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Topic: Yambuku

In the News (Sun 27 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Ebola Virus Haemorrhagic Fever
		Ebola Virus transmission was interrupted by the closure of Yambuku hospital with cessation of giving injections, by isolation of patients in their villages and by a change in funeral habits.
		His report points out that there was no strict isolation of the patients in Yambuku hospital and that some of the patients escaped to go back and die in their villages where they were buried near the houses and even, sometimes, within the house.
		Meanwhile, the medical staff of Yambuku hospital and the missionaries went on collecting information on the spread of the epidemic with the registration of the number of cases, number of deaths, date of admission at the hospital and date of death.
	www.itg.be /ebola/ebola-29.htm (3226 words)

	CRORA : RESUME DES PUBLICATIONS
		The outbreak was centred in the Bumba Zone of the Equateur Region and most of the cases were recorded within a radius of 70 km of Yambuku, although a few patients sought medical attention in Bumba, Abumombazi, and the capital city of Kinshasa, where individual secondary and tertiary cases occurred.
		Ebola virus antibodies we found, however, in five persons who were not ill and had not had contact with the "infected" villages or the Yambuku hospital during the epidemic.
		If these findings can be confirmed by an independent method of testing, they would suggest that the virus is in fact endemic to the region, and should lead to further effort to uncover a viral reservoir in Zaire.
	www.pasteur.fr /recherche/banques/CRORA/res7/re3932.htm (759 words)

	Ebola - William T. Close (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Zuster Veronica, een knappe, energieke boerendochter uit België, maakt zich klaar voor haar werk in het hospitaal.
		De herinneringen aan die tijd hebben hem nooit meer losgelaten en in dit boek vertelt hij het verhaal van de schokkende gebeurtenissen in Yambuku.
		In nachtmerrie-achtige omstandigheden vechten artsen en verpleging tegen iets wat niemand kent en waar geen behandeling tegen bestaat.
	www.gironet.nl /home/tdoosje/C/Close/WTCE.htm (170 words)

	Ebola Virus Haemorrhagic Fever
		The first case was recorded in Yambuku Mission hospital.
		A first epidemiological investigation was done in Yambuku by the local health authorities of the Equateur Province on September 15, whereas the central governsent two teams of physicians respectively on September 23 and October 4.
		Since the outbreak in Yambuku, two micro-epidemics have been notified, but these were false alarms.
	www.itg.be /ebola/ebola-60.htm (3089 words)

	Ebola - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first outbreak took place on August 26th, 1976 in Yambuku, a town in northern Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo).
		The first recorded case (NOTE: not the index case) was a Mabalo Lokela, a 44 year old school teacher just returning from a trip around Northern Zaire, who was examined at a hospital run by Belgian nuns.
		Another case was the death of a nightclub owner in Nzara who could afford to go to the fancier hospital located in Maridi.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ebola (2800 words)

	Reemergence of Ebola Virus in Africa
		The Kikwit outbreak was similar to the original 1976 episode in Zaire, which was centered around the small village of Yambuku some 1000 km to the north (8).
		As in the 1976 outbreak, secondary transmission of the virus in Kikwit occurred through close personal contact with infectious blood and other body fluids and was facilitated by the lack of modern medical facilities and medical supplies that could protect those giving care to the initially affected patients.
		The chief difference between the Yambuku episode and this year's outbreak is that Kikwit is a large and densely populated center close to larger cities, such as Kinshasa and Brazzaville, and the potential for communitywide transmission and spread to neighboring areas is greater.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol1no3/sanchez.htm (1314 words)

	The Hot Zone
		Meanwhile, the Gabonese Ministry of Health reported February 12 that at least one chimpanzee, two gorillas, a wild cat and an antelope have been found dead in the jungle surrounding the village of Mayibout II, raising speculation that a viral epidemic is sweeping through the large- animal population of the area.
		Three previous known epidemics occured in Yambuku, Zaire, in 1976, and in the Sudan in 1976 and 1979.
		He was in the village of Yambuku when the Ebola virus was first isolated there in 1976.
	www.visi.com /~chris (4858 words)

