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	Yangban Summary
		Yangban were the elite of Choson Korea (1392–1910), with characteristics of a hereditary aristocracy.
		Yangban were the Joseon Dynasty equivalent of the former Goryeo nobles who had been educated in both Buddhist and Confucian studies.
		Yangban ancestry can be traced through the Chokbo or the Korean equivalent of a family tree which is passed down in each family through the eldest son.
	www.bookrags.com /Yangban (670 words)

	Yangban - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Yangban were the Joseon Dynasty equivalent of the former Goryeo nobles who had been educated in both Buddhist and Confucian studies.
		The yangban were in fact modelled on the Ming dynasty Chinese bureaucrats which helped Korea proceed towards their golden age of scholarship and civilisation.
		Yangban ancestry can be traced through the Chokbo or the Korean equivalent of a family tree which is passed down in each family through the eldest son.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yangban (392 words)

	South Korea - Traditional Social Structure
		Yangban serving as officials could enrich themselves because they were given royal grants of land and had many opportunities for graft; but unemployed scholars and local gentry often were poor, a kind of "twilight elite" that was both feared and yet often mocked in peasant entertainments.
		In his satirical Tale of a Yangban, the writer Pak Chi-won (1737-1805) describes the life of a yangban, however poor, as one of enforced idleness, exacerbated by the need to maintain appearances.
		Below the yangban yet superior to the commoners were the chungin, a small group of technical and administrative officials.
	countrystudies.us /south-korea/35.htm (1126 words)

	[No title]
		The yangban became a discrete social class during the early years of Choson composed of the Koryo aristocracy and a few members of the rural elites.
		The definition of a yangban is also controversial, but in general you could say that those holding this status were eligible for the highest ranks of government service, they studied for exams, married among each other, and most significantly, they passed on their status to their offspring.
		Many of the yangban, especially those in the country side had fallen into poverty, partly because of prohibitions against yangban engagin in trade (but there were of course exceptions), so they could no longer command the same level of authority and respect.
	www.dpg.devry.edu /~akim/sck/chosun2.html (1344 words)

	infoKorea
		Claiming to have an ancestor of yangban ranking is a common practice in Korea today.
		The prestige of being accorded the yangban status stems from role of the yangban during the Choson dynasty.
		The term yangban centered around those who served in the, "officialdom, but included a large number of the social elite whose ties to the government bureaucracy were quite distant.
	myhome.shinbiro.com /~mss1/yangban.html (235 words)

	Image no. 155 \| Hongpaek Yangban (Red/White Aristocrat) from the Kosong Ogwangdae Mask Dance \| AskAsia.org
		Hongpaek Yangban (Red/White Aristocrat) from the Kosong Ogwangdae Mask Dance
		Hongpaek Yangban (Red/White Aristocrat) from the Kosong Ogwangdae Mask Dance
		Photograph of a Hongpaek Yangban (Red/White Aristocrat) mask from the Kosong Ogwangdae Mask Dance
	www.askasia.org /teachers/images/image.php?no=155 (88 words)

	2. Korea, 1800-1910. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Its social thrust was against yangban decadence and in favor of improving conditions for the poor masses of Korean farmers; it was also decidedly antiforeign and primarily rural.
		The Chinju Uprising erupted, led by a “fallen” yangban, and killed a number of particularly rapacious local officials.
		Many yangban lineages had become “fallen,” meaning they could no longer sustain their families' prerogatives.
	www.bartleby.com /67/1429.html (879 words)

	3. Korea, 1392-1800. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The hereditary literati class was known as the yangban, or “two orders,” because its members combined the civil and military functions of state control.
		These were yangban scholars of a moralistic bent, unlike the primarily scholar-official group of yangban who had been influential until then.
		This invention was not received happily by many yangban, because it made learning to read much easier and broke their control over learning solely in the more difficult literary Chinese language.
	www.bartleby.com /67/855.html (878 words)

	Yangban: Ri Chosen Shakai no tokken kaiso (Yangban: The Privileged Elite of Yi Korea) Pacific Affairs - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The yangban in Korea became almost Confucian fanatics, Miyajima holds, not because of genuine awe towards the Confucian tradition in China, but rather because Confucian terminology was such a powerful and effective way of justifying their hold over Korean society.
		The elites themselves described it by saying the role of the yangban was to "perform ceremonies and welcome guests." This was a way of saying they had to publicly uphold social values at the same time as they kept their personal network of contacts active.
		The richest of the yangban families could use their wealth to begin factories, banks and businesses, but they could no longer perpetuate themselves at will since Japanese-induced modernization, not Confucian-based symbols, held supreme value and since all of the key economic decisions were made by the Japanese occupiers.
	findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3680/is_199610/ai_n8756040 (821 words)

	North Korea Chosn Dynasty Social Structure
		In the strictest sense of the term, yangban referred to government officials or officeholders who had passed the civil service examinations, which tested knowledge of the Confucian classics and their neo-Confucian interpretations.
		The term yangban, first used during the Kory Dynasty (918-1392), literally means two groups, that is, civil and military officials.
		Below the yangban, yet superior to the commoners, were the chungin, a small group of technical and administrative officials.
	www.country-studies.com /north-korea/chosn-dynasty-social-structure.html (625 words)

