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Topic: Yakut language

	HUNMAGYAR.ORG - TURAN - SAKHA REPUBLIC (YAKUTIA) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Russian is the official language used in the republic.
		The Yakut language belongs to the Turkic language group.
		It is the second language in the republic.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/yakut/yakut.html (837 words)

	Evenki
		This designation was spread by the Russians, who acquired it from the Yakuts[?] and the Siberian Tatars (in the Yakut language tongus) in the 17th century.
		The Evenk language is the largest of the northern group of the Manchu-Tungus languages[?], a group which also includes the Even and Negidal languages.
		The Evenk language varies considerably and is divided into three large dialect groups: the northern, the southern and the eastern dialect.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ev/Evenks.html (434 words)

	RUSNET :: Encyclopedia :: Y :: Yakutia
		The Yakuts originate from the area of Lake Baikal, and their ethnogenesis includes Turkish tribes from the steppe and Altay mountains, as well as indigenous peoples of Siberia, particularly the Evens and Evenks.
		Orthodox missionaries were also active in Yakutia, and by the early 1800s, virtually all of the Yakuts were registered as Orthodox Christians, but substantial elements of their folk religion survived.
		Yakut nationalism met with tolerance until 1928, when Stalin launched his ruthless collectivisation campaign.
	www.rusnet.nl /encyclo/y/yakutia.shtml (798 words)

	Segmentary Hierarchy of Identity:The Case of Yakuts and Evens in Northern Yakutia
		The Even literary language was like a foreign language for the speakers of western dialects, because it was invented on the basis of the Ol'skii dialect, which was one of the eastern dialects and was spoken by the Evens of Okhotsk regions.
		On the contrary, a language which was invented regardless of the diversity of dialects is sometimes a serious obstacle against the restoration or distribution of minority languages, as is the case in this region.
		The culture of the Yakuts from northern regions is originally different from that of the Yakuts from central Yakutia, and resembles the culture of reindeer herdsmen of Tungus origin.
	src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp /sympo/97summer/sasaki.html (5417 words)

	[No title]
		In the seventeenth century, Yakutia was contacted and annexed by Russia, and during the eighteenth century, the area served as a transit camp and highway for freight to newly-annexed Siberian lands.
		The feature that most clearly distinguished the Yakut from their neighbors was the fact that their dominant economic activity was the herding of horses and cattle.
		The shaman among the Yakut was considered to be an attendant to the spirits.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7883 (852 words)

	Endangered Languages of Siberia - The Even Language
		Immoderate ambitions of supporters of the introduction of Yakut language and Yakut graphics to Even are determined by their motivation for legitimating the consequences of Even-Yakut language interference in the sphere of Even written language.
		Presently this standardized written language is a language of educational literature, local mass media (newspapers), translated fiction and redacted samples of traditional folklore; samples of authentic literature are represented, mainly, by detective stories.
		Even language in the written form is used in teaching the native language in pre-school institutions, in elementary school, in some districts – in high school; in all places Even language performs the function of a subjects taught while it is not a language of instruction even in pre-school institutions.
	lingsib.iea.ras.ru /en/languages/even.shtml (2482 words)

	Altaic Language Family
		All languages in the Tungusic group and some languages in the Mongolic and Turkic groups are endangered or facing extinction.
		An agglutinative language is one in which each affix typically represents one unit of meaning, e.g.,'past tense,' 'plural,' or 'masculine.' These affixes do not become fused with each other and do not change their form.
		The vocabulary of individual Altaic languages is influenced by the neighboring languages and by the languages of the dominant powers that colonized them.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/march/AltaicLanguageFamily.html (768 words)

	Yakutia-16th - 17th century
		It is apparent from their language and customs that they had not been in the country for more than two or three centuries before the Russians arrived there, yet they had conquered the whole region.
		From language and art (lions and camels for example) it was clear that they had once lived much further south, and many of the northern characteristics of their culture had been acquired when they had moved up the River Lena.
		Genetic studies in 1986 of the characteristics of the Yakut people found many with European features - not surprizingly by that time, but also that the majority of the Yakut people had factor B17 in their blood which is only found in one other place.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /heather.hobden1/Yakutia16c.htm (5220 words)

	TURAN - YAKUT
		Although in the post-Soviet era Yakuts have not engaged in high levels of ethnic conflict with Russians or with other groups, the Yakut drive for sovereignty at least carries the potential to disrupt both Russia's territorial integrity and its economy.
		While in previous generations Yakuts did not consider themselves to be an indigenous people, some Yakut leaders now favor such a designation as a means of promoting a Yakut renaissance and protecting Yakut identity.
		Yakut sensibilities are particularly inflamed by the fact that, although their region is rich in natural resources, the republic's non-Slav population is notably poor.
	www.hunmagyar.org /turan/yakut/sakha.html (6115 words)

