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Topic: YYA Treaty

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	Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Finno–Soviet Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance, also known as the YYA Treaty from the Finnish Ystävyys-, yhteistyö- ja avunantosopimus (YYA-sopimus) (Swedish: Vänskaps-, samarbets- och biståndsavtalet (VSB-avtalet)), was in effect from 1948 to 1992.
		Due to the uncertain status of the Finno–Soviet relations in the years after the Continuation War, and the precise interpretation of the treaty's wordings, Finland followed the Warsaw Pact countries' decision and did not participate in the Marshall Plan.
		The YYA Treaty was a cornerstone in Paasikivi–Mannerheim's foreign policy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/YYA_Treaty (429 words)

	Finland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Treaties signed in 1947 and 1948 with the Soviet Union included obligations and restraints on Finland vis-à-vis the Soviet Union as well as further territorial concessions by Finland (compared to the Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940).
		The so-called "YYA Treaty" (Finno-Soviet Pact of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance) gave Soviet Union some right of determination in Finnish domestic politics.
		According to international treaties and Finnish laws, the regional government for Åland handles some matters which belong to the province authority in Mainland Finland.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/f/fi/finland_1.html (2226 words)

	[No title]
		he added that since its inception the treaty was meant to contribute to the process of disarmament and cessation of nuclear arms race.
		''nonetheless, the long term vitality of npt and its success depend greatly upon how well the parties to the treaty work together in the years ahead in order to fulfil their commitments undertaken during the 1995 conference as well as the full compliance with the provisions of the npt,'' he pointed out.
		he continued that all efforts should be made to implement the treaty in all its aspects to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons.
	www.salamiran.org /Media/IRNA/970409.html (2336 words)

	Encyclopedia: Finland and Globalization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest, formerly Brest-Litovsk, between Russia and the Central Powers, marking Russias exit from World War I. The treaty was practically obsolete before the end of the year but is significant as a chief...
		The YYA Treaty created a buffer zone for the Soviets that they were comfortable with.
		The Northern Dimension is essentially how the European Community deals with the Baltic region, specifically Russia, "it addresses the specific challenges of those regions and aims to increase cooperation between the EU member states, the EU applicant countries, and Russia." Now, through Finland, the EU shares a long border with Russia, which necessitates increased cooperation.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Finland-and-Globalization (4237 words)

	Finland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Finnish–Russian border was agreed at the Treaty of Tartu in 1920, largely following the historic border but adding Petsamo and its Barents Sea harbour to Finland.
		Treaties signed in 1947 and 1948 with the Soviet Union included obligations, restraints and reparations on Finland vis-à-vis the Soviet Union as well as further territorial concessions by Finland (compared to the Moscow Peace Treaty of 1940).
		The "YYA Treaty" (Finno-Soviet Pact of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance) gave the Soviet Union some leverage in Finnish domestic politics and included a guarantee whereby Finland promised to defend her territory and airspace against Germany or her allies, in practice NATO.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Finland (3512 words)

	Agreement of Friendship Cooperation and Mutual Assistance - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Finno–SovietAgreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance, also known as the YYA Treaty from the Finnish Ystävyys-, yhteistyö- ja avunantosopimus(YYA-sopimus) (Swedish: Vänskaps-, samarbets- ochbiståndsavtalet (VSB-avtalet)), was in effect from 1948 to 1992.
		The agreement also recognizedFinland's desire to remain outside great-power conflicts, allowing thecountry to adopt a policy of neutrality in the Cold War.
		The ColdWar and the Treaty of 1948 fromLibrary of Congress (the Country Studies)
	www.world-knowledge-encyclopedia.com /?t=YYA (353 words)

	Finland
		Territorial concessions were severe (12% of Finland's total area): Finland agreed to cede the Petsamo area, its only outlet on the Arctic Ocean, and to lease for 50 years the Porkkala headland in the Gulf of Finland, with a considerable stretch of sea and land for use as a military base.
		The YYA Treaty was extended in 1955, 1970, and 1983, and a 15-year trade agreement was signed with the USSR in 1977.
		Although the YYA Treaty required it to repel any attack on the USSR through Finnish territory by Germany or its allies, Finland maintained a policy of strict neutrality, which was accepted by all the major powers.
	www.x-stream.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0019975.html (2365 words)

	Finland - the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Treaties signed in 1947 and 1948 with the SovietUnion included obligations and restraints on Finland vis-à-vis the Soviet Union as well as further territorial concessions byFinland (compared to the Moscow Peace Treaty of1940).
		The "YYA Treaty" (Finno-Soviet Pact of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance) gavethe Soviet Union some leverage in Finnish domestic politics.
		According to international treaties and Finnish laws, the regional government for Åland handles somematters which belong to the province authority in MainlandFinland.
	www.aaez.biz /?t=Finland (2707 words)

	MANNERHEIM - PRESIDENT - Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance
		He did not want to recognize the independence of Finland or make peace with Finland until the general peace treaties were signed.
		After the ratification of the Paris Peace Treaty, the Soviet requirements for a union pact started to grow louder and more intense.
		As the peace treaty had set limitations on the military buildup of Finland and consequently put a check on her fighting capacity in advance, the country should not enter into a defence alliance that might lead her into war.
	www.mannerheim.fi /11_pres/e_yya.htm (522 words)

