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Topic: Yale Romanization

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	Normalization Issue
		The study of Cantonese as a language is hampered by a surprising number of romanization schemes in active use.
		Among the materials consulted for use in the Unihan database, there are seven distinct romanizations used, none of which is the same as the one used in the Unihan database itself.
		While the Yale romanization (from which our romanization is derived) continues in popularity, we feel that it would be better to adopt the new jyutping romanization developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong.
	www.unicode.org /review/pr-31.html (190 words)

	Cantonese (Yale Romanization) Input Module for the Newton
		Yale Romanization is a romanization of cantonese that is by far the most popular form of romanization for non-native cantonese learners (like me).
		In Yale romanization, these accents are indicated by placing certain accent marks over the first vowel in the final, possibly in combination with placing an "h" after the last vowel in the final.
		For the vowel-less cantonese romanizations "ng" and "m", the "h" is placed at the end of the word, and the accent is placed on top of the first letter (the n or the m).
	cs.gmu.edu /~sean/projects/newton/YaleInput (606 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The four Romanizations, however, are unrelated in the sense that the same letter from one Romanization may not represent the same sound in another.
		The Yale system also avoids the difficulties faced by the beginner trying to read pinyin romanization because it uses certain Roman letters and combinations of letters in such a way that they no longer carry their expected values.
		Martin and his colleagues at Yale University about half a decade after McCune-Reischauer, and is still used today, although mainly by linguists, among whom it has become the standard romanization for the language.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Yale_Romanization (1051 words)

	Yale East Asia Library: Japanese Romanization Guide
		Knowledge of a Japanese romanization system is crucial when searching Japanese script materials in library catalogs in North America.
		The basic Japanese romanization system used in North America is the Modified Hepburn System.
		Romanization Table to convert the pronunciation of scripts into Roman characters.
	www.library.yale.edu /eastasian/romanization_jp.html (619 words)

	Mandarin Chinese
		The Wades-Giles romanization was devised by Thomas Francis Wade (1818-1895), a British ambassador in China and Chinese scholar who was the first professor of Chinese at Cambridge University.
		Until 1998, Wade-Giles was the main romanization system used to represent the sounds of Mandarin in Western publications.
		The Yale romanization system was developed by Yale University in the 1950s and 60s as an aid to teaching Mandarin and Cantonese to Americans.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/mandarin.htm (933 words)

	The Gong Project - Chinese Cantonese Yale Romanization System
		The Yale romanization system was developed by Parker Huang and Gerald Kok for learners of Cantonese.
		The system uses a romanized word together with a marker to indicate the tone which must be used when the word is pronounced.
		The Cantonese Yale romanization system as explained in the box on the right is a representation of Cantonese words by a combination of its romanized form and a tone marker.
	gong.ust.hk /features_yale.html (437 words)

	Yale Romanization - Definition, explanation
		The Yale Romanizations are four systems created during World War II by the United States for its soldiers.
		Rather than try to teach recruits to interpret the linguistically accurate but somewhat counter-intuitive standard romanization of the time, the Wade-Giles system, a new system was invented that utilized the decoding skills that recruits would already know from having learned to read English.
		Korean Yale was developed by Samuel E. Martin and his colleagues at Yale University, and is still used today, although mainly by linguists.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/y/ya/yale_romanization.php (884 words)

	Yale Romanization Information
		Rather than try to teach recruits to interpret the standard Romanization of the time, the Wade-Giles system, a new system was invented that utilized the decoding skills that recruits would already know from having learned to read English.
		Habitually chooses which cheat?!?" Reciting something from a sheet of emergency sentences written in Yale romanization he would say, "R ben ren de jigwan chyang dzai nei byan?" Even if it were not read perfectly, given the social context a speaker of Mandarin probably would get the idea pretty quickly.
		For example, [p] is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, [pʰ] is represented as p.
	www.bookrags.com /Yale_Romanization (1184 words)

	Pinyin news » Blog Archive » Taiwan’s MPS2 romanization system is not the same as Yale
		But that hasn’t stopped the relatively common belief that the Yale romanization system for Mandarin can be found on some official signage here.
		What most people take as Yale is in fact MPS2, a Taiwan-devised romanization system that dates from the mid 1980s.
		To some degree the confusion of MPS2 for Yale is understandable, given that the two systems have many points in common on which they differ with Hanyu Pinyin.
	pinyin.info /news/2006/taiwans-mps2-romanization-system-is-not-the-same-as-yale (0 words)

