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Topic: Yaaku language

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	yourDictionary.com • Endangered Language Initiative• Nearly Extinct Languages
		This is a list of more than 750 languages found designated by Ethnologue as already extinct or nearly extinct today.
		Of course, there are many more languages besides these in danger of extinction by the end of the century, many as yet undiscovered by Europeans.
		This list will give you an idea of where the majority of threatened languages are spoken, if not their exact number.
	www.yourdictionary.com /elr/nextinct.html (94 words)

	Probert Encyclopaedia: Language (Y-Yam) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Yabarana is a Carib language spoken in Venezuela.
		Yace is an Idomoid language spoken in Nigeria.
		Yamba is a Bantoid language spoken in Cameroon and Nigeria.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /WY.HTM (453 words)

	Our Languages Are Dying - Global Policy Forum - Globalization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It has been observed that “a lost language is a lost culture, a lost culture is invaluable knowledge lost.” We here in Kenya know that “it is lamentable that most Kenyan children from elite backgrounds do not [because they cannot] speak their mother tongues.
		Kenya is a coalition, in a sense, a multi-ethnic country with a plurality of languages and cultures.
		Languages are truly instruments of our perception of reality, as they influence the way we perceive things in our environment, the way we think, the way we act and speak as well as the way we behave in any given social context.
	www.globalpolicy.org /globaliz/cultural/2003/0224language.htm (899 words)

	ASSOCIAZIONE CULTURALE NTERNET PADANO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Language death on a large scale is rather historically associated in Europe (and, I suspect, elsewhere) with the rise of big and powerful states and their transformation, starting from the 18th century, into nation-states.
		In this situation, the limited knowledge of the national language took rather the form of a diglottic competence, whereby different domains were given to the standard and the local dialect, with many intermediate speech-forms (regional koines, etc.) occupying different niches in the competence of the speakers.
		“Abstand Languages” and “Ausbau Languages.” Anthropological Linguistics 9 (7), 29-41.
	www.padaniacity.com /articoli.asp?ID=288 (6024 words)

	Cushitic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cushitic languages are a subgroup of the Afro-Asiatic languages phylum, named after the Biblical figure Cush by analogy with Semitic.
		The most prominent language is Oromo with about 35 million speakers, followed by Somali (in Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Kenya) with about 20 million speakers, Sidamo (in Ethiopia) with about 2 million speakers, and Afar (in Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Djibouti) with about 1.5 million.
		Cushitic was traditionally seen as also including the Omotic languages, then called West Cushitic, but this view has been largely abandoned; the Omotic languages are considered an isolated branch of Afro-Asiatic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cushitic_languages (282 words)

	The last speakers
		The Yaaku were curious to hear the opinion of linguists on the question whether there is sufficient knowledge available in the community to revive the language.
		Both the Yaaku emancipation movement and the attention the Kenyan government has for ‘original’ peoples are a consequence of ten years of international attention for indigenous peoples, generated by the UN Decade of Indigenous Peoples, which ended last year (immediately followed by a second Decade).
		If they are determined to revive their language, they could keep the Maasai grammar which they learned as a child, and replace as many words as possible with original Yaaku words.
	www.nciv.net /engels/Yaaku.htm (2126 words)

	maling
		Lexical retention in language shift: Yaaku/Mukogodo-Maasai and Elmolo/Elmolo-Samburu.
		Maa: A Dictionary of the Maasai Language and Folklore, English-Maasai.
		Winter, J. Language shift among the Aasáx, a hunter-gratherer tribe in Tanzania.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~dlpayne/maasai/maling.htm (373 words)

	Kikuyu Translation Service - English to Kikuyu Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Language is a living thing it develops and changes constantly.
		To ensure our translators keep abreast of the language our Kikuyu translators live in-county and translate into their mother tongue.
		Professional translators whose native language is English and speak fluent Kikuyu perform our Kikuyu to English translation.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/kikuyu_translation.shtml (486 words)

