of the Ju/'hoansi people.
		The Ju/'hoan and other San languages are characterized by these clicks, which are produced by drawing the tongue sharply away from points on the roof of the mouth.
	www.san.org.za /san/03_orth/orthog.htm (613 words)

	History
		The Altaic languages are multisyllable languages, clearly distinguished from Hakka, Mandarin and all the Han dialects.
		Xu Fu's landing place should be around Fukuoka (The Hill of Fu), which was named in memory of him.
		If Hakka was indeed the official language commonly used in Qin-Tang dynasties, then that was the language Xu Fu and his crew spoke.
	www.asiawind.com /hakka/history.htm (6103 words)

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