	Spirit Fire
		Yangban were accorded the highest status at the time of the Yi Dynasty, and these three women make every effort to preserve the traditional of such a family through the years of Japanese occupation (1910 - 1945) and the introduction of western culture and values.
		The resentment, frustration and hatred resulting from the often secret and forbidden interactions between these two parts of society and the changing ambitions of different generations are the subject of the novel.
		The yangban struggle to maintain their dignity and position in society despite their human frailty and the turbulence of historical events, while the choenmin appear less sophisticated and detached, but able to act more freely as humans.
	www.hyo-shinna.com /Writings/Spirit_Fire/spirit_fire.html (707 words)

	Korean History - Late Choson Period
		The increase in the number of yangban had been the root cause of their impoverishment, as their land-holdings had to be divided equally among the sons at the least, and often among daughters as well, whether married or not.
		To reimburse the government, the yangban sold his status to a merchant, but the latter discarded it when he realized that the essence of yangban life was idleness, corruption and hypocrisy.
		The powerful yangban officials, through their marriage ties with the royal family, were able to ensure for themselves a firm grasp on political power; every important national policy formulated in the early 19thcentury was implemented for their interests alone.
	www.asianinfo.org /asianinfo/korea/history/late_choson_period.htm (6044 words)

	Asiana Airlines - Travel Planner : Travel Guide - GoCity (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In traditional yangban houses, the sarangbang was the main room of the sarangchae, where the head of the household lived and received guests in addition to taking meals, reading, contemplating, and engaging in artistic activities.
		The traditional yangban residence was divided into the 'inner' quarters used by women and the 'outer' quarters used by men.
		The roof shapes of yangban included the soseul jubung (a combination of a paljak jibung and a gabled roof), the paljak jibung (a /\ shaped roof), the ujingak jibung (a hipped roof) and the matbae jibung (a gabled roof).
	us.flyasiana.com /travelplanner/travelplanner_aboutkorea_lifestyle_residence.asp (1150 words)

	kim
		Haesu is a Korean woman of yangban status who is forced to abandon her homeland in the wake of the Japanese take-over and emigrates to America against her will.
		Though her yangbanism is profoundly challenged by her experience, she preserves that pride which is one of the principal features of yangbanism.
		The only condition for which Haesu breaks her yangban principle, dictating that women do not work outside the home and for money, is when she senses that those principles ultimately must be rooted in the soil of her homeland.
	www.palhbooks.com /kim.htm (7065 words)

	AllRefer.com - South Korea - Traditional Social Structure \| South Korean Information Resource
		Yangban serving as officials could enrich themselves because they were given royal grants of land and had many opportunities for graft; but unemployed scholars and local gentry often were poor, a kind of "twilight elite" that was both feared and yet often mocked in peasant entertainments.
		In his satirical Tale of a Yangban, the writer Pak Chi-won (1737-1805) describes the life of a yangban, however poor, as one of enforced idleness, exacerbated by the need to maintain appearances.
		A yangban could not, among other things, "poke and play with his chopsticks," "eat raw onions," or "puff hard on his pipe, pulling in his cheeks." Yet he exercised much arbitrary power in his own village.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/south-korea/south-korea63.html (1264 words)

	New Challenges, New Tactics
		The yangban involvement in the purge of 1545 had a significant impact on the Yi government and Choson politics.
		These young yangban bureaucrats, with the aid of their clans, controlled the administration of the village code, a mechanism that placed them in a stronger position with respect to the peasantry than that held by local officials appointed by the central government.
		Kim Hyo-won, a young yangban survivor of the purge of 1545 and leader of the young and progressive elements of the rural literati, was recommended for a position in the Board of Personnel.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Ket/C10/E1006.htm (1871 words)

	Asiana Airlines - Travel Planner : Travel Guide - GoCity (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the village, there are common people's houses from different parts of the country, an oriental medicine house, houses for the study of Chinese characters, a flsmith's house, a handicraft room, a pottery oven and a marketplace.
		Yangban refers to the noble class during the Joseon period (1392-1910).
		There is an inexpressible beauty as traditional yangban (aristocrat) class and straw thatched houses stand together in harmony with a fresh water stream and a lush green forest.
	us.flyasiana.com /travelplanner/travelplanner_sightseeing_folk.asp (802 words)

	Korean Architecture: Byeongsan Seowon (Pyongsan Sowon) Academy, Andong
		The ruling yangban supported Buddhism and benefitted from the Mongol domination, since their Mongols used the yangban's influence to keep the Goryeo kingdom weak and submissive.
		He nearly succeeded—so much so that the yangban decided to put their faith in the relative newcomer Yi Songgye, the commander of a powerful northeastern army, to overthrow the dynasty and replace it with one in their favor.
		As the first generation of educated yangban grew to maturity, the entire generation came to regard Neo-Confucianism as the foundation of civil society.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /andong/BYEONGSAN.htm (1889 words)

