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Topic: Yamal (icebreaker)

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	Polar Cruise Ships: Nuclear Icebreaker Yamal
		Essential for navigation in the ice, the Yamal carries a helicopter for reconnaissance and passenger excursions.
		With 75,000 horsepower, a thick armor of steel plate and specialized icebreaking design with double hull, the Yamal is one of few surface ships to have ever reached the North Pole.
		Icebreaking is assisted by an air bubbling system, delivering hot water from jets below the surface, polymer coatings and the capability of rapid movement of ballast water.
	www.travelvantage.com /arc_yamal.html (475 words)

	How Icebreakers Beak Ice (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Icebreakers break ice by using momentum and power to push their bow up on the ice.
		Icebreakers are specially designed for this and have sloping bows, heavy displacement (weight) for their size, and lots of power.
		YAMAL and her sister ships are the most powerful icebreakers in the world, but they require cold water to cool their reactors.
	marquettewebworks.com /greatlakes/icebreak.htm (426 words)

	Yamal Nuclear Icebreaker
		The Yamal is staffed by an experienced crew of 150, including 50 officers and engineers.
		With 75,000 horsepower, a thick armour of steel plate and a double hull designed specifically for icebreaking, the Yamal is one of the few surface ships to have ever reached the North Pole.
		Icebreaking is assisted by an air-bubbling system which delivers hot water through jets beneath the surface of the ice, as well as a polymer coating over the hull and the ability to quickly move ballast water.
	www.windowsonthewild.com /Pole/yamal.htm (507 words)

	Ice Breaker Yamal Specs
		The nuclear icebreaker “Yamal” was built in St. Petersburg in 1992 and meets all international requirements regarding this type of vessels.
		As Russia's icebreaker fleet is considered to be the world's biggest and most up-to-date, Russians are recognized experts in polar research.
		The "Yamal", an icebreaker with a capacity of 75,000 h.p., a thick armor of special sheet steel forming a double hull, and a specific ice ship design, is one of the few surface vessels to ever have reached the North Pole.
	www.victory-cruises.com /ice_breaker_yamal_specs.html (511 words)

	Arctic, Russian Nuclear Icebreakers - Johnson's Russia List 6-25-03 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		As captain of the atomic icebreaker Yamal, he will be spending his summer smashing through the ice of the Arctic Ocean, taking tourists to the top of the world and providing a lifeline to Russia's north.
		The collapse of the Soviet Union halted icebreaker building, and the Murmansk Shipping Company, which manages the fleet for the state, is having to run some vessels well past their life span, often using them for tourist excursions to raise money.
		Icebreakers are not just important for the companies of the far north, but crucial for feeding their workers and heating their houses during the long, bitter winter.
	www.cdi.org /russia/johnson/7238-18.cfm (951 words)

	O poderoso quebra gelos nuclear N/S YAMAL
		Not simply an ice-reinforced ship, the Yamal is a powerful and sophisticated icebreaker that has taken adventurous passengers to the North Pole since 1993.
		Yamal (Quark Expeditions) and others nuclear icebreakers like Sovietskiy Soyuz are not allowed to enter the coastal waters of Spitsbergen.
		Built in St. Petersburg, Russia in 1992 by Murmansk Shipping Company, the nuclear icebreaker Yamal is one of five ice-breakers in the Arktika class ("Sovetskiy Soyuz", "Arktika", "Sibir", "Rossija", "Yamal").
	farinha0.tripod.com /id87.html (439 words)

	Icebreaker (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.cs.columbia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Essential to an icebreaking vessel is the ability to propel itself onto the ice, breaking it, and then successfully clearing the ice debris from its path.
		Icebreakers are expensive to build and very expensive to run, whether the Icebreaker is powered by gas turbines, or is a nuclear powered icebreaker.
		Icebreakers have a round sled-like bow, however; they tend to slam into waves, which can be a risk in high seas.
	icebreaker.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (855 words)