	Student Xpress Student Articles
		Karl Johnson of (at that time) Special Pathogens at the CDC, was leading the team who were investigating the new virus.
		They decided to name it Ebola, after the Ebola river near which the village of Yambuku was situated.
		Then all of a sudden, the disease burnt itself out, and the infections in Zaire and Sudan ceased.
	www.studentxpress.ie /student/Vol1/Issue3/Ebola%20Virus%20II.htm (999 words)

	Filovirus
		Ebola Zaire, a sub-type of Ebola, though originating from monkeys, was transmitted to a schoolteacher from Yambuku, Northern Zaire.
		This schoolteacher infected nurses in the Yambuku convent, one of which was brought to the Kinshasa, Zaire hospital, and spread it to doctors, nurses, and patients alike (Preston 100-110).
		Ebola Zaire has turned out to be the deadliest strain of filovirus, killing approximately eighty-five percent of its hosts ("Ebola HF Table" 1-4).
	www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us /History/Africa/04/daniels/daniels.htm (1214 words)

	[No title]
		He surveys the scene like a military general as the Ferry lands.
		People are dying all along the river -- SISTER GENEVIEVE, a Belgian Catholic Nurse, approaches from the Refugee camp.
		YAMBUKU ROAD - HIGH ANGLE - LOOKING DOWN - LATER The lone Rover travels slowly along the rough road.
	www.hundland.com /scripts/HotZone.txt (15634 words)

	The Ebola Virus
		The host has been elusive thus far, and probably will continue to be for many years.
		The first recorded Ebola outbreak was in Yambuku, a small village in Northern Zaire in 1976 (CDC 5-8).
		Ebola Sudan first emerged at about the same time as the Yambuku outbreak, in N’zara, in Southern Sudan.
	www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us /History/Africa/04/burton/burton.htm (1257 words)

	All about William T Close M.D. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		LISALA TO YAMBUKU: ISOLATE YOURSELVES IN A NONCONTAMINATED LOCALE.
		Augustina sat at the radio for a long time, absently fingering her rosary.
		At a Catholic mission in Yambuku, an oasis of peace and efficiency in northern Congo's vast jungle forests, Mabalo Lokela, a teacher, receives an anti-malarial shot for a raging fever and headache.
	www.williamtclosemd.com /ebola.html (384 words)

	Robert Charles Wilson: Bios - an infinity plus review
		For the humans investigating Isis, a lungful of air, the briefest of touches, an encounter with a single example from the vast array of native micro-organisms, would be fatal, inducing within a matter of hours intense haemorrhagic illness and a painful and gruesome death.
		With scientists' dark humour, the researchers call two of their outposts on the planetary surface, Yambuku and Marburg, after the first two strains of haemorrhagic fever that went on to devastate 21st Century Earth.
		Zoe Fisher, cloned by one of the Trusts, abandoned in an Iranian orphanage only to be rescued again, is more adapted than any human to survive in the wilds of Isis.
	www.infinityplus.co.uk /nonfiction/bios.htm (745 words)

	Amazon.de: English Books: Ebola: A Documentary Novel of Its First Explosion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		William T. Close's account of the 1976 Ebola outbreak in the Yambuku region of Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of Congo) provides a startling look at the emotions, fears and struggles of the individuals involved in a virus outbreak.
		In the case of this outbreak, the etiological agent was not yet known to human-kind, thus enhancing the fear of the disease caused by the virus.
		The events that unfolded in the Yambuku region of Zaire (now Dem.
	www.amazon.de /exec/obidos/ASIN/0804114323/ww2afvportalinpa (605 words)

