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Topic: Yarmuk

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	Yarmuk - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Yarmuk, river, c.50 mi (80 km) long, rising near the Jordan-Syria border and flowing generally W to the Jordan River, S of the Sea of Galilee.
		The East Ghor Canal branches from the Yarmuk to irrigate the E Ghor region of the Jordan valley.
		An Iraqi carries a boy at Yarmuk hospital after he was wounded...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Yarmuk.html (479 words)

	Russia, Terrorism, Islamic Extremism - JRL 10-14-05
		Much of the responsibility for the rise of Yarmuk must be borne by the longtime leader of Kabardino-Balkaria, Valery Kokov, who tolerated no political or religious dissent in the mostly Muslim republic.
		Yarmuk, which consists mostly of ethnic Balkars, launched its first attack in Kabardino-Balkaria in August 2004 when it ambushed policemen in the republic's Chegem district.
		The leader of Yarmuk, Muslim Atayev, was killed during the storming of an apartment in Nalchik in January 2005, but his organization has continued to operate, periodically staging attacks under the leadership of his successor, Rustam Bekanov.
	www.cdi.org /russia/Johnson/9267-3.cfm (1092 words)

	Yarmuk River
		The Yarmuk begins on a lava plateau in Syria, and cuts through lava surface over a limestone plateau.
		The climate around the river is average for Syria and Jordan, and the vegetation is dominated by short grass and shrub.
		Water from the Yarmuk is used for irrigation of the part of the Jordan River valley which is under Jordan's control.
	i-cias.com /e.o/uyarmuk_r.htm (136 words)

	Khalid bin Al-Waleed: The Sword of Allah
		Early historians do not say precisely where the Battle of Yarmuk was fought, and as a result, a dispute has arisen among later writers on this point.
		Some have given the battle-front as the Yarmuk River itself; others have put it a little south of the Yarmuk; yet others have placed it east of the Yarmuk.
		Moreover, the Wadi-ur-Raqqad is too far from the plain east of the Yarmuk (over 20 miles from where the Roman left wing would be) for Khalid to turn the Roman, left, defeat the Roman army in position, herd the Romans into the Raqqad and then destroy them, all in a one-day counter-offensive.
	www.swordofallah.com /html/appendixbpage8.htm (592 words)

	Battle of Yarmouk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Yarmouk (also spelled Yarmuk, Yarmuq or Hieromyax) took place between the Muslims and the Byzantine Empire in 636.
		It is considered by some historians to have been one of the most significant battles in the history of the world, since it marked the first great wave of Muslim conquests outside Arabia, and heralded the rapid advance of Islam into Christian Palestine, Syria and Mesopotamia.
		Yarmuk 636 A.D., The Muslim Conquest of Syria, David Nicolle; Osprey Campaign Series #31, Osprey Publishing, 1994.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Yarmuk (579 words)

	Bible Study - The Yarmuk River
		The Yarmuk River is a major tributary of the Jordan River (see The Jordan Valley).
		Their junction is located on the east side of the Jordan, about 4 miles / 6 kilometers south of The Sea Of Galilee.
		Although not mentioned specifically by name in The Bible, in Bible History the Yarmuk River was located within the assigned territory of the eastern half of the tribe of Manasseh (see Tribal Lands and Bible Places).
	www.keyway.ca /htm2000/20000320.htm (148 words)

	Military History Online
		Not yet the incredibly organized themal military of later days, nor the nearly unstoppable legions of the past, the East Roman army of 636 was still one of the most professional military forces on the Earth.
		The Battle of Yarmuk took place from the 15th-20th of August, 636 A.D. After years of raids, skirmishes, counterattacks, and negotiations the assembled armies of the East Roman Empire and the Islamic Caliphate met on the field of battle.
		With their overwhelming victory on the battlefield of Yarmuk the Muslim army faced only small garrison units in the immediate future.
	www.militaryhistoryonline.com /muslimwars/articles/yarmuk.aspx (2605 words)

	THE BELGRAVIA DISPATCH: Thoughts on Nalchik
		The Yarmuk Jamaat is of the latter type, having been formed in 2002 from Balkar followers of Chechen warlord Ruslan Gelayev in the Pankisi Gorge.
		The reference to Yarmuk as non-Wahhabi (Russian insistence to the contrary) is somewhat curious, as Gelayev himself was a Wahhabi (abeit of a more moderate variety than Basayev) and he certainly fell in with the Wahhabi-controlled Chechen enclave in Georgia's Pankisi Gorge prior to his death at the hands of the Russian military.
		That all said, nothing can excuse the horrific actions of Yarmuk, particularly since the majority Muslim population of Nalchik (particularly those who just happened to be at the store, the airport, or the school on the day in question) weren't occupying anything except perhaps their town.
	www.belgraviadispatch.com /archives/004811.html (7560 words)

