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Topic: Yamkhad

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	Yamkhad
		Yamkhad est le nom que portait le royaume amorrite d'Alep à l'époque paléo-babylonienne (2004-1595).
		Les rois du Yamkhad dominent les riches cités d'Emar, Ougarit, Alakhtum (Alalakh).
		Le premier roi du Yamkhad que l'on connaisse est Sumu-epukh, qui doit combattre contre le roi Ishkhi-Addu de Qatna allié à Samsi-Addu d'Ekallatum.
	www.all2know.com /fr/wikipedia/y/ya/yamkhad.html (620 words)

	Aleppo - by Carol Miller \|\| Syria Gate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Aleppo, or Halab, was known then as the capital of Yamkhad or Yamhad, a Canaanite kingdom, whose king received a statue of Ishtar from the king of Mari, as a sign of deference, to be displayed in the temple of Hadad in Kilasou.
		When Zimri-Lim, through a brilliant coup, recovered his throne, Shibtu was allowed considerable political and administrative responsibility, and with her entourage and descendents -- all women -- was inordinately influential in her Euphrates stronghold, in part because of the high regard of her husband for her royal family in Aleppo.
		The kingdom of Yamkhad, which played a key role in Near Eastern trade of the time, was obliged to reassess its political alliances.
	www.syriagate.com /Syria/about/cities/Aleppo/aleppo-cm.htm (3731 words)

	Yamkhad also written Jamhad was an ancient Syria Syrian kingdom... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Yamkhad also written Jamhad was an ancient Syria Syrian kingdom...
		"Yamkhad" (also written Jamhad) was an ancient Syria Syrian kingdom centered around Aleppo Aleppo.
		Its biggest rival was Qatna Qatna until it was destroyed by the Hittites.
	www.biodatabase.de /Yamkhad (79 words)

	Egypt Canaan and Israel in Ancient Times (Excerpt 13)
		Yamkhad, centered upon Aleppo in North Syria, was for its contemporaries the most powerful of all the Amorite kingdoms, deferred to by both Zimri-Lim of Mari and the famous Hammurabi of Babylon.
		Located athwart the major trade routes, Yamkhad could tap commerce coming from as far west as Cyprus and the Aegean and as far east as Iran.
		Qatanum, enjoying an optimum location on the upper Orontes in central Syria with access to the Mediterranean through the Eleutheros Valley, was the major power on Yamkhad's southern flank.
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /13.html (299 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Ebla to Damascus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Three great Amorite kingdoms were dominant: Yamkhad, Shubat Enlil and Mari.
		Yamkhad, with its capital at modern Aleppo, succeeded Ebla as the major power in the northwest region, while at Shubat Enlil in the Habur River area, the Amorite ruler, Shamshi-Adad, unified the cities of the northeastern plains.
		Despite rivalries among dynasties which led to frequent changes in leadership, Mari, too, grew in influence under its Amorite kings.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/198701/ebla.to.damascus.htm (1833 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Amorite kingdom of Yamkhad, central pf Aleppo, controlled many of the cities and towns in Northern Syria at the beginning of Syria but at the in1800 BC it was subject to pressures from the east from Mitanni and, eventually, the overall supremacy of the Hittites.
		The political separation of Turkey and Syria has brought a severing of much of Aleppo’s natural economic hinterland to the north.The small hill on which the citadel of Aleppo is located is a natural feature utilized as far back as the Amorite federation under Yamkhad before the Hittite conquest in the 16th century BC.
		The small hill on which the citadel is located is a natural feature utilized as far back as the Amorite federation under Yamkhad before the Hittite conquest in the 16th century BC.
	sahab-travel.com /tourist_info (4908 words)

	Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times
		The former prospect cultivated an interest in the south Ionian coast and Lycia; the latter directed Hittite attention to the lands of Syria beyond the Taurus Mountains and to Mesopotamia.
		The presence in north Syria of the rich and powerful kingdom of Yamkhad [centred at Aleppo of which Alalakh was a vassal state] may well have excited the cupidity of the Hittites -- they could scarcely have viewed Aleppo as a threat to their own security.
		His energetic successor, Mursilis I, was able to carry the strategy to a successful completion by destroying Aleppo and thus terminating the rule and existence of Yamkhad once and for all.....
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /22.html (484 words)

	archaeological mind: The Hittites. Part 2. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		However, the real subject of these tablets is Pithana’s son Anitta, who continued where his father left off and conquered several neighboring cities, including Hattusa and Zalpuwa (Zalpa).
		The founding of the Hittite Empire is usually attributed to Hattusili I, who conquered the plain south of Hattusa, all the way to the outskirts of Yamkhad (modern-day Aleppo) in Syria.
		Though it remained for his heir, Mursili I, to conquer that city, Hattusili was clearly influenced by the rich culture he discovered in northern Mesopotamia, and founded a school in his capital to spread the cuneiform style of writing he encountered there.
	www.enter-the-past.org /article/the-hittites-part-2 (660 words)

