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Topic: Xylography

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	Typography - LoveToKnow 1911
		It is distinct from writing, and also from wood-engraving or xylography, which is the art of cutting figures, letters, words, andc., on blocks of wood and taking impressions from such blocks by means of ink, or any other fluid coloured substance, on paper or vellum.
		The earliest known date of the former is 1446 on the small engravings of " the Passion " in the Berlin Royal Print Room, whereas the earliest known date of wood-engraving is 1418 (on the Brussels Mary engraving).
		When all this writing, transcribing, illustrating, andc., had reached their period of greatest development, the art of printing from wooden blocks (block-printing, xylography) on silk, cloth, vellum, paper, andc., made its appearance in Europe.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Typography (13598 words)

	Osvaldo Jalil - grabados - Argentina
		Xylography, the most ancient and less sophisticated technique of engraving, passed through all kind of hazards along its history.
		Carved wood renders an additional charge to the xylographic image, which perhaps is due to the contrast of planes, to the thick line and to the traces of the gouge on the wood.
		On watching a xylography it is impossible not to imagine the engraver currying out the cutting, making efforts to give precision to a line, hewing what will be a white plane or to see the wood shavings falling down to the floor.
	www.geocities.com /Vienna/Stage/3633/fundo_apresent.htm (932 words)

	Tècniques - xilografia
		When we talk about a xylography or a xylographic engraving we are therefore referring to an engraving done on a piece of wood.
		Xylography consists of cutting out parts of the wood and leaving the rest, in relief, to correspond to the actual design required.
		Once paper was introduced in the fifteenth century, xylography rapidly began to spread and while it was still mainly used for reproducing images, it was also now applied to the reproduction of texts also.
	oliba.uoc.edu /aureum/en/s03/index2_xilo.html (1410 words)

	[No title]
		Block-printing or Xylography.—When all this writing, transcribing, illustrating, andc., had reached their period of greatest development, the art of printing from wooden blocks (block-printing, xylography) on silk, cloth, vellum,.paper, andc., made its appearance in Europe.
		These books, combining wood-engraving with handwriting, are now in technical language called xylo-chirographs (wood-handwritten books); they may also be called semi-blockbooks, and form an intervening stage between the manuscript book and the blockbook (xylograph) entirely printed from wooden blocks.
		They tend to show that xylography, after having been for some time confined to the production and multiplication of insulated pictures, was gradually applied to the printing of whole series of illustrations, to be added to written texts, or to have written texts added to, them.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?content_id=67228&locale=en (4479 words)

	Xylographic Printing
		It dethroned xylography which couldn't compete with the fine artistic work of the rival technique, which was truly beyond comparison.
		In the beginning the tool used for copperplate engraving was the burin, just as in xylography, but later it was replaced by the technique called "acquaforte".
		By combining the two engraving techniques and having recourse as well to modern graphic procedures, it is possible to obtain the results found in our engravings, which evoke those achieved with the antique methods.
	www.bentleys.co.za /xylography.html (685 words)

	TYPOGRAPHY - LoveToKnow Article on TYPOGRAPHY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It is distinct from writing, and also from wood-engraving or xylography, which is the art of cutting figures, letters, words, andc., on blocks of wood and taking impressions from such blocks by means of ink, or any other fluid colored substance, on paper or vellum.
		Formerly it was the general opinion that playing cards had been the first products of xylography; but the earliest that have been preserved are done by hand, while the printed cards date from the 15th century, therefore from a Block period in which woodcuts were already used for other niers.
		They tend to show that xylography, after having been for some time confined to the production and multiplication of insulated pictures, was gradually applied to the printing of whole series of illustrations, to be added to written texts, or to have written texts added to them.
	87.1911encyclopedia.org /T/TY/TYPOGRAPHY.htm (17624 words)

	Glatt & Ymagos
		It is the real xylography when the instrument can move itself in the direction of the line and not against it.
		In this way the xylography after 1550 was dedicated to fix decorative effects in creativity and only survived because it multiplied masterpieces of other techniques, being carachterized for the use of borrowed values.
		With exception of some xylographies that were made in the Orient around this time till end of the years 1700, for example Hokusay and Utamaro, the last one creator of beautiful xylographies which have some relation with the Kabuki theatre.
	www.glatt.com.br /tec_xilo_ing.asp (939 words)

	Nuremberg Chronicle
		The woodcuts shown in the chronicle represented the emergence of xylography as a prosperous industry in South Germany.
		Xylography was quite dominant for several years before Gutenberg invented typography.
		Albrecht Dürer became a leader in the art of xylography and was a part of the distinguished group who created the woodcuts of the Chronicle.
	ace.acadiau.ca /score/facsim2/INTRO.HTM (650 words)

	Woodcut-1
		The tasks under the graphic decision of initial, headpiece, tailpiece, of the illustration and ex-libris, that is all elements of registration of the book are carried out.
		Distinguish also original and reproduction xylography, but in some cases the skill of the carver becomes in one line with the author of the reproduced image.
		The xylography now is used mainly, as an art - technique illustrate of the books, creation of ex-librises and other printed graphic arts..
	www.pencil.nm.ru /book1/bookm.htm (535 words)