	Saudi Aramco World : Whither the Weather (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The battle, which took place on the Yarmuk River near the Golan Heights in southern Syria, pitted the armies of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius against thousands of Muslim Arabs, and the outcome - a resounding Arab victory - reshaped the known world.
		Eventually the victory at Yarmuk also opened the eastern Mediterranean to the Umayyad dynasty, led to the conquest of Spain and, still later, to three sieges of the greatest Christian city: Constantinople.
		Yet for all the brilliance of the Arab commanders at Yarmuk and the heroism of the Islamic warriors, a key factor in the battle of the Yarmuk River was a change in the weather.
	www.saudiaramcoworld.com /issue/197805/whither.the.weather.htm (2969 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Al-Baladhuri: The Battle Of The Yarmuk (636)
		Medieval Sourcebook: Al-Baladhuri: The Battle Of The Yarmuk (636)
		In the face of the Muslim expansion, the Byzantine emperor Heraclius gathered a large army which met the Muslim army at the Battle of the Yarmuk in Syria on 20 August 636.
		It was a crushing victory which gave Syria to the Muslims.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/yarmuk.html (1124 words)

	ISN Security Watch - Southern Russian rebels attack anti-drug force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The attack was the second claimed by Yarmuk, which said it had killed two policemen in Nalchik in September.
		In its latest statement, Yarmuk blamed Kabardino-Balkaria's law enforcers for stimulating the growth in the number of drug addicts in the republic, saying that sharia (Islamic law) demanded the death penalty for drug dealers.
		According to Russian media, Yarmuk members facilitated the movement and provided refuge for most-wanted warlord Shamil Basaev in their republic last year and participated in the planning and preparation of several suicide bombings by the female Chechen rebels.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /news/sw/details.cfm?id=10371 (552 words)

	Jordan River Dispute
		The Yarmuk River floods every winter in Jordan, but the water is not caught and runs off; which means 100 to 240 mcm/yr of water goes to waste.(30) Political cooperation with Israel is important because the Sea of Galilee is entirely within its border.
		This is clearly illustrated with Israel s lack of interest in the Yarmuk Diversion Project because of political reasons, regardless of the water benefits for Israel and Jordan.
		The Yarmuk River divides Jordan and Syria and flows to the Jordan River ten kilometers below the Sea of Galilee, in the Golan Heights.
	www.american.edu /ted/ice/westbank.htm (5585 words)

	ISN Security Watch - Russian police kill 7 religious extremists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		According to police reports, among the dead was Muslim Ataev, the leader of the Yarmuk religious extremist group, which has claimed responsibility for several high-profile murders of law enforcement officials in the southern Russian republic of Kabardino-Balkaria, where Nalchik is the capital.
		The hunt for Ataev and other Yarmuk members began last month when four officers of the republican drug-enforcement unit were killed and more than 250 firearms were stolen from the unit's premises in Nalchik.
		Earlier this week, police were tipped off that several Yarmuk members were renting two flats in an apartment building on the outskirts of Nalchik.
	www.isn.ethz.ch /news/sw/details_print.cfm?id=10663 (396 words)

	Treaty between the United States of America and Mexico relating to the waters of the Rio Grande (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		(e) "Joint dam and reservoir" means the dam on the river Yarmuk for the collection of the water and the reservoir for its storage to be constructed.
		Syria shall undertake to furnish the necessary assistance and facilities to enable personnel employed on the scheme to enter Syrian territory and to carry out duties connected with the scheme within the framework of its regulations at all stages of the work until its completion.
		Both Governments recognize the importance of the Yarmuk scheme and the expediency of its joint use for the benefit of the two countries, and to this end agree, to assign it a high priority among their projected schemes.
	www.internationalwaterlaw.org /RegionalDocs/Syria-Jordan.htm (1740 words)

	Yarmuk AD 636 — www.greenwood.com
		Description: The battle of Yarmuk was the single most crushing blow suffered by the Byzantine Empire until the battle of Manzikert in 1071.
		The Byzantines were initially successful, driving back the Arab right wing and attacking one of the camps containing the women and families.
		An analysis of the differing performances of the two armies at Yarmuk, and a look at the battlefield today completes this interesting examination of one of the key battles in the history of the Middle East.
	www.greenwood.com /catalog/C8833.aspx (240 words)

	Az-Zubayr and Yarmuk: The Man Worth 1000 Fighters - Ilm Fruits
		Az-Zubayr and Yarmuk: The Man Worth 1000 Fighters
		In the battle of Yarmuk, where the Muslims fought 100 000+ Roman soldiers, Az-Zubayr fought the army himself.
		To encourage the Muslims, he stood in front of them and said “who will pledge to go and fight to the death?” so a group stepped forward, and they’d go and fight.
	www.ilmfruits.com /az-zubayr-and-yarmuk-the-man-worth-1000-fighters (559 words)

	Cascon Case YJW: Yarmuk/Jordan Waters 1948- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Water issues were at the root of the 1967 war during which Israel was able to gain military control of sections of the headwaters [see AIW].
		US diplomacy in the early 1980's sought Israeli and Jordanian cooperation to support a Jordanian dam on the Yarmuk to be built on the boundary between Syria and Jordan.
		The 1987 treaty between Syria and Jordan permitted Syria to construct small earth dams along streams feeding the Yarmuk river in return for Syrian support of the so-called Unity Dam.
	web.mit.edu /cascon/cases/case_yjw.html (270 words)

