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Topic: Yellow Sweet Clover

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	G4639 White, Ladino and Sweet Clover, MU Extension
		Sweet clover also grows well on a wide range of soil conditions from claypan to sandy soils and is quite tolerant of wet conditions.
		Sweet clover is unexcelled as a legume used to improve nitrogen levels, especially at the end of the first growing season.
		Sweet clover is susceptible to attack by the sweet clover weevil.
	muextension.missouri.edu /xplor/agguides/crops/g04639.htm (2292 words)

	Selected North Dakota and Minnesota Range Plants
		Yellow sweet clover is the more abundant of the two species, with white sweet clover seldom seen in the western two-thirds of the state, becoming more noticeable in the east.
		Sweet clovers are very nutritional in the vegetative growth phase, having a crude protein value greater than 20 percent prior to flowering, maintaining above 10 percent until maturity.
		Sweet clovers are often planted as grazed lands, hayland, green chopped, haylage, and silage.
	www.ext.nodak.edu /extpubs/ansci/range/eb69-15.htm (3782 words)

	Melilot
		The Melilots (Sweet Clovers) were formerly known as Melilot Trefoils and assigned, with the common clovers, to the large genus Trifolium, but now are grouped in the genus Melilotus.
		Sweet clover (oral or topical) is also used for hemorrhoids, bruises, and minor injuries.
		In particular, sweet clover should not be combined with blood-thinning drugs such as warfarin (Coumadin), heparin or drugs in the aspirin family.
	www.diamon-naturals.us /melilot.htm (1358 words)

	White and Yellow Sweet Clover [Melilotus alba Medic. and Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas]
		The leaves of yellow and white sweet clover are divided into three leaflets that are finely toothed, the middle leaflet occurs on a distinct stalk, and the flowers occur in a long, narrow inflorescence.
		Sweet clover is an obligate biennial, which means that the plant always puts its energy into developing a healthy root system during the first season, and during the second season, it flowers, sets seed and dies.
		In large, dense colonies of sweet clover, cutting first and second year stems close to the ground with a hand-held scythe is effective if done after leaves on the lower stems have died (before flowering occurs) and up to early stages of flowering (before seeds form).
	mdc.mo.gov /nathis/exotic/vegman/twentyfi.htm (1470 words)

	Herbal Descriptions - Sweet Clover - Melilotus officinalis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Sweet Clover is a principal flavoring ingredient in a particular greenish variety of Swiss cheese.
		Sweet Clover is known to reduce inflammation and swelling by increasing the amount of blood that flows through the veins back toward the heart.
		Sweet Clover is considered a good alternative when treating bruises (externally), hemorrhoids, and poor circulation in the veins, particularly when accompanied by pain, heaviness, night cramps, itching, and swelling in the legs.
	www.viable-herbal.com /herbdesc5/1sweetclo.htm (540 words)

	Spoiled Sweet Clover (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) and white sweet clover (M. alba) are legumes commonly grown in the northwestern United States and western Canada as a forage for livestock and they grow wild over the entire North American continent.
		Moldy dicoumarol-containing sweet clover may be fed to livestock as long as it does not constitute more than 25% of the animals’ total diet, although feeding any moldy feed is not recommended.
		However, to prevent the risk of moldy sweet clover poisoning, sweet clover hay or haylage should not be fed for at least 2 to 3 weeks before foaling or elective surgery.
	horse.purinamills.com /bulletins/poison/plants/sweetclover.html (501 words)

	University of Manitoba: Natural Systems Agriculture: Growing N with Clover Green Fallow
		Clover is established with the second barley crop and ploughed in during the following green fallow year to improve soil physical structure, water-holding capacity and drainage, and fertility to reduce fertilizer requirement.
		Following the clover plough-down in 2003, fall soil tests indicated that applied N was not necessary for the following crop, and only negligible amounts of P and K (5-10 units and 10-20 units) were recommended, therefore no fertilizer was applied.
		Clover requires ploughing in green fallow year as there is too much biomass for discs to sufficiently incorporate it into soil.
	www.umanitoba.ca /outreach/naturalagriculture/print/grown.html (1415 words)

	White and yellow sweet clover - Invasive species: Minnesota DNR
		Yellow sweet clover is usually shorter and blooms earlier.
		The key to controlling sweet clovers is to halt the flowering stage and then concentrate on depleting viable seeds in the soil.
		Sweet clover invades and degrades native grasslands by overtopping and shading native sun-loving plants thereby reducing diversity.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /invasives/terrestrialplants/herbaceous/whitesweetclover.html (313 words)

	Department of Natural Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Yellow, tubelike flowers are borne in thin spikes.
		Yellow sweet clover may attain a height of two to seven feet.
		Yellow sweet clover is a native of Europe that was brought to this country by early European settlers and has spread tremendously.
	dnr.state.il.us /LANDS/EDUCATION/EXOTICSPECIES/Includes/contentYellowsweetclover.htm (70 words)

	Wildflower Identification Guide (Yellow) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Yellow flower heads in a narrow cluster, about 1", with 3–8 broad rays, each with 3 teeth at end, the central tooth narrowest.
		Yellow flowers ½–1", borne singly or in small clusters in the axils.
		The spire of flowers is pale yellow (sometimes white), 1", 5 round lobes equal sized, stamens 5.
	www.birdmom.net /wildflowersyellow.html (1220 words)