	Nuclear powered icebreaker - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Nuclear powered icebreakers are far more powerful than their diesel powered counterparts, and have been constructed by Russia primarily to aid shipping in the frozen Arctic waterways in the north of Siberia.
		Two nuclear-powered icebreakers, NS Vaigach and NS Taimyr, have been built for shallow waters and are usually used on the river Yenisei to Dikson, where they break through the ice followed by cargo ships with lumber from Igarka and cargo ships with ore and metals from the Norilsk Company's port Dudinka.
		Arktika-class icebreakers have a double hull, with the outer hull being approximately 48 mm thick at the ice-breaking areas and 25 mm thick elsewhere.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_powered_icebreaker (1730 words)

	YAMAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Voyage aboard the vessel "Yamal" as indicated in the itinerary;
		From the "Murmashi" airport we take comfortable buses and are transferred aboard the icebreaker "Yamal." We sail late in the evening.
		En route we have time to rest and explore the "Yamal." In the company of the captain, you will be introduced to the ship and the sophisticated technical equipment in the engine room, as well as to the basic principles of ice navigation and the navigator's job.
	www.geadventures.com /yamal.htm (1686 words)

	The Braden Files : White Nights in the High Desert (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Yamal is not the crippled shepherd boy of Gian Carl Mennoti fame, but the Queen of the Arctic, a twenty-two thousand five hundred ton nuclear icebreaker, ten times heavier than a WWII destroyer.
		Russia spans 162 degrees of arctic longitude, and her icebreakers have to be the best in the world, keeping the sea open from Murmansk to the Bering Strait for commerce during the winter.
		Yamal slams into the first of it at twenty knots....we are all down in the lecture hall attending to Yar.
	braden.weblogger.com /paraHunt/WhiteNightsHighDesert (4122 words)

	Icebreakers keep Russia’s north alive -DAWN - International; June 25, 2003
		At the Yamal’s heart — a spotless room lined with humming banks of computers covered in flashing lights and fast-changing displays — technicians checked the controls of its two nuclear reactors and steam turbines.
		NONE BUILT: The collapse of the Soviet Union halted icebreaker building, and the Murmansk Shipping Company, which manages the fleet for the state, is having to run some vessels well past their life span, often using them for tourist excursions to raise money.
		LIFELINE: Icebreakers are not just important for the companies of the far north, but crucial for feeding their workers and heating their houses during the long, bitter winter.
	www.dawn.com /2003/06/25/int19.htm (627 words)

	North Pole and Eclipse, The Yamal
		Our state-of-the-art icebreaker, the Yamal, is renowned not only in the realm of adventure travel, but in polar navigation generally.
		The Yamal is among a select group of vessels with the capability — and the mandate — to take you through the pack ice to the remotest High Arctic.
		The Yamal icebreaker carries helicopters as well as a fleet of Zodiac landing craft to ensure you get ashore efficiently, safely and as often as conditions allow.
	www.tq-international.com /NorthPole2008/NPYamal.htm (948 words)

	Icebreaker Yamal - Arctic 2006
		Designed as a working vessel to keep shipping lanes open along Russia's Northern Sea Route, the Yamal is among the world's most powerful and sophisticated icebreakers and one of the few surface ships ever to have reached the North Pole.
		At the same time, the Yamal offers the utmost in passenger comfort, with all the amenities you'd expect from the ultimate expedition ship.
		The Yamal's two nuclear reactors are encased in 160 tons of steel, high density concrete and water.
	www.victory-cruises.com /yamal_deck.html (312 words)

	Adventure Associates \| Arctic \| The North Pole \| Voyage to the North Pole (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The nuclear icebreaker Yamal was built in St. Petersburg, Russia in 1992 by Murmansk Shipping Company and is one of five ice-breakers in this class.
		In addition, the Yamal carries a fleet of sturdy Zodiac craft for leisurely cruises and beach landings.
		With 75,000 horsepower, a thick armour of steel plate and specialised icebreaking design with double hull, the Yamal is one of few surface ships to have ever reached the North Pole.
	www.adventureassociates.com /arctic/northpole/vessel.html (627 words)