	The EastAfrican on the Web
		In spite of higher literacy rates (mainly in the English language), Kenya leads in the language mortality rate in East Africa, with the highest number of indigenous languages on the verge of extinction.
		According to Unesco, a language without monolingual speakers, that is people who only speak that language, is classified as headed for extinction.
		Such a language is spoken by a minority, resulting in it being being held in low esteem.
	www.nationaudio.com /News/EastAfrican/24092002/Features/Magazine4.html (497 words)

	the language feed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Arabic language class enrollment at Tufts has increased dramatically in the past few semesters, mirroring a nationwide trend that many cite as a direct result of 9/11.
		Trying to clear the instructional hurdles presented by hundreds of students whose first language is not English, Jefferson Parish public schools are celebrating a $600,000 federal grant designed to improve schools' abilities to work with these students and their families.
		Paul Martin's budget cutbacks in the 1990s damaged language rights, and Official Languages Commissioner Dyane Adam is calling on the government to spare the language programs from the latest round of budget cuts.
	mason.gmu.edu /~smorris2/feed/102204.html (535 words)

	List of spoken and sign languages beginning w... - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		List of spoken and sign languages beginning w...
		Search for List of spoken and sign languages beginning w...
		Look for List of spoken and sign languages beginning w...
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_spoken_and_sign_languages_beginning_w... (145 words)

	Bibliography on Language Endangerment
		On endangered languages and the importance of linguistic diversity.
		Endangered languages: the crumbling of the ecosystem of language and culture -- an introduction to the Kyoto conference --.
		Creolization in reverse: reduction and simplification in the Albanian dialects of Greece.
	tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp /BibLE (11756 words)

	Articles - Yaaku (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Yaaku (often Mukogodo-Maasai) are a people living in the Mukogodo forest west of Mount Kenya, a division of the Laikipia District of Rift Valley Province, Kenya.
		Former hunter-gatherers and bee-keepers, the Yaaku have assimilated to the pastoralist culture of the Maasai in the first half of the twentieth century, although there is still some occasional bee-keeping going on.
		Full language revival is improbable because of the scarcity of fluent speakers, but one of the possibilities for a partial revival is to use Yaaku vocabulary in the framework of Maasai grammar, a strategy that is analoguous to the making of Mbugu, a mixed language of the Usambara mountains in Tanzania.
	www.cat-center.com /articles/Mukogodo-Maasai (369 words)

	List of languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ethnologue lists about 6,800 main languages in its language name index (see the external link) and distinguishes about 41,000 alternate language names and dialects.
		This list deals with particular languages, and includes only natural languages spoken or signed by humans.
		See List of languages by name: Z for about 50 more.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Languages (881 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:MUU
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005).
		Yaaku may be Konsoid, Dullay rather than Oromo.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=MUU (104 words)

	Central Institute of Indian Languages
		While the Yaaku have lost their language almost completely to the Maasai Language- a pastoralist community, the Ogiek are slowly loosing theirs to the Kipsigis Language- an agricultural community.
		Indigenous communities must be given the right to determine the destinies of their languages including the right to have such languages in the educational system.
		Vernacular languages are never taught in schools in the country and are prohibited from being spoken in schools.
	www.ciil.org /Main/Announcement/Abstracts/Abstacts/17.htm (881 words)

	Profile of the Mukogodo People of Kenya
		The Mediak language is related to Nandi, probably from the original form of the early Kalenjin settlers.
		They are reported to consist of 8 speakers of the old El Molo (Ol Molo) language, with a few dozen more speaking Samburu or Turkana.
		Language: The Mukogodo have been completely absorbed into the Maasai culture and language.
	strategyleader.org /profiles/mukogodo.html (702 words)

	Web resources for Cushitic languages
		Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
		Linguistic analyses: the non-Bantu languages of north-eastern Africa.
		Sociolinguistic survey report of the languages of the Gawwada, Tsamaya and Diraasha areas, with excursions to Birayle (Ongota) and Arbore (Irbore) - Part II (PDF).
	goto.glocalnet.net /maho/webresources/cushitic.html (779 words)

	The Rosetta Project: the 1000 language archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Yaaku texts are available in the categories below.
		A brief language description provided courtesy of the Summer Institute of Linguistics.
		Send a message to a language specialist or native speaker who might be able to review or contribute materials.
	rosettaproject.org /live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=MUU (99 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Craig, Colette G. "Language Shift and Language Death: The Case of Rama in Nicaragua." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 93: 11-26.
		Endangered Languages and Education: Proceedings of the Third FEL Conference, St. Patrick's College, Maynooth, National University of Ireland, 17-19 September 1999.
		Jones, Mari C. "Language Shift in Brittany: The Importance of Local Surveys for the Study of Linguistic Obsolescence." Journal of Celtic Linguistics 5: 51-69.
	www.ubs-translations.org /scholarly/bibdocs/langdeathbib.doc (5566 words)

