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Topic: Yarrow algorithm

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	Yarrow algorithm
		The Yarrow algorithm is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator.
		It was designed by Bruce Schneier, John Kelsey[?], and Niels Ferguson of Counterpane Labs[?], and described in the 1999 paper Yarrow-160: Notes on the Design and Analysis of the Yarrow Cryptographic Pseudorandom Number Generator presented at the Sixth Annual Workshop on Selected Areas in Cryptography, Springer Verlag, August 1999.
		The name is taken from the yarrow plant, the stalks of which are dried and used as a randomising agent in I Ching divination.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ya/Yarrow_algorithm.html (120 words)

	Yarrow
		Yarrow is a flowering plant with distinctive flat flowerheads and lacy leaves.
		Yarrow is a PRNG; it generates cryptographically secure pseudorandom numbers on a computer.
		Yarrow is superior to the past ad hoc PRNGs that have been easily compromised.
	www.counterpane.com /yarrow.html (335 words)

	Yarrow algorithm: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		...Yarrow algorithm Yarrow algorithm The Yarrow algorithm is a cryptographically...in the 1999 paper Yarrow-160: Notes on the Design and Analysis of the Yarrow Cryptographic...Sixth Annual Workshop on Selected Areas in Cryptography, Springer Verlag, August 1999.
		See also: River Yarrow and Yarrow algorithm Yarrow Scientific classification Kingdom : Plantae Division :...millefolium Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is a common herb found throughout North America...
		The Yarrow algorithm is explicitly unpatented, royalty-free and no license is required to use it.
	www.encyclopedian.com /ya/Yarrow-algorithm.html (234 words)

	Yarrow
		Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) is a common herb found throughout North America and Europe.
		The stalks of yarrow are dried and used as a randomising agent in I Ching divination.
		The English name Yarrow comes from the Saxon and Dutch words 'Gearwe' and 'Yerw' respectively.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ya/Yarrow.html (139 words)

	List of all algorithms, classified by purpose
		It is a general-purpose algorithm that is simpler than the number field sieve and the fastest for integers under 100 decimal digits.
		Iterative algorithm for the numerical solution of systems of linear equations, whose matrix is symmetric and positive definite.
		Algorithm to allocate memory such that fragmentation is less.
	www.scriptol.org /list-of-algorithms.html (2687 words)

	Yarrow Stick Algorithm
		It is generally recognized that the "yarrow stick method" is one of the true cornerstones of Chinese oracular sciences.
		In most descriptions of the algorithm, the numerical values of these three changes were added together, giving a sum between 6 and 9.
		Since the algorithm depends on large numbers to maintain randomness, decreasing the size of the bundle is a serious concern.
	www2.bitstream.net /~bunlion/QChing/yarrow.html (2928 words)

	The-Gardening-Zone: Yarrow plant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The character is taken from the yarrow plant, the stalks of which are dried and used as a randomising riches in I Ching divination.
		Yarrow (Achellia millefolium) This lovely lasting weed is grown in many herb gardens for it has a army of uses.
		Yarrow oil is antibacterial, pain-relieving, and incredibly outgoing in healing all types of wounds.
	www.the-gardening-zone.com /Wood-Fencing/Yarrow-Plant.htm (2431 words)

	News \| TimesDaily.com \| TimesDaily \| Florence, AL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Encryption algorithms which use the same key for both encryption and decryption are known as symmetric key algorithms.
		A newer class of "public key" cryptographic algorithms was discovered in the 1970s which use a pair of keys, one to encrypt and one to decrypt.
		When a password (or passphrase) is used as an encryption key, well-designed cryptosystems first run it through a key-derivation algorithm which adds salt and reduces or expands it to the key length desired, for example by reducing a long phrase into a 128-bit value suitable for use in a block cipher.
	www.timesdaily.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=key_(cryptography) (874 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		Algorithmic information theory defines a sequence of bits as non-random if it can be produced by some computer program that is shorter than that sequence (Chaitin-Kolmogorov randomness).
		When several such sources are combined carefully (as in, for example, the Yarrow algorithm or Fortuna CSPRNGs), enough entropy can be collected for the creation of cryptographic keys and nonces, though generally at restricted rates.
		There are several techniques for reducing bias and correlation, often known by the name "whitening" algorithms, by analogy with the related problem of producing white noise from a correlated signal.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Hardware_random_number_generator (4337 words)

	An implementation of the Yarrow PRNG for FreeBSD
		This decision meant that a 256-bit hashing algorithm and a 256-bit block cipher were needed.
		The (by this time) newly released AES (``Rijndael'')[NIS] algorithm was then tried, and a crude benchmark produced extremely promising results.
		The algorithm states that the lowest of these three is taken as the entropy supplied for the individual unit.
	www.usenix.org /publications/library/proceedings/bsdcon02/full_papers/murray/murray_html (2144 words)

