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Topic: Yakuts

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	The Yakuts
		Yakuts in the north are traditionally semi-nomadic hunters, fishermen and reindeer breeders, while southern Yakuts also engage in animal husbandry, raising horses and cattle.
		The Yakuts are most likely descended from a mixture of peoples from the area of Lake Baykal, Turkish tribes from the steppe and Altay mountains, and indigenous peoples of Siberia, particularly the Evens and Evenks.
		The fighting, together with a variety of European diseased brought by the Russians, led to a decrease in the Yakut population.
	russia.rin.ru /guides_e/4702.html (644 words)

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		In 1935--59 the self-designation of the Yakuts, saha, was used as an official Russian name for the Dolgans inhabiting the Taimyr National Territory.
		Etnologically the Dolgan society is formed of the Yakut and Tungus clans Dolgan, Dongot, Edjan or Edzhen, and Karanto or Karóntuo.
		The Yakut script is alien to the Dolgans, and therefore unsuitable for use in their schools.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/dolgans.shtml (1294 words)

	Yakuts . Enpsychlopedia
		The Yakut or Sakha language belongs to the Northern branch of the Turkic family of languages.
		Yakuts in the north are historically semi-nomadic hunters, fishermen, ysk and reindeer breeders, while southern Yakuts also engage in animal husbandry focusing on horses and cattle.Template:Cite web
		The northern Yakuts were largely hunters, fishermen and reindeer herders, while the southern Yakut raised cattle and horses.
	enpsychlopedia.org /psypsych/Yakuts (566 words)

	Yakuts (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Yakut or Sakha language belongs to the Northern branch of the Turkic family of languages.
		The northern Yakuts were largely hunters, fishermen and Reindeer herders, while the southern Yakut raised cattle and horses.
		An independent Yakut Republic was declared by the Supreme Soviet of Yakutia on 15 August, 1991 but, as the Russians greatly outnumbered the Yakuts in the region, this never became a reality.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/ya/Yakuts.htm (341 words)

	Yakuts - Definition, explanation
		The Yakut or Sakha language belongs to the Northern Turkic branch of the Altaic-Turkic family of languages.
		The northern Yakuts were largely hunters, fishermen and reindeer herders, while the southern Yakut raised cattle and horses.
		An independent Yakut Republic was declared by the Supreme Soviet of Yakutia on 15 August, 1991 but, as the Russians greatly outnumbered the Yakuts in the region, this never became a reality.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/y/ya/yakuts.php (337 words)

	Yakuts - (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Given the large number of speakers, the Yakut language is considered to be somewhat less endangered than most other regional languages of the Russian Federation.
		Yakuts in the north are historically semi-nomadic hunters, fishermen, yak and reindeer breeders, while southern Yakuts also engage in animal husbandry focusing on horses and cattle.
		Most scholars believe the Yakuts originally migrated from Olkhon and the region of Lake Baikal to the basins of the Middle Lena, the Aldan and Vilyuy rivers, where they mixed with other northern indigenous peoples of Russia such as the Evens and Evenks.
	en.wikipedia.b4d.pl /wiki/Yakuts (1098 words)

	RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: Y :: Yakutia
		The Yakuts originate from the area of Lake Baikal, and their ethnogenesis includes Turkish tribes from the steppe and Altay mountains, as well as indigenous peoples of Siberia, particularly the Evens and Evenks.
		Orthodox missionaries were also active in Yakutia, and by the early 1800s, virtually all of the Yakuts were registered as Orthodox Christians, but substantial elements of their folk religion survived.
		Yakut nationalism met with tolerance until 1928, when Stalin launched his ruthless collectivisation campaign.
	www.rusnet.nl /encyclo/y/yakutia.shtml (748 words)

	Southern Mongolian Human Rights Information Center
		Despite the small number of Yakuts living in the forest, their 800 reindeer have severely depleted the wild mosses and mushrooms that grow on the forest floor, Liu told Deutsche Presse-Agentur DPA by telephone.
		The Yakuts moved to Aoxiang in 1965, when tension between China and the former Soviet Union forced their evacuation from an area near the Argun river on the Sino-Russian border.
		Liuba was the first Yakut from Aoxiang to attend college, enrolling at the fine arts academy in the regional capital, Hohhot, in 1981.
	www.smhric.org /news_29.htm (1072 words)

	Janzteam Easteurope and Russia
		To be treated to Yakut hospitality would more than likely involve eating such delights as roast ribs of young horse, braised reindeer and arctic hare, beef tongue, potatoes, rice and even cranberries, kept fresh by using the permanently frozen soil as a freezer.
		Today, the Yakuts have combined their own knowledge of their ice-age domain with modern technology to develop a strain of wheat that is resistant to the cold.
		The religion of the Yakuts is a mixture of Orthodoxy with shamanism and animism.
	www.janzteam.com /OSTEUROPE/en/sib4.htm (428 words)