	Aleppo - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The site has been occupied from around 1800 BC, as recorded in the Hittite records.
		It grew as the capital of the kingdom of Yamkhad until the ruling Amorite Dynasty was overthrown around 1600 BC.
		The city remained under Hittite control until maybe 800 BC before passing through the hands of the Assyrians and the Persian Empire and being captured by the Greeks in 333 BC, when Seleucus Nicator renamed the settlement Beroea.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Halab (1106 words)

	[No title]
		That this Abbael held the same sort of overlord statues as had Parattarna towards an underling whom he allowed to become ruler of Alalakh may be deduced from Mieroop's statement [0900]:
		King David had done the Yamkhad dynasty a great favour by his defeat of Hadadezer, son of Rekhob (i.e.
		Courville's explanation is useful because it covers the broad sweep of history from the era of the Dispersion from Babel, sweeping on past the Patriarchs and right down to the Yamkhad dynasty of interest above, thereby enabling for some biblico-historical perspective and cross-checking.
	www.specialtyinterests.net /the_mitannians.html (6179 words)

	Aleppo Info - Bored Net - Boredom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		History The site has been occupied from around 1800 BCE, as recorded in the Hittite records.
		It grew as the capital of the kingdom of Yamkhad until the ruling Amorite dynasty was overthrown around 1600 BCE.
		The city remained under Hittite control until maybe 800 BCE before passing through the hands of the Assyrians and the Persian Empire before being captured by the Greeks in 333 BCE, when Seleucus Nicator renamed the settlement Beroea.
	www.borednet.com /e/n/encyclopedia/a/al/aleppo.html (685 words)

	Notebook
		In north Syria the collapse of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt had meant, for the time being at least, local independence, and the city states such as Yamkhad, Ugarit and Aleppo enjoyed a century or so of unexampled prosperity.
		But the Hittite Old Kingdom was by now firmly established and, tempted perhaps by the wealth of the north Syrian towns, began to expand southwards.
		Hattusil led his forces through the passes of the Taurus range and seized Aleppo and Yamkhad, and soon after 1600 B.C. his successor Mursilis raided and sacked Babylon, so putting an end to the First Dynasty of Babylon which Hammurabi had made the supreme power of the Middle East.
	www.noteaccess.com /Texts/Woolley/1b.htm (1895 words)

	Hurrians - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		By 1725 BC they are found also in parts of northern Syria, such as Alalakh.
		The Hurrian city-state of Yamkhad (Aleppo) is recorded as struggling for this area with the early Hittite king Hattusilis I around 1650 BC; and around 1590 BC, Hurrians seized the coastal region of Adaniya from the Hittites and renamed it Kizzuwadna (later known as Cilicia).
		The Hurrian states apparently became a more politically prominent after being dominated by an elite of foreign rulers.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Hurrians (1061 words)

	Golden Target (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Though the city survived for another 600 years, it never regained its central role.
		It was sacked around 2000 BC and incorporated into the Kingdom of Yamkhad (Aleppo).
		After a new flowering under the hegemony of Yamkhad in the 18-17 century BC, a final blow was delivered by the Hittites in 1600 BC.
	www.goldentarget.com /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=40&Itemid=34 (384 words)

	Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Two other cities, Igakalis and Taskhiniya, remain unidentified, but Urshu, which Hattusilis besieged (probably unsuccessfully) on his return journey, is known to have been located on the Euphrates above Carchemish.
		Rather curious in this account is the absence of any reference to the important kingdom of Yamkhad (centred at Aleppo), of which Alalakh was a vassal state.
		For the rest of Hattusilis' reign, Aleppo apparently remained the principal power in North Syria, to whose armies and allies his own troops were to find themselves repeatedly opposed.
	idcs0100.lib.iup.edu /WestCivI/consider_too.htm (5123 words)

	Notebook
		A central or south Syrian origin then can be ruled out; the contemporary sculptures of the Mari school have nothing in common with it, and one can but conclude that it belongs to an independent school of art which must be called Hurri.
		But it has no antecedents and really no successors, unless we reckon as such a fine basalt head, now in the Louvre, found at Jabbul near Aleppo, which is perhaps two centuries later in date but, coming from the territory of the king of Yamkhad, whose capital Aleppo was, should also be a Hurri work.
		In the fifteenth century there is evidence, again from Alalakh, of a local school of sculpture.
	www.noteaccess.com /Texts/Woolley/6b.htm (2956 words)

	Orthodox Archdiocese of Aleppo-Syria
		Aleppo is located at the crossroads of great commercial routes and lies about 60 miles (100 km) distant from both the Mediterranean Sea (west) and the Euphrates River (east).The city's Arabic name, Halab, is of ancient Semitic origin and is first mentioned in texts at the end of the 3rd millennium BC.
		In the 18th century BC Halab was the capital of the Amorite kingdom of Yamkhad, and it subsequently came under Hittite, Egyptian, Mitannian, and again Hittite rule during the 17th-14th century.
		In succeeding centuries it achieved some independence as a Hittite principality.
	www.alepporthodox.org /02-en/03-archdiocese/intro_aleppo.htm (642 words)