	Standard Mandarin - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Yale and Wade-Giles systems, for example, mostly treat the palatals as allophones of the retroflex consonants; Tongyong Pinyin mostly treats them as allophones of the dentals; and Chinese Braille treats them as allophones of the velars.
		The Yale Romanization system was created at Yale University during World War II specifically to facilitate communication between American military personnel and their Chinese counterparts.
		The Yale system was, at the time of its creation (and for maybe the next 20 years), the most successful system of teaching Mandarin in terms of students' development of correct speaking skills, and the speed of their language acquisition, and the degree to which they retained their skills and vocabulary.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Putonghua (8238 words)

	Yale Romanization
		The Yale Romanizations are four systems created during World War II by the United States for its soldiers.
		The four romanizations, however, are unrelated in the sense that the same letter from one Romanization may not represent the same sound in another.
		In Yale romanization they would be written "ji" and "chi." The Yale system also avoids the difficulties faced by the beginner trying to read pinyin romanization because it uses certain roman letters and combinations of letters in such a way that they no longer carry their expected values.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/y/ya/yale_romanization.html (733 words)

	[KS] romanization absolutism
		If the early version of his Yale system was published in Korea as one of the results of his invitation by Syngman Rhee to render advice on Korean orthography, then the government of Korea once had a role quite different from more recent governments' tendency to exclude foreigners from the deliberative processes.
		I have long held the view that these problems pretty much ruled Yale out as a practical system for the general public or even for a lot of scholarly writers who are relatively unable to deal with linguistics neatness when it upsets their common sense conventions.
		Yale has many advantages that satisfy the original goals that the romanization committees were asked to deal with in 1998 and 1999.
	koreaweb.ws /pipermail/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws/2005-June/004848.html (1466 words)

	Chinese Language Transliteration Systems -- Yale (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Yale romanization system was developed by Yale University in the 1950s and 60s as an aid to teaching Mandarin and Cantonese to American military personnel.
		For example, IPA /p/ is represented as b in Yale, whereas its aspirated counterpart, /p h/ is represented as p.
		Cantonese specific romanization is important because the differences between Mandarin and Cantonese are great: Mandarin has 4 tones, Cantonese has 6…7…8…9; Cantonese features a number of sounds that don’t exist in Mandarin, particularly vowels and finals; the converse is also true, some sounds in Mandarin don’t exist in Cantonese, for example x and sh.
	polaris.gseis.ucla.edu /skozerow/yale.htm (323 words)

	Wikitravel:Romanization - Wikitravel
		Romanization is the process of mapping a script into the Latin alphabet used for English.
		For articles about Taiwan, use Wade-Giles romanization (without the necessary apostrophes) for older and well-known place names and either Hanyu pinyin or Tongyong pinyin for lesser known placenames (depending on which political party is controlling the locality, but we won't delve into that mess here).
		Hebrew romanization is highly nonstandard and complicated by the existence of numerous dialects with varying pronunciations.
	wikitravel.org /en/Wikitravel:Romanization (1010 words)

	[KS] romanization absolutism
		Martin created Yale Romanization as a linguistic tool; it was meant to maximize the transparency of Korean phonological and morphological structure, and for that it has never been equaled, much less surpassed.
		The narrow version of Yale was created in the early 1950s; Martin did not use it in his1951 _Language_ article on Korean phonemics, but he did in his famous 1954 monograph on Korean morphophonemics.
		Yale Romanization is used, for example, in all of Sohn Ho-min's books and articles, as well as in Lee and Ramsey's _The Korean Language_.
	koreaweb.ws /pipermail/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws/2005-June/004841.html (1606 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The romanization given in field 2 follows the Yale Romanization system, which allows Hangul-romanization conversion in both directions.
		The romanized words were obtained using the "yale-roman.pl" script included in the release.
		Yale system is the preferred romanization scheme for Korean among the linguistics community.
	www.ldc.upenn.edu /Catalog/docs/LDC2003L02/ko_lex.txt (1139 words)

	Chinese: Video training, tutorials, computer software, graphics, safety, science, engineering and more
		The Yale romanization system, used in the United States for many years, utilizes familiar phonetic representations that are relatively easy to pronounce.
		Since the Yale romanization is used throughout the text, you are not required to learn Chinese characters; attention is concentrated on new sounds, words, and language patterns.
		Pinyin and Yale transcriptions are used throughout the text, but correspondence tables are given between Wade-Giles romanization and pinyin so the text can be used regardless of the romanization system learned previously.
	www.info-motion.net /Merchant2/merchant.mvc?Screen=CTGY&Store_Code=I&Category_Code=Chinese (1188 words)