	Finland and Globalization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As states are the dominant actors in the realist view, Finland went through a great deal to achieve statehood.
		Once Finland's domestic situation had improved, and their relations with Russia had stabilized, Finland began to increase their political latitude by pursuing a policy of "active neutrality." The Finnish government began to take on a bridge-building role in the global community.
		The Finns have used their positions in the EU and the OSCE to advance these ideas and have been met with positive responses from Russia.
	finland-and-globalization.ask.dyndns.dk (2516 words)

	AlternateHistory.com Discussion Board - No Winter War
		January 17th, 2005 02:07 AM Of course, the problem with preventing the Winter War is that the Soviets were trying to regain the lost territory of the Russian Empire, which included Finland, and that (IIRC), Finland's pre-war borders basically were right next to St. Petersburg/Leningrad.
		Of course, some sort of earlier YYA Treaty, though I'm not sure if the Finns would go for something like that without a war..
		Of course, the problem with preventing the Winter War is that the Soviets were trying to regain the lost territory of the Russian Empire, which included Finland, and that (IIRC), Finland's pre-war borders basically were right next to St. Petersburg/Leningrad.
	www.alternatehistory.com /discussion/printthread.php?t=9704 (496 words)

	[No title]
		Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed between Russia and the Central Powers, that Finland was granted true and legal independence.
		Agreement of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance (or YYA Treaty) with the Soviet Union.
		Whether or not Finland should join the North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a hotly debated topic.
	en-cyclopedia.com /wiki/Finland_and_Globalization (2757 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This was followed by the Lapland War of 1944 - 1945, when Finland forced the Germans out of northernFinland.
		The " YYA Treaty " (Finno-Soviet Pact of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance) gaveSoviet Union some rights of determination in Finnish domestic politics.
		Many politicians used their relations with the USSR tosolve party controversies, which meant that the Soviet Union got more power; other people worked single-mindedly to oppose thecommunists.
	immune-system-help.com /finnish/countries/finland.html (2231 words)

	Identiteettiprojekti
		The YYA Treaty, extended in 1955, 1970 and 1983, required Finland to repel any attack on the USSR through Finnish territory but otherwise the country maintained a policy of strict neutrality.
		In 1944, it agreed to a separate armistice and was forced to cede 12% of its total area and make huge war reparations.
		It signed the Finno-Soviet Pact of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance (the YYA Treaty) in 1948.
	www.cfg.wtal.de /04/proj/finnland/ergebnis_finn.php3 (4250 words)

	Finland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		1940 Treaty of Moscow: Finland ceded territory to USSR.
		1947 Finno-Soviet peace treaty: Finland forced to cede 12% of its total area and to pay $300 million in reparations.
		1948 Finno-Soviet Pact of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance (YYA treaty): Finland pledged to repel any attack on USSR through its territories.
	www.strayduck.com /reference/encyclopaedia/countryfacts/finland.html (699 words)

	Encyclopedia: YYA Treaty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Updated 270 days 12 hours 40 minutes ago.
		The Cold War and the Treaty of 1948 (http://countrystudies.us/finland/24.htm) from Library of Congress (the Country Studies)
		Click for other authoritative sources for this topic (summarised at Factbites.com).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/YYA-Treaty (404 words)

	All words on Karl-August Fagerholm
		As leader of the Social Democrats, he was prime minister from 1948 to 1950, despite fierce Communist opposition and accusations by the Soviet Union that he intended to undermine the Finnish-Soviet YYA Treaty by taking Finland into NATO.
		Even Finland's growing integration into the world economy, as demonstrated by its joining the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1949, was viewed with similar suspicion.
		It did, however, serve Soviet interests in as much as it contributed to Finland's ability to meet the harsh war reparations requirements of the 1947 Paris Peace Treaty.
	www.allwords.org /ka/karl-august-fagerholm.html (1585 words)

	Mari People-Victims of Political Revenge: The New Mari-El thread [Archive] - Stormfront White Nationalist Community
		In the elections, he was re-elected already in the first round, and members of the Mari opposition say that the election was blatantly fraudulent.
		In 1992 a bilateral treaty between Finland and Russia was signed that guaranteeing support for "...
		The treaty signed in 1992 compensated the YYA- treaty ("Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Assistance") signed in 1948 and which lost its competence when Soviet Union collapsed.
	www.stormfront.org /archive/t-193060Mari_People-Victims_of_Political_Revenge:_The_New_Mari-El_thread.html (2046 words)

	BATTLE FOR THE MICROCHIP
		It will not be important what piece of land you own, but which elements of commerce you control.
		During the earlier years, Lange remembers having as a Christian experienced political persecution, when he was accused of opposing the friendship (YYA) treaty between Finland and the former atheistic Soviet Union.
		While praying and seeking God's help to these situations, he was reminded by the Bible that God powerfully helps those who are at His service whole-heartedly.
	www.fkf.net /BattleOfMicrochip.htm (1770 words)

	SpaceBattles.com - What general region of Earth are you on? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Due to our proximity to Leningrad we were requested to do alliance treaty with Soviets.
		Nice and short but actually we were forced to sign the treaty and I remember that it enabled that in a time of crisis the Soviets could transfer troops to our country.
		However, troops could be transferred to Finnish territory only after negotiation and to begin negotation both sides must agree that there was a threat.
	kier.3dfrontier.com /forums/archive/index.php/t-24866.html (1253 words)

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