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Topic: Yang Shangkun

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	The Jamestown Foundation
		This trend is reflected in the CMC vice-chairmanships of Yang Shangkun, Liu Huaqing and Zhang Zhen.
		Yang was also President of China and Liu, Commander of the PLA Navy (PLAN); both held elite status in the Party.
		Yang was a veteran of the Long March with extensive military experience, although no longer an active duty PLA officer.
	www.jamestown.org /print_friendly.php?volume_id=422&issue_id=3969&article_id=2371789 (1519 words)

	News Briefs II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Former Chinese President Yang Shangkun, a once-powerful army general purged earlier this decade by the late Deng Xiaoping, died Monday in Beijing at 91, state media reported.
		Despite his advanced age, Yang was the most vigorous among the "eight immortals," a group of powerful party elders whose few surviving members have had little to do in recent years aside from occasionally offering advice.
		Fearing that the Yang clan might scuttle his plans to have Communist Party Secretary Jiang Zemin succeed him after his death, paramount leader Deng Xiaoping stripped the two brothers of their party posts and reshuffled a number of military commanders affiliated with them in 1992.
	www-tech.mit.edu /V118/N41/shorts2.40w.html (475 words)

	Reuters-980914
		A ranking general, Yang had played a crucial role in suppressing pro-democracy demonstrations that swept China in the spring of 1989 and posed the gravest threat to the Communist Party since the revolution in 1949.
		Yang Baibing was dumped as secretary general of the military commission the same year that his elder brother was shunted aside from the presidency in 1993.
		Born in 1907 in the southern province of Sichuan to a relatively prosperous family, Yang became a member of the Communist Youth League at the age of 18 and took part in the student movement in Sichuan and Shanghai.
	www.taiwansecurity.org /Reu/Reuters-980914.htm (719 words)

	Old Soldier May Take Deng's Mantle [Free Republic]
		Yang was the only member of the group of Chinese elders who had the same combination of longstanding military and political connections as Mr.
		Yang and purge the military of his influence, and that of his younger half-brother, Gen. Yang Baibing, has been one of the enduring mysteries of China's succession struggle.
		Yang sought to broker the return of Zhao Ziyang, the Communist Party leader ousted in 1989 over his refusal to send the tanks and machine gunners against unarmed democracy demonstrators in Tiananmen Square.
	www.freerepublic.com /forum/a37a4dfc9026f.htm (1261 words)

	Wikipedia: Yang
		Yang is the one of the two opposing forces in Chinese philosophy, it associates with the bright Sun, represents masculine nature.
		Yang is the transliteration of Chinese family name 楊, also spelt as Yeung, which means poplar literally.
		Yang Guozhong, a politician and Yang Guifei's brother
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/y/ya/yang.html (89 words)

	Asiaweek.com
		ex-vice chairman of the Central Military Commission YANG SHANGKUN, 92, of an undisclosed illness in Beijing on Sept. 14.
		A companion of Mao Zedong, Yang was one of the "eight immortals" of the Chinese revolution.
		Yang later fell out with Deng Xiaoping and went into enforced retirement in 1993.
	www.pathfinder.com /asiaweek/98/0925/feat7.html (313 words)

	The Epoch Times \| Anything for Power: The Real Story of China’s Jiang Zemin — Chapter 7
		At the Congress, Yang Baibing—who was Secretary of the CCP Central Committee’s Secretariat, Secretary General of the Military Commission, and Director of the military’s General Political Department—was the first to utter support of Deng.
		Yang was in fact initially reluctant to use military force to suppress the student demonstrators.
		Yang Baibing and Yang Shangkun first received the news of Deng’s hospitalization and called a meeting with forty-six high ranking army officers at the end of August in Beijing.
	english.epochtimes.com /news/5-7-20/30472.html (7402 words)

	World briefs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		BEIJING -- Former Chinese President Yang Shangkun, a once-powerful army general purged earlier this decade by the late Deng Xiaoping, died Monday in Beijing at 91, state media reported.
		Yang played a vital role in modernizing the army in the 1980s.
		Early in the pro-democracy student protests of 1989, Yang is said to have agreed with then-Premier Zhao Ziyang that the student movement was patriotic and well-intentioned, not a "counterrevolutionary rebellion," as the hard-liners tagged it.
	www.chron.com /content/chronicle/world/98/09/15/world-briefs15.2-0.html (634 words)

	AxisofLogic/ China
		He described a revealing conversation he had in 1998 with late Yang Shangkun, who had been president of the country in the spring of 1989.
		Yang agreed that the decision to send soldiers against demonstrators had been a mistake, according to the letter.
		"Yang said June 4 was the gravest error in the history of the party," the letter said.
	www.axisoflogic.com /cgi-bin/exec/view.pl?archive=124&num=5538 (459 words)