	Steve Quayle News Alerts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Jamaat Yarmuk was set up by one of field commander Ruslan Gelayev's comrades-in-arms, Muslim Atayev, who was known as Seyfullah.
		This group is thought to have been involved in blasts of residential buildings in Moscow in 1999, attacks against the Ingush village of Galashki in 2002 and the Kabarda-Balkaria Drug Control Directorate in December 2004.
		According to the president of the Russian Institute for religion and politics, Aleksandr Ignatenko, Jamaat Yarmuk is one of the cells of the international terrorist network which adheres to Wahhabism.
	www.stevequayle.com /News.alert/05_Unrest/051014.Wahhabis.html (285 words)

	Amazon.com: Yarmuk AD 636: The Muslim conquest of Syria (Campaign): Books: David Nicolle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The battle of Yarmuk in 636 was a turning point in history.
		I find it odd that most military historians omit the Battle of Yarmuk in their descriptions of great battles.
		It was the crucial struggle that permitted the outnumbered Muslims (12,000 Muslims vs 80,000 Byzantines)to take Syria from the Byzantines, was titanic in scale and lasted several days.
	www.amazon.com /Yarmuk-AD-636-conquest-Campaign/dp/1855324148 (1454 words)

	USATODAY.com - Militants barricaded in Russian house (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The suspects were holed up inside a second floor apartment in Nalchik, the capital of the Kabardino-Balkariya region, in the latest in a series of confrontations between law enforcement authorities and extremists in the volatile North Caucasus region, which includes Chechnya.
		The Yarmuk group was blamed in a December 2004 attack on an office belonging to the Federal Drug Control in Nalchik, when raiders killed four of the agency's employees, looted its arsenal and set the office ablaze.
		Russia's southern provinces have been plagued by a spillover of violence from Chechnya, including the September school hostage-taking in the city of Beslan in which some 330 people were killed.
	www.usatoday.com /news/world/2005-02-19-russia-militants_x.htm (475 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		The Kabardino-Balkar djamaat was headed by Musa Mukozhev and Anzor Astemirov, both of whom were reportedly close to Nakhushev, whose institute served as a center for debate among Islamic scholars both from within the KBR and elsewhere.
		Politkovskaya claimed in her article that, at least until last year, the Kabardino-Balkar djamaat simply sought freedom of worship, in contrast to similar organizations in Chechnya and Ingushetia whose members aspire to an independent Islamic state in the North Caucasus.
		And both Mukozhev and Astemirov were identified as suspects in last December's armed raid, for which Yarmuk claimed responsibility, on the Federal Anti-Narcotics Service in Nalchik, and early this year they both went underground.
	www.rferl.org /reports/caucasus-report/2005/11/40-141105.asp (1213 words)

	Withdrawal from the Golan Heights = Deadly for the Kinneret (ACRI) June, 2000
		It has diverted half of the Jordanian allotment, and has used the "Yarmuk Faucet" as a tool for political flmail.
		In 1975 Syria and Iraq were on the verge of war because of a broken agreement on the supply of the Euphrates water by Syria to Iraq.
		Israel further relies on Yarmuk waters to reduce salinity in the Sea of Galilee and to recharge its aquifers via its National Water Carrier."(Dr. Joyce Starr, Middle East Water Covenant, Holt, New York, 1995, p.
	www.freeman.org /m_online/jun00/acri.htm (622 words)

	Middle East Online
		BAGHDAD - At least four Iraqis were killed in attacks Thursday amid a wave of violence that has left dozens killed over the past few days as US-led forces continued their battle against insurgents.
		Two Iraqis were killed and four wounded when a suicide car bomb exploded outside a police station in western Baghdad, the US military said.
		An Iraqi woman was among the dead in the blast at the Yarmuk police station but the military said no US soldiers or Iraqi security personnel were hurt.
	www.middle-east-online.com /english/?id=11917 (489 words)

	The conquest of Syria
		Theodore, his brother, led the huge army and proceeded to Waqusah, some 40 miles to the south of Yarmuk, a tributary of the Jordan.
		Muslim historians estimate that between 100,000 and 120,000 enemy troops died at Yarmuk.
		As for Abu Sufyan, whose loud voice had urged many a Muslim to war, he had one of his eyes pierced by an arrow, which was pulled out by a skilled man called Abu Hathmah.
	www.witness-pioneer.org /vil/Books/RJ_AbuBakr/Chapter5.htm (1541 words)

	Yarmuk 636 AD - by DAVID NICOLLE
		In 636 AD, after protracted skirmishing and minor engagements the Arab and Byzantine armies faced each other on the banks of the Yarmuk river.
		The Byzantines were initially successful, driving back the Arab right wing.
		David Nicolle not only looks at the battle itself but also the whole decisive Arab campaign - from the Muslim invasion of 633/4 to the fall of Byzantine Syria.
	www.motorbooks.com /ProductDetails_8439.ncm (202 words)

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