	New Challenges, New Beginnings
		It soon became a yangban's ultimate goal to reach a government protected position from which he could first take revenge upon his enemies and then seize their wealth.
		Cut off from the government as a source of income, many yangban dropouts from the struggle for power turned their attention to enlarging their estates and establishing local bases of power.
		Numerous yangban, both in and out of government service, as well as many members of collateral branches of the royal family took advantage of the confused postwar situation to become quite wealthy.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Ket/C13/E1302.htm (1529 words)

	Korea to 1875 by Sanderson Beck
		Social class was determined by the mother's status, and yangban children born from concubines usually fell into this growing middle class.
		The Chinju uprising of 1862 was led by yangban farmer Yu Kye-ch'un using bamboo spears against the rapacious army commander Paek Nak-sin.
		He was the son of a yangban but could not qualify for the exams because his mother was a peddler and had been married before.
	www.san.beck.org /3-10-Koreato1875.html (16754 words)

	[KS] KSR 2002-07: _The Origins of the ChosOn Dynasty_, by John B. Duncan
		It= was the structures put in place in the early KoryO period that led to the= development of the yangban aristocracy-a group whose interests were not= only opposed to those of the hyangni local elite (from whose ranks many of= the yangban originally sprang), but were increasingly at odds with royal= authority as well.
		In this situation, the forces of reform represented by= the powerful and ambitious Yi SOnggye were a magnet for the yangban not= because the latter were revolutionaries, but because they hoped to protect= the privileges to which their class had become accustomed.
		The problem for these yangban was that the KoryO political= system was designed to meet the needs of local elites who had become= accustomed to exercising influence and controlling resources in a state= that was not strongly centralized.
	koreaweb.ws /pipermail/koreanstudies_koreaweb.ws/2002-May/003229.html (1394 words)

	Yangban: The Cultural Life of the Chosôn Literati \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Toward the end of the Chosôn dynasty, the grievances and protests of large numbers of discontented or "fallen" yangban, especially those residing outside of the capital city of Hanyang (present-day Seoul), would erode the core of yangban society.
		An important aspect of the Confucian life was the rigorous observance of rites and rituals, particularly the four rites of capping, wedding, funeral, and ancestor worship.
		Many in the yangban class were accomplished artists, practicing calligraphy and ink painting, traditionally the two media considered most appropriate for literati.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/yang/hd_yang.htm (852 words)

	moviech01
		Yangban is a distinctive social class in Chosun dynasty (1392-1910).
		In Chosun dynasty, at the cabinet meeting, a king sat in the front center, civil officers stood in rank at the east side from the king, and military officers stood at the west side.
		At the first time, yangban was used only to call both sides officers, but later, this term was changed to designate yangban families as a social class as yangban's positions tended to be handed down to their descendants.
	www.geocities.com /ksamchoi/moviech01.html (242 words)

	KoreaWatch.ORG Editor's Blog (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The next day when the yangban brings his wife to see the tree, she notices that the rice cakes are tied to the tree with string.
		The yangban is shocked speechless, but the wood cutter tells him not to worry, that he will bring her back to life.
		In the story the Yangban's biggest flaw is his desire to have that which common sense would tell him is not possible, but having been denied it by his neo-Confucianist education and study.
	home.comcast.net /~koreaw (5437 words)

	[No title]
		As some yangban sought control of tax-free school land, the number of private schools quadrupled during the 17th century alone, multiplying the school estates which sheltered an increasing number of literati and students.
		Conservative yangban branded them as heretics, but the time was ripe for the rise of a new school of thought committed to criticism of the traditional order.
		The increase in the number of yangban had been the cause of their impoverishment, as their land-holdings had to be divided equally among the sons at the least, and often the daughter too, whether married or not.
	www.pennfamily.org /KSS-USA/hist-map7.html (5091 words)

	Flying Yangban
		Tuesday, September 18, 2007 in The Yangban's life
		I might do a piece on the alleged Syria-NK nuke connection for the Korea Times.
		Friday, May 11, 2007 in The Yangban's life
	gopkorea.blogs.com /flyingyangban (566 words)

	Frog in a Well - The Korea History Group Blog
		Western visitors to Korea are struck by the idleness and corruption of the Yangban class.
		The unenlightened state and aversion to any form of physical labor among the Yangban is seen by most as one of the central obstacles to civilization in Korea.
		As with many of these observers, they seem to think that the mastery and memorization of a text, without any regard for content or the virtues it espouses, is all there is to the long exegetic tradition and Confucian education.
	www.froginawell.net /korea/2005/11/early-western-perceptions-part-ii-education-and-the-yangban-class (974 words)

	[No title]
		But he was seized with leprosy due to the accumulated sins and faults of his ancestors, and became the social outcast.
		The Yangban used to deal with the common people inhospitably and enjoy all social benefits and privileges as the noble class in the Choson dynasty.
		Hence, the Malttugi very severely satirizes and criticizes the Yangban’s status and character, and then the five Yangbans submit to him.
	www.maskdance.com /2002/english/sub3/body2_11.htm (488 words)

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