	Working Papers-The Names of Rectification
		Yang concludes his second point by citing Liu Shaoqi's summation on inner-Party struggle (one of the twenty-two rectification study documents) and by reflecting on comments raised at the forum which suggested the attacks on Wang Shiwei had gone far beyond the constraints on struggle laid down by Liu.
		Yang explains that the attacks have been warranted: "this is a struggle outside the party" and is not subject to the protection of Liu's rules (139).
		Yang tries to separate Wang Shiwei from the solution and instead place the contested meaning of "friendship" into the delegitimizing periphery of values associated with "selfishness" and "factionalism." Naturally, Yang describes proper friendship as "class love, comradely love, and the great love of collectivism" (143).
	www.iub.edu /~easc/resources/working_paper/noframe_7a_names.htm (13060 words)

	Dienstag, 22 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Yang was assigned in February to a position as head of the Red China News Service, the predecessor to the Xinhua news agency, and in March became deputy president of the Marxism Communist University founded by the Central Bureau for the Soviet Area.
		Yang became political commissar of the Third Army Corps of the Red Army in January 1934, and later in the month was elected an alternate member of the CCP Central Committee during the fifth plenary session of the CCP Sixth Central Committee.
		Yang Shangkun dedicated his life to the party cause and his death was a great loss to the party, the State and the people's army.
	www.phil-fak.uni-duesseldorf.de /oasien/china/service/bbc/980922.htm (14597 words)

	Yang Shangkun
		He was rehabilitated in 1978, elected to the Politburo in 1982, and served as state president 1988–93.
		As president, Yang played a key role, along with Deng Xiaoping, in ordering the June 1989 military crackdown against student pro-democracy demonstrators in Tiananmen Square, Beijing.
		His nephew, Yang Jianhua, commanded the highly disciplined 27th Group Army, which was brought in from Hebei province to suppress the ‘uprising’.
	www.tiscali.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0023951.html (312 words)

	Deng Completes Major Army Purge
		In one of the biggest shakeups in the history of the People's Liberation Army, Deng has stripped his longtime comrade-in-arms, President Yang Shangkun, and the president's half-brother, Gen. Yang Baibing, of their control of the military, and sidelined more than half of China's generals because they were believed to be loyal to the Yangs.
		Like Deng, Yang, 85, is one of the few remaining veterans of the historic Long March of 1934-35, which saved the fledgling Communist army.
		Although the purge of the Yangs' proteges was widely welcomed in the military, there is some concern about the level of discontent among those who have been removed, Western analysts said.
	www-tech.mit.edu /V113/N5/deng.05w.html (1321 words)

	AllRefer.com - Yang Shangkun Information
		By the early 1990s his personal links with so many key commanders in the People's Liberation Army (PLA) were so extensive that some Chinese had begun to dub the PLA, ‘the Yang Family Army’.
		The son of a wealthy Sichuan landlord Yang joined the CCP in 1926 and studied at the Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow between 1927 and 1930.
		A veteran of the Long March 1934–35 and the war against Japan 1937–45, Yang rose in the ranks of the CCP before being purged for alleged revisionism in the Cultural Revolution.
	www.allrefer.com /yang-shangkun (249 words)

	Yang - TheBestLinks.com - Nobel prize, PRC, Chinese family name, Tang dynasty, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Yang, Nobel prize, PRC, Chinese family name, Tang dynasty, Poplar, Jerry Yang...
		Yang Lu-ch'an (楊露禪, 1799-1872), whose family became the most well-known exponents of the Chinese martial art known as T'ai Chi Ch'uan.
		Yang is Experiment 502 in Lilo and Stitch: The Series.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Yang.html (185 words)

	Inside the Forbidden City
		The publication of ''The Tiananmen Papers'' is therefore significant, since it is the first attempt to analyze the events that occurred between early April and late June 1989 through intensive exploration of the Chinese Communist Party's side of the story.
		One of these, dated April 25, between Yang and Deng Xiaoping, the dominant party elder, has two corroborating sources, and can perhaps therefore be taken as a precise record of what took place.
		Yang Shangkun: We're just going to have to do everything we possibly can to beat corruption, to get rid of it.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/01/01/21/reviews/010121.21spencet.html (1507 words)

	Maoist Internationalist Movement Document
		Yang was one of the few people denounced as a capitalist- roader in power.
		Yang Shangkun and his son were directly responsible for the military crackdown in Tiananmen Square in 1989.
		END "Yang Shang-k'un is a traitor who has had illicit connections with foreign countries.
	www.etext.org /Politics/MIM/classics/text.php?mimfile=chekiangculturalrevolution2.txt (751 words)

	Falun Dafa Clearwisdom.net
		Yang Xiaozhi, Liu Guiying and Cao Likun were fired, and they have been deprived of their salaries to this day.
		Ji Shangkun and Yang Xuejun were on probation for two years, and charged a deposit of 5,000 Yuan.
		Yang Bailiang, Li Lijuan, Lin Guilan, Zou Likun, Zhu Qinghua, Gao Chunyan, Gai Guoqing, Liu Guili and Pu Hua, etc., were sent back to the service company, and their salary was withheld for two years.
	www.clearwisdom.net /emh/articles/2004/3/4/45719p.html (1031 words)