	Standard Cantonese at AllExperts
		A vestige of this palatalization difference is sometimes reflected in the romanization scheme used to romanize Cantonese names in Hong Kong.
		The one advocated by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) is called jyutping, which solves many of the inconsistencies and problems of the older, favored, and more familiar system of Yale Romanization, but departs considerably from it in a number of ways unfamiliar to Yale users.
		The romanization systems are not included in the education system either in Hong Kong or in Guangdong province.
	en.allexperts.com /e/s/st/standard_cantonese.htm (2834 words)

	yale Flashcards
		01 1 estereotipos pasajes tipos university y yale
		03 3 costumbres pasajes tradiciones university y yale
		08 8 creencias ideologías pasajes university y yale
	www.flashcardexchange.com /tag/yale (90 words)

	Sensei's Library: Forum for Romanization
		Under Revised this word is romanized "Ja-Chung-Su." SL mostly uses (modified?) !McC-R, but that's partly a function of the slow adoption of Revised and partly the influence of John F. I can't do !McC-R and I can do Revised, so I just stick with that in my own writings.
		The Romanization used by the Hankuk Kiwon is closest to Revised.
		Just treat the odd romanized forms as a separate romanization system (i.e., "also spelled"), and present the name as if it were romanized using Revised.
	senseis.xmp.net /?topic=64 (3942 words)

	Collected Precedents of the S.C.A.: Non-Roman Alphabets / Transliteration
		When Gaelic is being represented using the Roman alphabet, letters with the punctum delens are rendered with an appended h; thus, S with a punctum delens becomes Sh in standard transliteration.
		In the case of languages that do not use a Roman alphabet (Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, et cetera) registerable forms of the name are not based on pronunciation, but rather on transliteration standards for the language in question.
		But when a word was written in the Roman alphabet, the distinction between the two was maintained; we do not find simple transliterations from the runic futhark to the Roman alphabet.
	www.sca.org /heraldry/laurel/precedents/CompiledNamePrecedents/NonRomanAlphabetsTransliteration.html (5209 words)

	ipedia.com: Pinyin Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is important to maintain the distinction that pinyin is a romanization and not an anglicization; that is, it is equally applicable for transliteration into any language that uses a roman alphabet.
		Although the ROC government has stated the desire to use romanization rather than bopomofo in education, the lack of agreement on which form of pinyin to use and the huge logistical challenge of teacher training has stalled these efforts.
		This argument revolves around pinyin's unconventional use of Roman letters, of which the phonological values of some phonemes are quite different than that of most languages utilizing the Roman alphabet.
	www.ipedia.com /pinyin.html (2320 words)

	[Omnigator] Description
		Developed during WWII by Samuel E. Martin at Yale University together with colleagues for use by American soldiers.
		Was the official romanization system in South Korea until 2000 (at which point the revised system was adopted), but is still used in the West and in North Korea.
		The language is known from a small number of partially-understood inscriptions in the Roman alphabet, and in Iberian syllabic script, from c.300-100 BC.
	www.ontopia.net /omnigator/models/topic_complete.jsp?tm=i18n.ltm&id=description (1722 words)

	Untitled Document
		A popular and widely used course, which pioneered the now common Yale Romanization using 'h' to indicate a low tone, and diacritics for rising and falling.
		A more comprehensive dictionary giving in Yale Romanization the Cantonese equivalent of most English words any learner is likely to need.
		Uses the Lau Romanization indicating tones by means of number superscripts, which is somewhat easier to learn than the Yale system.
	lc.ust.hk /HASALD/newsletter/96newsletter/96geoff.htm (2112 words)

	Review: Japanese: The Spoken Language Part 1 by Jorden and Noda
		The Asian languages dept. at Yale U. is famous for its excellent foreign language texts - for instance the deFrancis texts for Chinese, and this book is clearly also written by an expert linguist.
		However, Yale is also infamous for inventing bizarre, non-standard forms of Romanization, such as the dreadful Yale Romanization for Chinese.
		The JSL romanization is based on the Nippon-shiki romanization used in Japan.
	entropy.brneurosci.org /reviews/japanese.html (1092 words)

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