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		Since the start of the outbreak, the virus has killed 10 people in Cuvette-Ouest: nine in the locality of Etoumbi and one in Mbomo.
		WHO says the Ebola virus was first identified in a western equatorial province of Sudan and in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in 1976, after significant epidemics in Yambuku, northern DRC, and Nzara, southern Sudan.
		The agency describes Ebola as "one of the most virulent viral diseases known to humankind, causing death in 50 percent to 90 percent of all clinically ill cases."
	www.irinnews.org /report.asp?ReportID=47737 (569 words)

	Filipino Reporter : POTPOURRI: An epidemic is contained @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The sudden outbreak of a disease anywhere always alerts the world health community to send medical experts in order to study every detail of the illness, check its spread and reassure everyone that there is no reason to panic from a possible impending worldwide epidemic or pandemic.
		The Ebola virus was first identified in 1976 and named after the Ebola river in Yambuku, Zaire where an outbreak occurred, killing over 400 people in this small village and in neighboring Nzara, Sudan.
		It resurfaced in Sudan in 1979 and again, early this year with an isolated case.
	static.highbeam.com /f/filipinoreporter/june081995/potpourrianepidemiciscontained/index.html (202 words)

	eMedicine - Ebola Virus : Article by John W King, MD
		Ebola and Marburg viruses are responsible for well-documented outbreaks of severe human hemorrhagic fever with resultant case mortality rates ranging from 23% for Marburg virus (Marburg, Germany; 1967) to 88% for Ebola virus (Yambuku, Democratic Republic of the Congo [DRC]; formerly Zaire; 1976).
		The first recorded outbreak occurred in Yambuku, DRC in 1976, where 316 patients were infected.
		In the largest recorded urban outbreak to date (DRC, 1995; 318 cases), admission to a hospital acted to greatly amplify the frequency of transmission.
	www.emedicine.com /MED/topic626.htm (4560 words)

	Ebola Zaire Outbreaks
		On September 1, 1976, four days after returning from a tour of northern Zaire, the index case, a 44 year-old male teacher at the Mission School, sought medical intervention for a febrile illness he thought to be malaria.
		He received a parenteral injection of chloroquine (an anti-malaria drug) from Yambuku Mission Hospital (YMH).
		YMH did not use disposable needles or sterilize the needles between uses.
	www.stanford.edu /group/virus/filo/eboz.html (2982 words)

	The Net Net: ReadMe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		And like McCormick and Fisher-Hoch, Peters is gracious about the musical chairs that brought him into McCormick's job so soon after Reston.
		The vast majority of the drama of the Reston incident lay in the potential for a Yambuku in Washington DC, and Peters's account of it begs several questions.
		And in spite of the fact that Hazelton staff had been in the rooms with monkeys with "airborne Ebola" repeatedly over the substantial periods of time, it didn't seem to occur to anyone to test the facility workers for Ebola antibodies for over a year after the initial Reston incident.
	www.thenetnet.com /readme/hunter.html (1005 words)

	Brief Ebola General History
		The first outbreak of Ebola (Ebola-Sudan) infected over 284 people, with a mortality rate of 53%.
		A few months later, the second Ebola virus emerged from Yambuku, Zaire, Ebola-Zaire (EBOZ).
		EBOZ, with the highest mortality rate of any of the Ebola viruses (88%), infected 318 people.
	www.stanford.edu /group/virus/filo/history.html (164 words)

	UN Foundation: Americans at the UN
		There, he worked in CDC-supported activities aimed at strengthening capacity in surveillance of infectious diseases and their control, with special emphasis on the childhood immunizable diseases, African haemorrhagic fevers, pox viruses and malaria.
		While based in Africa Dr Heymann participated in the investigation of the first outbreak of Ebola in Yambuku (former Zaire) in 1976, then again investigated the second outbreak of Ebola in 1977 in Tandala, and in 1995 directed the international response to the Ebola outbreak in Kikwit.
		Prior to 1976, D.r Heymann spent two years in India as a medical officer in the WHO Smallpox Eradication Program.
	www.unfoundation.org /features/americans_at_the_un/david_heymann_bio.asp (422 words)