	Personal Profiles, September-October 1992 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Yang Shangkun, a veteran revolutionary and senior army leader, was elected President of the People's Republic of China at the First Session of the Seventh National People's Congress on April 8, 1988.
		Yang joined the Chinese Communist Youth League in 1925, and became a member of the Communist Party the following year.
		Yang became a senior officer in the Red Army in the 1930s.
	ppm.goinfo.com /Action/PPMMain.nsf/7a5103f95a842ceb862566510064dc20/146ea5276917f9fa862564e200743267 (3746 words)

	Graham's Other writings
		Top general Yang Shangkun, an old and trusted ally of Deng's, has been high profile in recent weeks, visiting the United States and meeting President Reagan and other officials.
		As Military Commission chairman, Yang would almost certainly be eligible for a seat on the politburo's standing committee.
		"Yang is no youngster, and putting him on the politburo standing committee would go against much of what they have said about rejuvenating the leadership," said a Western diplomat.
	www.earnshaw.com /other_writings/content.cfm?ID=203 (946 words)

	The Epoch Times \| Anything for Power: The Real Story of China’s Jiang Zemin — Chapter 9
		At this point in time Yang Shangkun, who had stepped down from power under pressure from Jiang Zemin and Zeng Qinghong, was still alive, though ninety-one.
		His brother, Yang Baibing, was not fully cut off from the military, despite having been stripped of military power.
		Both of the Yang brothers had by that time been forced out of the power game and Deng had since passed away, all of which had the effect of emboldening Jiang.
	www.theepochtimes.com /news/5-7-28/30717.html (6299 words)

	Making Waves, Carefully, on the Air in China
		He wanted to cover a visit to the United States by Yang Shangkun, the powerful military official who was deputy to the Chinese leader, Deng Xiaoping.
		Then he tried to help two friends caught in the crackdown: Wu, who was imprisoned for daring to report the massacre on state radio, and Su Xiaokang, a college classmate and dissident writer who fled into exile after police issued a warrant for his arrest.
		According to both friends, Liu returned to Beijing and persuaded Yang Shangkun, then China's president, to call the minister of public security and request Wu's release.
	www.washingtonpost.com /wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/18/AR2005091801597_pf.html (2809 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		He hasn't been seen nor heard of since May 19, when he apologized to the students for being "too late too late" in responding to their demands.
		In his place have emerged the irritable figure of Pre- mier Li Peng and the enigmatic one of General Yang Shangkun, president of China and a man I know very, very well.
		Yang Shangkun supported the arrangements for my Long March expedition and subsequent book and was extremely helpful in my journeys in 1987 and 1988.
	www.soc.cornell.edu /hayes-lexical-analysis/CornellCorpus2000/STDPROJS/MALCONT1.ASC (277 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Comrades Shangkun, Qiao Shi, and Qili all thought the reaction to the speech was good; Comrade Li Peng said it was a good job and that he would echo it when he met with the ADB representatives.
		In the first of what would be many similar instructions, on May 20 Yang Shangkun ordered that the soldiers should never turn their weapons on innocent civilians, even if provoked.
		Yang Shangkun: The fact that we're going to clear the square, restore order, and stop the turmoil in no way means that we're giving up on reform or closing our country off from the world.
	www.wellesley.edu /Polisci/wj/China/Tiananmen/tampapers.html (6251 words)

	Li Peng Speech Declares Martial Law
		During his address, video shows medium-length shots of Yang Shangkun, Qiao Shi, Hu Qili, Wang Zhen, and Yao Yilin seated, and pan shots of a conference hall with an audience of approximately 1,000 people.
		[Yang Shangkun] First of all, I fully support the report and the various demands that Comrade Li Peng has made on behalf of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau.
		[Yang Shangkun] Even the originally scheduled presentation of a wreath at the Monument of the People's Heroes could not be held.
	www.tsquare.tv /chronology/MartialLaw.html (2546 words)

	Yang Shangkun: biography and encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Yang Jianhua, Exception Handler: No article summary found.
		It was known that the Yang and his brother, Exception Handler: No article summary found.
		Yang Baibing, Exception Handler: No article summary found.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /ref/yang_shangkun (1123 words)

	WorldSecurityNetwork.com
		The most astonishing part of Jiang's appeal is his account of visiting Yang Shangkun in 1998.
		Yang, then retired, had been China's president in 1989 and those who were in Tiananmen on the night of May 19 remember his voice booming out of the loudspeakers in the middle of the night, warning the demonstrators that martial law had been declared and they were now in danger.
		"Yang indicated that the June 4 incident was one in which the Communist Party committed the most serious mistakes in its history," write Jiang.
	www.worldsecuritynetwork.com /showArticle3.cfm?article_id=9101 (1141 words)

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