	North Pole_Yamal the Russian Icebreaker travels to the North Pole
		Sometimes they rise onto their rear paws, coming very close to boards of the ship, when she is standing It is Zoo vice versa — when animals are studying humansRemote and difficult to reach, the North Pole has lured generations of explorers on voyages full of adventure and discoveries.
		The icebreaker "Yamal", being your comfortable hotel at the same time, has sometimes to impose nearly all her enormous power onto fields of hard pack ice to cut her way through.
		Upon arrival we are transferred to the icebreaker "Yamal".
	www.eaglescry.com /Yamal.htm (1313 words)

	Arctic - The North Pole: 90º North - 16-Day Tour by JOURNEYS International
		It’s as sophisticated as it is powerful: 75,000 horsepower drive the very latest in ice breaking technology, and what a sight it is. As you cross the Barents Sea, you’ll be engaged on board with presentations on everything Arctic, from wildlife to history to geology.
		As Yamal takes us back south, stand on the deck and survey the expanse of brilliant blue and white ice that stretches hundreds of kilometers in all directions.
		With a displacement of 23,000 tons, 75,000 total horsepower and a 48mm thick armor steel icebreaker hull, the Yamal is among the world’s most powerful and sophisticated ships.
	www.journeys-intl.com /destinations/polar/arctic/191 (1634 words)

	Adventure Travel,Yamal,Kapitan Dranitsyn,Longyearbyen,North Pole,Mongolia
		Sail Arctic waters on the Yamal or the Kapitan Dranitsyn, Russian icebreakers that explore a remote and little explored part of the planet during the summer months.
		The Yamal's destination is the North Pole, while the Kapitan Dranitsyn sails throughout Franz Josef Land, the northernmost islands of Russia.
		A Russian icebreaker that maintains the open channels in and around the Franz Josef Land Islands north of the Arctic circle.
	www.eaglescry.com /Adventure_Travel.htm (269 words)

	TEA: Rosenberger- -- 8.6.2001
		Some were administrators from the Yamal, some were tourists who had paid to go to the North Pole, and some were tour and people coordinators.
		We landed on their helideck and were taken to the bridge (that's bridge, not brig) and given a quick talk about the Yamal.
		The Yamal is half again as long as the Oden and has 3 times the horsepower.
	tea.armadaproject.org /rosenberger/8.6.2001.html (833 words)

	Pravda.RU Russian icebreaker Yamal picks up French arctic explorer off icefloe
		The nuclear icebreaker Yamal, on Tuesday July 2, took on board in the Spitsbergen archipelago a group of overseas tourists and several French scientists -- colleagues of Etienne -- and set course towards the icefloe on which the traveler was drifting.
		The Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker Yamal has picked up from an icefloe a French explorer of the Arctic, Jean Louis Etienne, this correspondent was told on Friday at the press-service of the Murmansk Shipping Company.
		On Tuesday, the Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker Yamal set course from the Spitsbergen archipelago towards an icefloe on which a French Arctic explorer, Jean Louis Etienne, has been drifting since April 14, 2002, this correspondent was told on Wednesday at a press-service of OAO Murmansk Shipping Company.
	newsfromrussia.com /region/2002/07/05/31893.html (1770 words)

	NPOpenWater
		The Yamal encountered favorable ice conditions enroute and upon arrival found an area of open water at the Pole.
		Among the historical anecdotes related to us about open water at the Pole is the surfacing of USS Queenfish(SSN 651) during summer 1970 through a polynya a few hundred yards across about 500 yards from the North Pole.
		While the importance of open water at the Pole has been overemphasized, it is consistent with the mild ice conditions encountered by the Yamal during her transit and the relatively thin ice conditions we observed over a wide area during deployment of the Observatory.
	psc.apl.washington.edu /northpole/NPOpenWater.html (841 words)

	CU Boulder Alumni Trip Details
		Join us on this supreme adventure in the comfort of the Yamal, as we cruise through ethereal icescapes on our way to stand on the top of the planet, and to share the exhilaration of perhaps the most exceptional of travel experiences.
		Transpolar voyages are exceptionally rare, usually accomplished only by an occasional freighter preceded by an icebreaker opening a pathway through the ice.
		• Ice cruising will be superb, as the icebreaker Yamal crashes through polar ice 10 — 15 feet thick, while you watch from the deck with your camera at the ready — the experience of a lifetime.
	www.cualum.org /travel/TripDetails.shtml?TripID=201 (394 words)