	Yaaku — (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The Open Language Archives Community (OLAC) is an international partnership of institutions and individuals who are creating a worldwide virtual library of language resources.
		The LINGUIST List is dedicated to providing information on language and language analysis, and to providing the discipline of linguistics with the infrastructure necessary to function in the digital world.
		Its purpose is to create and distribute a free international encyclopedia in as many languages as possible.
	www.rosettaproject.org /archive/Yaaku (187 words)

	speaking4earth : Yaaku
		Her age can be deduced from the name of her age group, Terito, going back to a Maasai system to name every generation which is circumcised within a time span of seven years.
		According to Mous, a culture is decreasing when a language is being lost.
		At the beginning of 2005 Mous was in Kenya to attempt to record as much as possible from the Yaaku language.
	www.speaking4earth.org /html/?people=14 (2345 words)

	List of languages by name: Y - Enpsychlopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This list of spoken and sign languages beginning with the letter Y is based on data by Ethnologue, a publication of SIL International.
		Some languages have been bolded, to note their more wide-spread usage.
		Yi language, including the central, guizhou, sichuan, southeastern, western, and yunnan dialects.
	www.grohol.com /psypsych/List_of_languages_by_name:_Y (152 words)

	Ethnologue report of nearly extinct languages
		516 of the languages listed in the Ethnologue are classified as nearly extinct.
		They are classified in this way when "only a few elderly speakers are still living." The entries below give just the known population information.
		This web edition of the Ethnologue contains all the content of the print edition and may be cited as:
	www.ethnologue.com /nearly_extinct.asp (585 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report of nearly extinct languages
		417 of the languages listed in the Ethnologue are classified as nearly extinct.
		Click on "More information" to see the full entry for the language.
		39 first language speakers, 26 second language speakers, 15 others ages 30 to 50, who have learned Menominee in order to teach it, and 50 ages 20 and above who have learned it to understand it (1997 Menominee Historic Preservation Office), out of 3,500 population (1977 SIL).
	www.ethnologue.com /14/nearly_extinct.asp (2003 words)

	999 Languages
		Ethnologue lists about 6,800 main languages in its language name index (see the external link) and distinguishes about 41,000 alternate language names and dialects.
		This list deals with particular languages, and includes only natural languages spoken or signed by humans.
		See List of languages by name: Z for about 50 more.
	www.999languages.com /about (174 words)

	Foundation For Endangered Languages. Proceedings 2003
		Section 2 Outward Migration and Endangered Languages Tomasz Wicherkiewicz Diaspora Languages at the Edge of Extinction: Karaim, Tatar and Armenian in Central-Eastern Europe at the End of the 20th Century
		Herman M. Batibo Hua: a Critically Endangered Khoesan Language in the Kweneng District of Botswana
		Soldier David Naude, Willemien le Roux Endangered Languages, Migration and Marginalisation of the Anikhwe
	www.ogmios.org /proceed2005.htm (413 words)

	Sources for the Numbers List
		This page gives the sources for each language on the Numbers from 1 to 10 page.
		Sometimes half the work in dealing with a new language is finding out what it is, and relating it to the sometimes wildly varying classifications from Ruhlen, Voegelin, and the Ethnologue.
		There are notes relating to this, as well as information on dialects, and names of languages I don't have yet.
	www.zompist.com /sources.htm (2727 words)

	Bibliography on Language Endangerment
		This bibliography does not contain descriptions or grammars of individual languages, apart from a small number of exceptions.
		Chuoajia shogengo no genjo to kadai (‘Current state of languages of Central Asia and their future prospects’).
		Language planning for intercultural communication and language maintenance.
	www.tooyoo.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp /BibLE (11756 words)

	Joshua Project - Peoples by Country Profiles
		Level 1 - At least one agency committed.
		Help create a NT recording for this language
		Register your ministry activity among this people group.
	www.joshuaproject.net /peopctry.php?rop3=110903&rog3=KE (251 words)

	Manikay.Com - Didjeridu & Traditional Music of the Top End
		Way, ngarra dhuwala balanda dirramu ga yaaku Peter ga ngarra ga yolnguwa romgu ga mathawa ga manikaygu marnggithirri.
		(Hi, my name is Peter and I'm a balanda man learning about yolngu law, language and song.
		These pages are for balanda to learn about some facets of yolngu life, law and song, so that balanda will better understand yolngu and we can work and live together.)
	www.manikay.com /didjeridu (234 words)

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