	Segmentary Hierarchy of Identity:The Case of Yakuts and Evens in Northern Yakutia
		It is said that the main inhabitants of this region consist of the Yakuts and the Evens, and both scholars and inhabitants themselves often underline the importance of the protection of rights of the minor Evens and cohabitation of both ethnic groups.
		The culture of the Yakuts from northern regions is originally different from that of the Yakuts from central Yakutia, and resembles the culture of reindeer herdsmen of Tungus origin.
		It is not unnatural that the Yakuts of the Eveno-Bytantaiskii ulus share some common cultural traits and identity consciousness with people of Tungus origin of the same region, and that they distinguish themselves from the linguistic relatives in central Yakutia under recent socio-cultural conditions.
	src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp /sympo/97summer/sasaki.html (5417 words)

	[No title]
		In the seventeenth century, Yakutia was contacted and annexed by Russia, and during the eighteenth century, the area served as a transit camp and highway for freight to newly-annexed Siberian lands.
		The feature that most clearly distinguished the Yakut from their neighbors was the fact that their dominant economic activity was the herding of horses and cattle.
		The shaman among the Yakut was considered to be an attendant to the spirits.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7883 (852 words)

	<MUTTI-L> Info from SMW ---- China coaxes last hunters out of primaeval (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Yakuts, part of the Ewenki ethnic group, are the last ethnic group that China still recognises as hunters.
		Despite the small number of Yakuts living in the forest, their 800 reindeer have severely depleted the wild mosses and mushrooms that grow on the forest floor, Liu told Deutsche Presse-Agentur DPA by telephone.
		The Yakuts moved to Aoxiang in 1965, when tension between China and the former Soviet Union forced their evacuation from an area near the Argun river on the Sino-Russian border.
	www.mail-archive.com /mutti-l@taklamakan.org/msg01540.html (996 words)

	Cultural Survival
		The YASSR comprise one-seventh of the land of the Soviet Union and a fifth of the Russian Republic.
		Yakut tribes were headed by chiefs called "Toyons," a word used in 1990 to describe Communist Party officials.
		The Russians called the Yakuts "the horse people," connoting both their means of support and their craft of preparing ornate, embroidered saddles, a craft now pictured only in books and displayed in museums.
	www.cs.org /publications/CSQ/csq-article.cfm?id=548 (2740 words)

	East Asian Studies 210 Notes: The Yakut/Dolgan
		Yakut legends tell of the tribe's expulsion from the Transbaikal area nearly a thousand years ago by the Buryats and other Mongol conquerors.
		Since the birthrate among Yakuts is higher than among Russians, there is also reason to believe that the Yakuts will eventually outnumber the Russians in their homeland--something that is also highly unusual in modern Siberia (so far only the Tuvans outnumber the Russians locally).
		The present language of the Dolgan is closely related to Yakut, and yet, because of significant structural changes induced by the switchover from Ewenki, Dolgan is usually considered a separate language (though some scholars claim it is a dialect of Yakut).
	pandora.cii.wwu.edu /vajda/ea210/yakut.htm (2011 words)

	HUNMAGYAR.ORG - TURAN - YAKUT
		Although in the post-Soviet era Yakuts have not engaged in high levels of ethnic conflict with Russians or with other groups, the Yakut drive for sovereignty at least carries the potential to disrupt both Russia's territorial integrity and its economy.
		Yakuts are now acutely concerned with resisting undue Russian influence on their political, economic, and cultural affairs.
		Yakut sensibilities are particularly inflamed by the fact that, although their region is rich in natural resources, the republic's non-Slav population is notably poor.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/yakut/sakha.html (6115 words)

	[No title]
		In the northern part of the Yakut territory, a large sector of the population is occupied with fishing.
		Yakuts, living mainly in the north, maintain small herds of reindeer used primarily for transportation and carrying heavy loads.
		Yakuts unwillingly enter the ranks of workers and at the least opportunity, although with certain risk of famine, will set themselves up independently.
	academic.bowdoin.edu /courses/s02/rus251/siberiantales.shtml (3009 words)

	Yakut Religion \| Encyclopedia of Religion
		The Yakuts, who numbered 328,000 during the 1979 census, are the northernmost of Turkic peoples.
		The Yakuts are organized in patrilineal and exogamic clans regrouped into tribes.
		Under pressure from the Russians, who subjugated them during the first half of the seventeenth century, the majority of Yakuts were baptized by the end of the eighteenth century.
	www.bookrags.com /research/yakut-religion-eorl-14 (381 words)