	REAPPRAISING AIDS IN AFRICA
		As proof that these "AIDS symptoms" were sexually transmitted, McCormick and Fisher-Hoch point to a narrow survey conducted by Kevin DeCock, another CDC epidemiologist.
		In 1986, DeCock examined stored blood samples taken in 1976 (for Ebola virus testing) of 600 residents of the small town of Yambuku, in northern Zaire.
		DeCock further noted that antibody tests conducted in 1986 showed that the HIV prevalence in Yambuku had remained constant at 0.8% during the ten years since 1976.
	www.oikos.org /aids/aidsafrica.htm (3972 words)

	[No title]
		Consequently, "the error rate is one million fold greater than that of DNA based systems," says Timothy Nichol, one of Sanchez's co-authors.
		To find out how Ebola's penchant for mutation plays out in the real world, the CDC researchers compared the Ebola strain captured from the 1976 outbreak in Kikwit, Zaire, to one taken from the 1995 outbreak in Yambuku, Zaire.
		Even though, the two epidemics occurred more than 1,000 kilometers apart, and the virus had 18 years to mutate, the genetic sequences of the two isolates of Ebola-Zaire are virtually identical.
	www.sciencedigest.org /EBOLA.HTM (1134 words)

	Traveljournals.net - Yambuku, Zaire - Location on world map, coordinates and short facts
		Traveljournals.net - Yambuku, Zaire - Location on world map, coordinates and short facts
		/ Explore / Zaire / Locations / Yambuku
		Maps and coordinates for Yambuku, Zaire are approximative and not valid for navigation.
	www.traveljournals.net /explore/zaire/map/m2860053/yambuku.html (42 words)

	Sequence analysis of the GP, NP, VP40 and VP24 genes of Ebola virus isolated from deceased, surviving and ...
		The reference sequence of EBOV (Mayinga-76) and that of the Yambuku outbreak strain in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in 1976 are shown at the top.
		The reference sequence of EBOV (Mayinga-76) and that of the Yambuku outbreak strain in DRC are shown at the top.
		Amino acid changes between the reference sequence and Booué-96 are shaded in grey.
	vir.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/83/1/67 (3108 words)

	TED Case Study: Ebola and Trade
		There is also no knowledge of where this virus naturally resides, but it can travel fairly easily.
		The Ebola virus is named after the Ebola River in northern Zaire, which flows a short distance north of Yambuku, a small town where the first person in whom this virus was spotted lived.
		This case study will first describe Ebola's victims, the virus in particular, and responses to the virus.
	www.american.edu /projects/mandala/TED/ebola.htm (4506 words)

	HIV & AIDS - A Critical Reappraisal of African AIDS Research and Western Sexual Stereotypes
		As proof that these "AIDS symptoms" were sexually transmitted, McCormick and Fisher-Hoch relied on a narrow survey conducted by Kevin DeCock, another CDC epidemiologist.
		DeCock examined stored blood samples taken in 1976 (for Ebola virus testing) from 600 residents of the small town of Yambuku, in northern Zaire.
		As far as he was concerned, this meant that HIV - and thus AIDS - really did originate in Africa.
	www.virusmyth.com /aids/data/cgstereotypes.htm (8813 words)

	Subdesarrollo y estereotipos raciales.
		En 1986, DeCock examinó unas muestras de sangre almacenada de 1976 (para análisis del virus Ébola) de 600 habitantes de la ciudad de Yambuku, en el norte de Zaire.
		Las muestras de cinco pacientes (0,8%) dieron positivo al test de anticuerpos del VIH.
		DeCock advirtió además que los tests de anticuerpos realizados en 1986 demostraban que la prevalencia de VIH en Yambuku se mantuvo constante en el 0,8% durante los diez años transcurridos desde 1976.
	www.free-news.org /cgeshe02.htm (3823 words)

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