	Design of the Ocotillo PRNG
		The design was primarily influenced by Yarrow (http://www.counterpane.com), and its name (Ocotillo) is in homage to that influence (ocotillo is a plant of the Arizona desert where EST is located).
		MD5 was chosen as the entropy stirring algorithm due to the fact that its 128-bit output matches the 128-bit block size and encryption key size of the AES candidate chosen.
		The MD5 algorithm's output state is presumably influenced by all past randomness, not just the randomness of the last few samples.
	twofish-py.sourceforge.net /ocotillo-design.html (2800 words)

	Yarrow PRNG - Press Release
		This new pseudo-random number generator (PRNG), named Yarrow, is the result of several years' extensive research by the Counterpane team into the design and use of PRNGs.
		Yarrow is based on solid cryptographic principles and it is a complete solution--there is no need to do any further work.
		Yarrow is poised for easy adoption into next generation encryption schemes.
	www.schneier.com /yarrow-pressrel.html (635 words)

	Yarrow algorithm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Yarrow is incorporated in Mac OS X and FreeBSD for their /dev/random devices.
		An improved design from Ferguson and Schneier, Fortuna, is described in their book, Practical Cryptography.
		Yarrow-160: Notes on the Design and Analysis of the Yarrow Cryptographic Pseudorandom Number Generator, J. Kelsey, B. Schneier, and N. Ferguson
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yarrow_algorithm (146 words)

	[No title]
		For example, with the 160 "standard" or the 160-A "standard", I wouldn't use Yarrow to generate a 256-bit Twofish key (unless you got 1/2 the key, waited for a reseed, then got the other 1/2 of the key, in which case you'd be okay).
		The motivation presented in the yarrow paper for the limit min(2^n,2^(k/3)*Pg) is a) to prevent the block sized counter C from wrapping, and b) to make it unlikely that K will take on the same value twice.
		Yarrow sucking entropy out of /dev/random seems no more secure to me than buffering all entropy in a 512-byte pool stirred with a good polynomial before hasing it into the fast pool.
	www.cypherspace.org /adam/yarrow.txt (9157 words)

	Zhixiang Chen
		It is powered by two adaptive learning algorithms that work concurrently, one for feature extraction and learning, and the other for document learning.
		The empirical analysis shows that the performances of the algorithms are just several seconds more than the baseline performance, i.e., the time needed for reading the web log once sequentially from disk to RAM, testing whether each user access record is valid or not, and writing each valid user access record back to disk.
		We prove that algorithm MA has a substantially better mistake bound than the Rocchio's and the Perceptron algorithms in learning a user preference relation determined by a linear classifier with a small number of non-zero coefficients over the real-valued vector space.
	www.cs.panam.edu /~chen/researchProfile.html (1639 words)

	This page is about the plant named Yarrow See also...
		See also River Yarrow River Yarrow and Yarrow algorithm Yarrow algorithm." "Fedora Core Fedora Core 1 is codenamed Yarrow."
		"Yarrow" "Scientific classification Scientific classification" Kingdom Kingdom: Plant Plantae Division Division: Magnoliophyta Magnoliophyta Class Class: Magnoliopsida Magnoliopsida Order Order: Asterales Asterales Family Family: Asteraceae Asteraceae Genus Genus: "Achillea Achillea" "Species Species": "millefolium" "Binomial name Binomial name" "Achillea millefolium" "Yarrow" ("Achillea millefolium") is a common herb found throughout North America and Europe.
		The stalks of yarrow are dried and used as a randomising agent in I Ching I Ching divination.
	www.biodatabase.de /Yarrow (255 words)

	[No title]
		You can now tell the algorithm to do a seed and a shuffle considering the file as one big block, or you can specify the length of the block you want the algorithm to work in.
		I fixed a big bug in the 2 crypt's file algorithm, when the filter I have to add is inferior to the length of the int type used in the algorithm.
		This new algorithm add the following enhancements : - For one passwd and one clear text you can have several cipher text That increase the crypt's power, that's called "probability" because if someone try to decrypt your cipher file, he is never sure that what he has decrypted is the original cipher text.
	www.encryptsolutions.com /english/info/doc/history_unix.txt (3428 words)

	Random Number Generator
		The algorithm is designed to produce numbers over an interval which are equidistributed over 623 dimensions (i.e., subintervals).
		Thus for a large quantity of generated numbers, the output of the algorithm should approximate the properties of a uniform distribution.
		Maybe Schneier's Yarrow algorithm would be a good candidate for implementation.
	www.autohotkey.com /forum/topic7134.html (2526 words)

	The "Tiny" random number infrastructure
		The PRNG is a slight modification of the PRNG used in Yarrow-160 (we use a MAC instead of a block cipher in counter mode, and make other minor changes).
		The entropy gateway is totally different than anything specified in the Yarrow paper, and is also completely different from the Yarrow-AES algorithm John and Pravir worked on while at Cigital (potential IP issues was one reason for this new algorithm; efficiency was the other).
		The key is overwritten with blocks of generator output, along with the counter and the counter step.
	www.cs.utk.edu /~dunigan/cns04/egad.html (1247 words)