	Holy Trees (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Yakuts (people who live in the Sakha republic in the basin of the river Lena, Russia) have a special tree.
		Yakut people think they have a connection with space via this tree.
		The Yakuts are afraid to cut big trees that grow near houses: they think a spirit of the Earth Doidu Ichite by the name lives there.
	home.1asphost.com /runningdeer/webdoc61.htm (333 words)

	Yakutia-16th - 17th century
		Genetic studies in 1986 of the characteristics of the Yakut people found many with European features - not surprizingly by that time, but also that the majority of the Yakut people had factor B17 in their blood which is only found in one other place.
		Yakuts were encouraged to move south where Manchu armies had cleared out the Russian troops and mercenaries.
		Those Yakut Toyons who were collaborating with the Russians, received the status of members of the Russian hereditary aristocracy as princes (or little-princes).
	homepage.ntlworld.com /heather.hobden1/Yakutia16c.htm (5220 words)

	Shamanism
		Most commonly the shaman is a man. Among the Yakuts, the Carib tribes, and in Northern California there are female as well as male shamans; and in some cases, e.g., the Yakuts, male shamans have to assume women's dress.
		With the Yakuts the gift of shamanism is not hereditary, but the protecting spirit of a shaman who dies is reincarnated in some member of the same family.
		Thus the song that salved wounds was known to the Greeks, e.g., the Odyssey, and to the Finns, e.g., the epic poem Kalewala.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/s/shamanism.html (1875 words)

	Genetic Chaos: October 2006 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Yakuts of northeastern Siberia are a Turkic-speaking population of horse- and cattle-breeders surrounded by Tungusic-speaking reindeer-herders and hunter-gatherers.
		Moreover, the Yakuts are unique among Siberian populations in having a high number of haplotypes shared exclusively with Europeans, suggesting, contrary to the historical record, that occasionally Yakut men took Russian women as wives.
		In this paper we use mtDNA and Y-chromosomal analyses to elucidate whether the Yakut immigration and expansion was accompanied by admixture with the indigenous populations of their new area of settlement or whether the Yakuts displaced the original inhabitants without intermarriage.
	vetinarilord.blogspot.com /2006_10_01_vetinarilord_archive.html (2675 words)

	YakutiaToday.Com - Olonkho - Detailed Description of the Yakut heroic epos
		Yakut cult of "fl" shaman (yutugan oyuuna) began to dominate in connection with the collapse of the "rule of steppe horse breeding and appearance of pessimistic mood in religion of Yakuts dragging out a miserable bondage of colonial slavery...".
		In Yakut epos the earth's goddess has sometimes taken the role of shaman woman possessing, instead of tambourine and rattle, a birchen patterned bowl chabychakh and a ritual spoon khamyiakh.
		In Yakut mythology it was the earth's goddess spirit who appeared as the whirlwind.
	www.yakutiatoday.com /region/culture_olonkho_in_depth_03.shtml (1797 words)

	THE DOLGANS
		In 1935--59 the self-designation of the Yakuts, saha, was used as an official Russian name for the Dolgans inhabiting the Taimyr National Territory.
		In addition to all the other factors of their ethnic formation, the Dolgans were administratively separated from all the other Yakut-speaking tribes, belonging to the province of Yenisey, not to the Yakut region.
		The Yakut script is alien to the Dolgans, and therefore unsuitable for use in their schools.
	www.samoyed.org /dolgans.html (1263 words)

	The Horse of Siberia - The World & I Online Magazine
		The horse is as important to the Yakuts as reindeer are to the Saami (Lapps).
		The Yakut horse is an efficient meat producer, and horsemeat is still the most popular meat available in Yakutia.
		For the first two years of their lives, Yakut horses are usually given supplementary food during the winter (as are adult horses that have lost condition).
	www.worldandi.com /public/2000/january/siberia.html (1135 words)

	IngentaConnect Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA Lineages in Yakuts (Site not responding. Last check: )
		To study the mitochondrial gene pool structure in Yakuts, polymorphism of mtDNA hypervariable segment I (16,024–16,390) was analyzed in 191 people sampled from the indigenous population of the Sakha Republic.
		Phylogenetic analysis testified to common genetic substrate of Yakuts, Mongols, and Central Asian (Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uighur) populations.
		Yakuts proved to share 21 (55.5%) mtDNA haplotypes with the Central Asian ethnic groups and Mongols.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/maik/mbil/2003/00000037/00000004/00473216 (267 words)

	Yakuts \| English \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		The Yakut or Sakha language belongs to the Northern branch of the Turkic family of languages.
		The population of Yakutia is about 980,000 of whom approximately 382,000 are Yakuts or about 39% of the population in Yakutia; their share lowered during Soviet rule due to forced immigration, and other relocation policies, but has slightly increased since.
		Given the large number of speakers, the Yakut language is considered to be somewhat less endangered than most other regional languages of the Russian Federation.
	www.babylon.com /definition/Yakuts (180 words)

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