	Web site Leboroni - xilocart - art-artist
		Xylography is a wood engraving technique used to reproduce copies of drawings or inscriptions in prints.
		The rich production of Xilocart, ranging from letter paper to objects of all kinds, from personalisation to events, through graphic communication and an entirely artisan development resulting from a specific choice in terms of production.
		The ancient technique of xylography can therefore be easily combined with high quality Italian crafts, the culture of nature and an elegant execution.
	www.xilocart.it /en/art-artist.html (387 words)

	xylography \| estblogs.com
		It is, therefore, fitting to give an idea of the extent to which the monastic influence prevailed, and of the nature of the people who cherished, loved, and accepted it at all times.
		It may be said that the Christian Church, as established in the island by St. Patrick, rested mainly for its support on the religious orders.
		As they were found everywhere, there was not room for much else in the department they filled in the island.
	xylography.absblogs.com (1214 words)

	Reporter-Times.com \| Word of the Day
		“Xylography” combines “xylo-,” meaning “wood,” and “-graphy,” which denotes writing in a specified manner.
		“Xylography” didn’t appear in print in English until 1816, but it is linked to printing practices that are much older.
		In fact, the oldest known printed works (from Japan and China in the 8th and 9th centuries) were made by xylography, a printing technique that involves carving text in relief upon a wooden block, which is then inked and applied to paper.
	www.reporter-times.com /?module=displaystory&story_id=28949&format=html (180 words)

	Modernization in Japan and the Ukiyo-e
		These prints maintain the characteristics of traditional xylography and reflect the ongoing changes in architecture, clothes and transportation in the country.
		Kobayashi Kiyochika (1847-1915) was the first to explicitly introduce European artistic codes combined with a peculiar Japanese view, thus creating his exquisite night scenes, where he played with lights and shadows with extreme care, giving these images a strong psycological atmosphere, an aspect almost absent in traditional woodblock prints.
		Kiyochika enjoyed representing the mutating states of light: dawn and dusk, the reflection of gas light on the streets and on the water, and at the same time simulating, by means of xylography, the effects of other techniques such as watercolor and charcoal paintings.
	www.asianart.com /forum/kindaika.htm (987 words)

	Chapter Xylo- <i>to</i> Xyster of X by Webster's Dictionary (1913 Edition)
		An engraving on wood, or the impression from such an engraving; a print by xylography.
		Of or pertaining to xylography, or wood engraving.
		The art of making prints from the natural grain of wood.
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/257/1215/24568/1.html (225 words)

	Carving - PARZO of Bhutan - Craft Revival Trust (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The text of religious books is either written by a calligrapher or printed by xylography.
		Xylography entails carving the text in reverse on a wooden board, coating the plank with ink and then pressing a sheet of paper on to it with a roller; the printed text appears on the page the right way around.
		Like the blocks used in xylography, traditionally the carver used to make the blocks to print the prayer flags.
	www.craftrevival.org /SouthAsia/Bhutan/Crafts/Carving1.htm (1048 words)

	[No title]
		Xylography technique was rather simple: the text was cut out on the wood board in reflection.
		The obtained relief was then painted and covered with paper, which was pressed to the surface and smoothed with a special pillow (matzo).
		Xylography is not far away from invention of type-setting book printing, ideas for which were up in the air for several centuries.
	www.custom-papers.org /sample/history.doc (2991 words)

	Kuenselonline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The art of xylography or wood block printing which has been an important craft in Bhutan for printing religious texts for centuries is giving way to the modern.
		The dratshang lhentshog (council of ecclesiastical affairs) of the central monastic body has started a modern offset printing press in the capital to specifically print sacred and rare religious texts (sungten pecha) for distribution to religious institutions in the country.
		It is believed that xylography has come to Bhutan from Tibet in the 15th century.
	www.kuenselonline.com /article.php?sid=3975 (637 words)

	[No title]
		Xylography technique was rather simple: the text was cut out on the wood board in reflection.
		The obtained relief was then painted and covered with paper, which was pressed to the surface and smoothed with a special pillow (matzo).
		Xylography is not far away from invention of type-setting book printing, ideas for which were up in the air for several centuries.
	www.customessay.org /sample/history.doc (2991 words)

	Woodcut - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Japan woodblock printing is called "moku hanga", and was used for the popular "floating world" genre of ukiyo-e.
		The art of carving the woodcut is called "xylography".
		Museum of Modern Art information on printing techniques and examples of prints.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Woodcut (318 words)

	Printing press - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		While there are several local claims for the invention of the printing press in other parts of Europe, including Laurens Janszoon Coster in the Netherlands and Panfilo Castaldi in Italy, Gutenberg is credited by most scholars with its invention.
		The original method of printing was block printing, pressing sheets of paper into individually carved wooden blocks (xylography).
		Block printing is believed to have originated in Asia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Printing_press (2200 words)