	The Greatness That Was Babylon Excerpt 60)
		Ten or fifteen kings [of city-states] follow Hammurabi of Babylon, the same number follow Rim-Sin of Larsa, the same number follow Ibal-Piel of Eshnunna, the same number follow Amut-Piel of Qatna, and twenty kings follow Yarim-Lim of Yamkhad.....
		[This may be misleading but not so if we realize that this is primarily a history of the hegemony in southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) and not outlying regions such as the Kingdom of Yamkhad which was centered at Aleppo in Syria or Qatna (which was also in Syria).
		Eshnunna, although a Sumerian city-state in the proper sense of the word, was NE in the Diyala Valley area and was the centre of an independent kingdom of some size and importance]
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /60.html (1554 words)

	Thutmose I
		The importance of Yamkhad, as the other, more important Syrian town, is not in doubt.
		If Thutmose I is the alter ego of king David, the latters Syrian campaigns are most likely those spoken of in the Egyptian records.
		Following the Biblical scenario Yamkhad was a Syrian center of power and influence, the Egyptian Kadesh of the time of Thutmose III was Jerusalem and the Kadesh of the time of Ramses II was Carchemish on the banks of the Euphrates.
	www.specialtyinterests.net /thutmose1.html (3271 words)

	Williams: ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORICAL PROBLEMS OF THE SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		At the end, the Hyksos are allied with Kush, while the Egyptians claim the friendship of the Aegeans—backed up by interconnections in royal jewelry.
		The Hittites have descended from the mountains to destroy Yamkhad, and then march all the way to Babylon.
		A thesis was, and is, that these events were not isolated or coincidental, but parts of larger geo-political and cultural changes that embraced not localities or districts, but all of the regions and states from the Aegean to the Zagros and Anatolia to Sudan.
	oi.uchicago.edu /OI/DEPT/RA/BBW/BBWIntro.html (990 words)

	Hittites, Philistines, Patriarchs
		Ian Hutchesson wrote: > How the Hittites got entangled in Jewish cultural history is quite a > mystery.
		They never had holdings in Palestine but might have had nominal > tutelage -- be it unlikely -- of the entire zone through their annexation of > the kingdom of Yamkhad in northern Syria (one wonders if Yamkhad's influence > ever got south of Hama).
		Whatever the case, the Hittites lost their control > of Yamkhad to the Mitanni, so it is unimaginable that Abraham could have > bought a cave from any Hittites.
	lists.ibiblio.org /pipermail/b-hebrew/1999-January/001011.html (828 words)

	[No title]
		The kings of this dynasty were - like Zimri-Lim the grandfather of Ben-Hadad, who had close connections with Iarim Lim of Yamkhad [6200] - originally from western Syria; hence their western Semitic names.
		There is a suspicious similarity of names in Hammurabi's ancestor, Sumuabum, and an ancestor of Hammurabi of Yamkhad (c.1760 BC) - a contemporary of Hammurabi the Great - Sumu'epuh.
		With early names from the Hammurabian dynasty (Sumu'epuh and Hammurabi) found in Yamkhad, and later names found as rulers of Hurri, we can conclude that the Hammurabic Amorites ruled from Yamkhad to the borders of Assyria.
	www.specialtyinterests.net /el_amarnas_mesopotamians.html (8229 words)

	Abati
		Vi appartenne quel ghibellino Bocca che, come ricorda Dante, corrotto dai Senesi provocò la sconfitta dei guelfi fiorentini a Montaperti (1260).
		Abba'el - re amorreo di Yamkhad dal 1750 ca.
		Il suo regno, con capitale Aleppo, dominava la Siria sett.
	www.itstoria.net /storia/Abati-234.html (379 words)

	Foresee of Syria - Artemis Travel
		It remains a popular city for tourists who like to visit the Citadel and the Middle East’s longest covered souk.
		Capital of the Amorite Kingdom of Yamkhad at the 2nd millennium BC.
		It was taken over by the Hittites in 1595 BC and became later a key point on the major caravan road across Syria to Mesopotamia
	www.artemistravel-sy.com /en/foresee.htm (2725 words)

	Yamkhad - Free net encyclopedia
		[{{fullurl:Template:FULLPAGENAMEaction=edit}} Start the Yamkhad article] or add a request for it.
		[[Wiktionary:Template:FULLPAGENAMEELook for Yamkhad]] in Wiktionary, our sister dictionary project.
		[[Commons:Template:FULLPAGENAMEELook for Yamkhad]] in the Commons, our repository for free images, music, sound, and video.
	www.netipedia.com /index.php/Yamkhad (155 words)

	InfoHub - Aleppo Citadel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		October 10th, 2004 02:28 AM Aleppo Citadel, Syria
		The small hill on which the citadel is located is a natural feature utilised as far back as the Amorite federation under Yamkhad before the Hittite conquest in the 16th century BC.
		The earliest remains unearthed, however, relate to religious, not military, use - two lions carved out of basalt, part of a Neo-Hittite temple of the 10th century BC.
	www.infohub.com /forums/printthread.php?t=223 (231 words)

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