	Minorities At Risk (MAR) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The leadership of the Yakut Republic have repeatedly stated that the republic does not seek secession and that the Russian Federation must remain intact.
		Unlike the more numerous Yakuts, in Soviet times Yakutia’s indigenous peoples were counted among what were called the "northern minorities," "peoples of the North," or "small-in-number-peoples." Despite recent Yakut claims to indigenous status, the previously-designated indigenous peoples of Yakutia tend to view both Yakuts and Russians as colonizers.
		Yakuts are now acutely concerned with resisting undue Russian influence on their political, economic, and cultural affairs.
	www.cidcm.umd.edu /inscr/mar/data/rusyakut.htm (1082 words)

	Ethnologue: Russia, Asia
		Russian is used as the second language by all except older people as a contact language, for literature, and urban professional and cultural life.
		Dolgan is the contact language on the Tajmyr Peninsula, and is spoken also by Evenki, Nganasan, and long-term Russian residents.
		Torgon is the basis of the literary language.
	www.christusrex.org /www3/ethno/RusA.html (3296 words)

	Endangered Languages of Siberia - The Yukagir language
		The Yukagir language is an agglutinative one with predominance of suffixation.
		The official status of the Yukagir language is the language of indigenous minority ethnos of the Russian Federation.
		Nowadays Yukagir is the language of family and household communication mainly spoken by representatives of older and partly average generation.
	lingsib.iea.ras.ru /en/languages/yukagir.shtml (2084 words)

	Yakut language, pronunciation and language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Yakut or Sakha is a Turkic language with about 363,000 speakers in the Russian Federation, mainly in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) and also in the Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin regions and the Taimyr and Evenki autonomous districts.
		Yakut first appeared in writing in 1692 as part of a book by the traveller N. Witsen and published in Amsterdam.
		The first literary work in Yakut Reminiscences by A. Uvarovsky and its German translation was published in 1851 as a part of Otto N. Böhtlingk's work About the Yakut language.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/yakut.htm (194 words)

	current research interests
		The Yakuts are traditionally semi-nomadic cattle and horse-breeders who speak a Turkic language — along with the Dolgans from the Taimyr peninsula (whose language is closely related to Yakut) they are the northernmost Turkic-speaking population.
		Since the 18th century, the distinct language and subsistence pattern of the Yakuts have aroused the interest of ethnographers, anthropologists, archaeologists and linguists who hypothesized an origin of the population in the south, most often located more specifically to the northwestern shores of Lake Baykal.
		Not only the fact that the Yakuts speak a Turkic language (the geographically closest Turkic populations are Tuvan and Altay groups in south Siberia) and the horse- and cattle-breeding have led researchers to assume a southern origin of the Yakuts.
	email.eva.mpg.de /~pakendor/research.html (1026 words)

	Sakha language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sakha, or Yakut, is a Turkic language with around 363,000 speakers that is spoken in the Sakha Republic in the Russian Federation.
		Its speakers are known as the Sakha or the Yakuts.
		Dolgan language, a close relative of Sakha, considered by some a dialect, is spoken by Dolgans in Krasnoyarsk Region.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yakut_language (627 words)

	Yakut Heroic Epos – Olonkho
		This epos is the major poetic genre of the Yakut and is a means of education.
		It describes Yakut beliefs, shamanism and customs, interpreting them and explaining different elements of life and consists of numerous legends about the deeds of ancient booturs (warriors) and the epic memory of the nation.
		The narrative tradition is also being lost due to rapid urbanization, the decline in the national culture of the Yakut community, and the ageing of the older generations of olonkhohuts.
	www.unesco.org /culture/intangible-heritage/35eur_uk.htm (345 words)

	Languages of the Russian Federation and the NIS
		A title language is the language of the main ethnos on the territory.
		It describes languages and dialects of the three linguistic families: Kartvelian, Abkhazo-Adyghean, and Nakho-Dagestanian, extinct and modern, that are spoken in the Caucasus in the territory of Russia, Azerbaidzhan and Georgia.
		It consists of three chapters: Small languages and nations and methods of their study; Materials of studies of small nations of the European and Asian North; Materials of studies of Iranian languages.
	www.panrus.com /books/category.php?langID=1&catID=36 (1416 words)

	THE DOLGANS
		In 1935--59 the self-designation of the Yakuts, saha, was used as an official Russian name for the Dolgans inhabiting the Taimyr National Territory.
		This dialect has also at times been considered as a separate language, due to the strong Evenk influence which causes it to differ considerably from the Yakut language spoken in the northwestern and middle parts of Yakutia.
		The Yakut script is alien to the Dolgans, and therefore unsuitable for use in their schools.
	www.samoyed.org /dolgans.html (1263 words)

	Lingva Prismo
		Language Family — Yakut belongs to the Northern Turkic group of the Turkic branch.
		Some linguists consider the Turkic languages to be a part of the Altaic language family.
		In the Yakut language there is a word for camel, as opposed to the other indigenous Siberian languages which use the Russian word verblyud.
	www.lingvo.info /lf/jakuta.php?lingvo=en (199 words)