	Jain World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Xylography is the art of making engravings in thw wood
		Xylography is an art of carving in wood.
		The Jinas remind us to move beyond this cycle of birth and death and thus be free from miseries.
	www.jainworld.com /children/xwrite.asp (93 words)

	My Artist Techniques (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Different types of paper, the effects of the materials used, one or several colours, different use of colours and varying the inking prosess.
		It is four main technique classifications: Relief (Woodcut, Lino-cut, Wood engraving or Xylography), Intaglio (Engraving, Line-etching, Aquatint, Dryp-point), Planography (Lithography), Stencil (Screen-printing or Serigraphy).
		The xylography and the woodcut is synonymous terms.
	www.arkivnett.no /alias/HJEMMESIDE/Halvard.Hatlen/english/e-techniques.htm (1916 words)

	People's Daily Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Although computerized typesetting is popular, xylography, a 1,300-year-old printing technique done entirely by hand, is still alive in China.
		The art of xylography consists of sample writing, carving, printing and binding, all done by hand, Xu said.
		Ink used for xylography is a mixture of pine ash, flour, liquor, vinegar and several other components which must be fermented for at least three years.
	english1.people.com.cn /english/199911/04/eng19991104Y106.html (244 words)

	alphabet-x (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Xylography is the art of making engravings in thw wood
		Xylography is an art of carving in wood.
		The Jinas remind us to move beyond this cycle of birth and death and thus be free from miseries.
	www.jainworld.org /general/prem/alphax.htm (93 words)

	Yaroslav Pasichanskiy, Master of Xylography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Yaroslav Pasichanskiy was born in one of the most picturesque places of Huzul verge in the Carpathian mountains.
		Huzul style of xylography became wellknown in Europe and North America in 19th century.
		The work is performed in a manner of miniature xylography which is characteristic of the best masters of this ganre.
	www.cv.ukrtel.net /xyloart/indexe.html (238 words)

	[No title]
		An engraving on wood, or the impression from such an engraving; a print by xylography.
		A long and open portico, for athletic exercises, as wrestling, running, etc., for use in winter or in stormy weather.
		Of or pertaining to xylography, or wood engraving.
	rabbit.eng.miami.edu /class/dict/X.txt (1820 words)

	Yaroslav Pasichanskiy, Master of Xylography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		As for traditions of this artstyle you will not find a man who would save them more than Yaroslav Pasichanskiy did, because he understand thatonly traditions accomponied by a talent and creative search, can immortalize his works.
		These masters made foundations in their time of Huzul style of wood-carving and xylography and developed innovating manners.
		Today there is no a man, not only in Bucovina but in Ukraine, who could show such a fruity results in xylography as Pasichanskiy did.
	www.cv.ukrtel.net /xyloart/Studio.html (365 words)

	The State Hermitage Museum: Exhibitions
		Nianhua in the course of its history evolved from cheap printed icons, which were fabricated by Taoist and Buddhist monasteries in the 5th and 6th centuries, into a popular art taking its final form in the first half of the 19th century.
		The simple technology of its fabrication was manually painted xylography or color printing.
		For example, in the beginning of the 20th century, a lot of prayer icons including images of deities and texts of prayers, printed by the method of xylography, were found in the Mogao Caves, a monastery near the town of Dun Huan.
	www.hermitagemuseum.com /html_En/04/2003/hm4_1_62.html (454 words)

	Amazon.com: XYLOGRAPHY: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		nothing intrinsically improbable in the claim of the manuscripts and xylography contained in the British Collection to be of very great...
		Printing Comes to Europe Xylography is the technical term for the relief print- ing from...
		To mention the arts of xylography, city planning, costume design, and versification is only to hint...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=XYLOGRAPHY&tag=icongroupinterna&index=books&link_code=qs&page=1 (809 words)

	The State Hermitage Museum: Exhibitions
		Nianhua in the course of its history evolved from cheap printed icons, which were fabricated by Taoist and Buddhist monasteries in the 5th and 6th centuries, into a popular art taking its final form in the first half of the 19th century.
		The simple technology of its fabrication was manually painted xylography or color printing.
		For example, in the beginning of the 20th century, a lot of prayer icons including images of deities and texts of prayers, printed by the method of xylography, were found in the Mogao Caves, a monastery near the town of Dun Huan.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/04/2003/hm4_1_62.html (454 words)

	The State Hermitage Museum: Exhibitions
		There is in reality no colonnade with the quaintly entangled columns, which decorates the fantastic pavilion in another famed lithograph Belvedere (1958), showing a medieval mathematician deep in his thoughts.
		One of the most remarkable exhibits is the four meter long woodcut Metamorphosis II, the world’s largest xylography.
		Escher’s works have gained an enormous popularity: they are used as teaching aids by scientists and psychologists, illustrate sophisticated modern novels, and decorate covers of popular rock groups; without them modern age is unthinkable.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/04/b2003/hm4_1_49.html (532 words)

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