	Arctic Postal History 1994-98
		Three icebreakers from the participating countries met in the polar seas, including the USS POLAR SEA, the Canadian Coast Guard icebreaker LOUIS S. and the Russian icebreaker YAMAL, to share information on navigation and sailing skills in the high latitudes.
		The YAMAL was additionally on a tourist cruise to the North Pole with passengers, including a group of gifted children.
		The North Pole tourist cruises continued in 1994 with the icebreaker YAMAL reaching the North Pole on July 21.
	www.south-pole.com /aspp041.htm (258 words)

	Arctic Cruise: North Pole Itinerary & Rates
		Surrounded by endless polar vistas, the Yamal begins breaking through the multi-year pack ice, surging northward at speeds of up to 12 knots in conditions that few vessels have the power to negotiate.
		As you watch the fascinating progress of the Yamal from one of the decks, keep an eye out for more wildlife; your chances of spotting polar bears in particular are excellent as we near Franz Josef Land.
		Voyage aboard the Yamal as indicated in the itinerary
	www.travelvantage.com /arc_cr_northpole.html (1513 words)

	Nordic Travel. Arctic :: Cruises - Icebreaker "Yamal"
		Nordictravel.ru / Arctic / Cruises / Icebreaker "Yamal"
		The Crew of the "Yamal" is - 150 persons.
		The "Yamal" also has a good library and a small infirmary.
	nordictravel.ru /arctic/yamal.html (155 words)

	Icebreaker Yamal (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab1.cs.columbia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		With the world's largest and most modern fleet of icebreakers, the Russians are recognised experts in polar operations.
		Our vessel is also equipped with the latest satellite navigation and communication equipment including telephone, fax and e-mail facilities.
		Please note: this voyage may be operated by the sister vessel of the Yamal, the Sovetskiy Soyuz, with identical specifications.
	www.mitresy.com.cob-web.org:8888 /arctic/deck_yamal_np04.shtml (539 words)

	The North Pole
		The renowned Russian nuclear-powered icebreaker Yamal is one of the few surface ships ever to reach the North Pole.
		As Yamal pushes south, the members of our expedition team prepare you for the landings in Franz Josef Land, presenting a series of formal presentations about the wildlife, landscape and history of one of the world’s most recently discovered archipelagos.
		The ‘Yamal’ is assisted by an air-bubbling system, which delivers hot water from jets beneath the surface, polymer coatings and the capability of rapid movement of ballast water.
	www.50plusexpeditions.com /Destinations/Arctic/DIE/NorthPole.htm (1759 words)

	08/21/00 -- Global warming fears as polar ice cap melts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The icecap at the North Pole has melted for the first time in 50 million years, reinforcing fears about global warming.Scientists on board the Russian icebreaker Yamal came across a mile-long lake of open water within the icecap at the pole, where the ice is usually at least nine feet thick in summer.
		The Yamal was able to sail from Spitsbergen, in the Svalbard archipelago, through thin ice into the lake.
		The discovery has strengthened predictions that within 50 years the icecap could disappear each summer unless the discharge of climate-changing gases, such as carbon dioxide, is heavily cut.Such melting would devastate Arctic wildlife populations and would change Britain's climate significantly.
	www.climateark.org /articles/2000/3rd/gwfeaspo.htm (369 words)

	~~~The San Clemente Journal ~~~ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Yamal’s 2006 expedition leader, Laurie Dexter, had made several extreme expeditions including skiing to the Pole, as well as across Greenland.
		The Yamal crew, Russian and European, had relocated to lower decks to accommodate their guests.
		Harner said that the Yamal’s radioman invited the submarine crew to the Pole-arrival celebration, suggesting there were even women in their group, but the lure didn’t change the mind of the rapidly submerging submarine officer.
	www.sanclementejournal.com /articles/article020_2006_04.htm (1418 words)

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