	The people’s artist of YASSR Ivan Vasilievich Popov (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In 1930 as a result of uniting of " Sakha keskile " and the Yakut department of the Russian geographical society appeared " Society of study of the Yakut ASSR ".
		He was born in 1874 in the village Cherkekh of the Boturussky region, in the family of a priest of the local church Vasily Stepanovich and his wife Kapitolina Dimitrianovna Popovs.
		In 1889 he became a student of the Yakut spiritual seminary, but didn’t manage to finish it and become a priest, as he was expelled from the third course.
	www.sitc.ru /culture/museum/kraeved/collection/popov/index_en.shtml (1140 words)

	Minority languages of Russia on the Net - Yakut language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Spoken in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) as well as in the Amur, Magadan, Sakhalin regions and the Taimyr and Evenki autonomous districts.
		Yakut is also spoken among the Evenki and other peoples of the Russian North and Far East.
		Tya sire - Journal of the Sakha ministry of agriculture in Yakut
	www.peoples.org.ru /eng_jakut.html (163 words)

	Kinoeye \| Russian film: Aleksei Balabanov's Reka (The River)
		Balabanov can be blamed for not insisting on a Yakut voice-over, because, although both expensive and time-consuming, it would have erased the presence of the voice of the coloniser.
		It might be argued that the tradition in Russia that films in other languages than Russian tend to be dubbed by Russian voices, thus rendering pointless the idea of a non-Russian narration.
		Reka certainly shares this fate of having the original language removed, which makes it Russianised, as it is not the native tongue that narrates, but again the coloniser with its powers of hierarchy and classification.
	www.kinoeye.org /04/04/kristensen04.php (3791 words)

	[No title]
		Contents: Introduction; Lexics of Finno-Ugor origins in Russian language; Topical groups of Finno-Ugor origins and their linguistic and geographical survey; Non-original lexics and differentiation of Russian dialects of the North-West; Substratum of the language landscape of North-West Russian dialects; Peculiarities of phonetic substitution and adaptation of appellant lexics.
		This monograph studies: the socio-demographic factors of the functioning of the Russian and Buriat languages in the republic of Buriatia; inter-penetration of the two languages, Russian and Buriat phonetic, lexical, grammatical, and stylistic levels.
		The Khanty language is a language of aboriginal people of West Siberia, one of the Finn-Uigor language group.
	www.panrus.com /books/category.php?langID=2&catID=36 (1415 words)

	The Influence of Church Translations on Subsequent Sakha (Yakut) Literature
		In 1852 in his memorandum to the Governor‑General of Irkutsk Count N.N. Muraviev‑Amurskii, Archbishop Innokentii reported that the Yakut language was predominant in the oblast, spoken not only by the other northern ethnicities who had lost their own native languages but even by Russians who had settled in the region.
		The Yakut scientist, ethnographer and folklorist Gavriil V. Ksenofontov (1888‑1938) focused on "Shamanism and Christianity", and discovered a number of parallels and coincidences between stories in the Old Testament on the one hand and shaman myths and rituals of Siberian nations on the other hand.
		Similarly in the next millennium, the biblical texts now translated into the Yakut language, and these alongside the creative oral traditions of the Sakha nation and the classics of Russian literature, became the preconditions in fact for the appearance of Yakut literature.
	www.orthodoxresearchinstitute.org /articles/misc/burtsev_church_translations.htm (1952 words)

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		Evenk written language was created at the end of the 1920s, and in 1933--34 Evenk was introduced into primary schools in the Evenk National Territory, and some other areas.
		The written language was created on the basis of one dialect (the Nepi dialect) which caused confusion among the speakers of other dialects.
		The native language was spoken fluently by 45.1 %.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/evenks.shtml (2223 words)

	Report from Yakutiya
		The Yakut language, in addition to Russian, became the official language of the state.
		The heroic epic of Yakut, Olonkho, is certainly the finest we have in the native creative tradition and is only the tip of the iceberg.
		Librettos have been written, animations have been produced, and the Yakut Dramatic Theater is producing a play in an aesthetic consistent with the epic.
	www.folklife.si.edu /resources/Unesco/borisova.htm (1311 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:UKT
		The following is the entry for this language as it appeared in the 14th edition (2000).
		It has been superseded by the corresponding entry in the 15th edition (2005).
		A higher percentage of teachers and officials come from this group than from nearby languages.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=UKT (127 words)

	USSEE - Tanya Y's Final Essay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		I know moreover the Yakut language (my native one) and Russian which also is considered as the state language in Yakutia.
		My future job will be connected by straight manner with foreign languages as I'm going to be a specialist in international currency and credit relations.
		As for my studying languages at University, the priority is given to English.
	www.gwu.edu /~washweb/usseetanyay.htm (417 words)

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