	List of algorithms - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		See also the list of data structures, list of algorithm general topics and list of terms relating to algorithms and data structures.
		Buddy memory allocation: Algorithm to allocate memory such that fragmentation is less.
		Alpha max plus beta min algorithm: an approximation of the square-root of the sum of two squares.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_algorithms#Distributed_systems_algorithms (1714 words)

	Downloading - Yarrow Mailer 1.12
		The Yarrow Mailer solves this problem: You can do some work while the Yarrow Mailer will speak to you E-mail messages.
		The Yarrow Mailer is E-mail client style tool for non-stop speak E-mail messages from popular E-mail clients such as Outlook Express or Eudora.
		The Yarrow Mailer has a powerful analysis algorithm of advertising in E-mail messages.
	www.filedudes.com /Yarrow_Mailer-getfile-22609.html (279 words)

	Learn more about Yarrow algorithm in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Learn more about Yarrow algorithm in the online encyclopedia.
		Hint: Play with putting spaces before and after your words to see the different results you get.
		The Yarrow algorithm is a cryptographically secure pseudo-random number generator.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /y/ya/yarrow_algorithm.html (233 words)

	Re: Proposal (was Summary re: /dev/random)
		The only real problem with the algorithm Yarrow uses is that it doesn't rehash the internal state after every chunk of output, which is sort of like using a hash algorithm as an encryption algorithm.
		The way to fix that completely is to rehash the internal pool state after every output and use different hash algorithms for the internal hashing and the output derivation.
		Since RIPEMD-160 has a version with an output twice as long, it would make sense to use that for output derivation (a significant performance win, since it halves the amount of hashing which has to be done.) and SHA-1 for internal mixing.
	www.mail-archive.com /cryptography@c2.net/msg01645.html (305 words)

	Search Engine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		This project was implemented during the Winter break of 1999-2000.
		The predominant feature of Yarrow is that in contrast to the lack of adaptive learning features in existing meta-search engines, Yarrow is equipped with a practical and efficient learning algorithm so that it is capable of helping the user search for the desired documents with as little feedback as possible.
		Currently, Yarrow can query eight of the most popular search engines and is able to perform document parsing and indexing, and learning in real-time on the client side.
	www.eg.bucknell.edu /~xmeng/yarrow/yarrow.html (88 words)

	Yarrow: A Real-Time Client Side Meta-Search Learner - Chen, Meng (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		If your firewall is blocking outgoing connections to port 3125, you can use these links to download local copies.
		The predominant feature of Yarrow is that in contrast to the lack of adaptive learning features in existing metasearch engines, Yarrow is equipped with a practically efficient on-line learning algorithm so that it is capable of helping the user to search for the desired documents with as little feedback as possible.
		Currently, Yarrow can query eight of the most popular search engines and is able to...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /chen00yarrow.html (265 words)

	PRNGs (was Re: machine independent protection from stack-smashing
		In particular, the biggest limitation is the fact that /dev/random doesn't have reasonable bandwidth; you have to use /dev/urandom for that, and I don't know as if people are willing to trust it as much as /dev/random.
		Having talked about this issue at great length with John Kelsey, I'm pretty confident that once your algorithm reaches a state you believe to be secure, then you should be able to output random numbers as fast as the software can crank them out, as long as the internal state of your algorithm isn't compromised.
		The need for algorithms with better understood security properties is one reason why John Kelsey and Bruce Schneier wrote the Yarrow algorithm for pseudo-random number generation.
	www.shmoo.com /mail/bugtraq/aug00/msg00258.shtml (850 words)

	About I CHING drawing
		The two methods ; Achilleomancy (or yarrow stalk drawing) and Scapulomancy (or tortoises shell cracking) were employed together for a long time.
		A yarrow stalk is separated at random, one count the rest in one hand, and following this result one gets a Yin or Yang line.
		The drawing algorithm of yarrow stalk method is easy to implement on computer.
	www.geomance.com /iching/tireng1.htm (906 words)

	ipHouse : random
		The other variables are explained in the paper describing the Yarrow algorithm at http://www.counterpane.com/yarrow.html.
		In some cases, it may be difficult to find enough randomness to seed a random number generator until a system is fully operational, but the system requires random numbers to become fully oper- ational.
		The current software implementation, introduced in FreeBSD 5.0, is a complete rewrite by Mark R V Murray, and is an implementation of the Yarrow algorithm by Bruce Schneier, et al.
	www.goldengate.net /cgi-bin/man.cgi?random+4 (1203 words)

	Linux-Kernel Archive: Using Yarrow in /dev/random (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Reply: Marc Mutz: "Re: Using Yarrow in /dev/random"
		Yarrow-160a algorithm created by Bruce Schneier and John Kelsey.
		The Yarrow 160A algorithm is a variant of Yarrow-160 that has come
	www.ussg.iu.edu /hypermail/linux/kernel/0009.1/0476.html (284 words)

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