	Yellow Sweet-Clover
		Coumarin, present in sweet clover, is converted to dicoumarin during improper curing of sweet clover hay, or when the plant is excessively stressed (frosts, drought).
		Moldy sweet clover hay should not be fed, but if it has to be fed, alternating with a non-moldy quality hay every few days will minimize clinical signs.
		Moldy sweet clover hay should be withheld for 4 to 6 weeks prior to anticipated parturition ("giving birth") or surgical procedure, to lessen the chances of these animals bleeding to death.
	www.holoweb.com /cannon/yellowsc.htm (500 words)

	Sweet Clover, white and yellow
		The best times to hand-pull sweet clover are in the late fall, after the first- year plant root-crown buds have developed, or anytime early in spring, before second year plants develop flower buds.
		Sweet clover usually does not resprout when the stems are cut close to the ground during this time.
		In an uneven-aged stand of sweet clover, second-year clover may escape the harmful effects of the early first-year burn because their shoots were not fully emerged.
	www.inhs.uiuc.edu /chf/outreach/VMG/wysclover.html (1287 words)

	WDNR - Invasive Plant Species - Yellow Sweet Clover (Melilotus officinalis)
		Yellow sweet clover is usually smaller than white sweet clover and blooms earlier.
		Sweet clovers seem to prefer calcareous or loamy soils, and are most frequently found in open, disturbed, upland habitats such as prairies, savannas, and dunes.
		Due to the long viability of sweet clover seeds (up to 30 years) and continued agricultural use, these plants generally must be managed on nearly a continuous basis.
	www.dnr.state.wi.us /invasives/fact/clovers_yellow.htm (872 words)

	Yellow Sweet Clover (Melilotus officinalis) - Wild Flowers of Sleepy Hollow Lake - An All Creatures Photo Gallery - ...
		(Yellow Sweet Clover - 01) This is a small patch of yellow sweet clover, a member of the pea family, that is growing up through the blue shale rip-rap along the the shore of Sleepy Hollow Lake.
		(Yellow Sweet Clover - 01a) The flowers of the yellow sweet clover grow on long narrow racemes, stem-like structures which arise from the leaf axils, or the connection where the leaves and stem join.
		(Yellow Sweet Clover - 05a) This is a close-up view of the new growth of yellow sweet clover racemes, as they branch out from the top of the wildflower.
	www.all-creatures.org /picb/wfshl-yellowsweetclover.html (507 words)

	Sweet Clover
		Sweet clover is a slow-growing biennial often used to alleviate compaction.
		Sweet clover does not flower in the year of establishment.
		White sweet clover is deeper rooted, taller and coarser, which makes it more suitable for plowdown than forage.
	www.evergreenseed.ca /sweetclover.htm (102 words)

	Melilot_Yellow_Sweet_Clover_Picture_Mongraph
		It bears alternate, trifoliate leaves with obovate to oblong leaflets whose apex is either rounded, truncate or slightly notched and margin closely serrate The flowers are small and yellow, occurring in spicate racemes.
		The plant, when in flower, has a peculiar sweet odor, which, by drying, becomes stronger and more agreeable, somewhat like that of the tonka bean.
		The yellow flowers are in axillary racemes, typically papilionaceous with the keel shorter than the wings, 5 - 6 cm long.
	www.herbdatanz.com /melilot_yellow_sweet_clover_picture_mongraph.htm (717 words)

	Sweet clover for green manure (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In year one, the clover usually does not grow a lot, unless there is extensive moisture, in which case it can sometimes be competitive with the crop.
		While clover has long been recommended as a plow down only for moister regions, farmers in all regions are using it successfully.
		Clover is especially vulnerable in year two, early in the spring, when temperatures are increasing and the shoots are just starting to grow.
	www.organicagcentre.ca /NewspaperArticles/na_cushon1.html (686 words)

	Yellow Sweet Clover (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Yellow Sweet Clover is a member of the Pea Family.
		Yellow Sweet Clover was introduced to the US from Eurasia.
		Yellow Sweet Clover blooms between June - August and produces a cluster of yellow pea-like flowers to 1/4 inch in length which grow along a flower stalk to 6 inches in length.
	www.toddshikingguide.com /FloraFauna/Flora206.htm (93 words)

	Invasive Plants of Ohio - Factsheet 16 - White and Yellow Sweet-Clover
		Both white and yellow sweet-clover are erect, herbaceous, non-native biennials that are members of the pea family.
		White and yellow sweet-clover are native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and Asia.
		The seeds of white and yellow sweet-clover have been shown to be viable for over 30 years.
	www.dnr.state.oh.us /dnap/invasive/16clover.htm (456 words)

	Plants - Species Close-Up (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Masses of yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.) and yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) are in bloom between the Co-Op parking lot and Airport Road.
		Yellow sweet clover can be recognized by its tall, yellow flower spikes, which wave gently to and fro in the wind.
		Sweet clover is a favourite of honey bees who perform the task of pollination as they take nectar from the plant.
	www.arctic.uoguelph.ca /cpl/organisms/plants/Closeups/clover.htm (477 words)

	Sweet Clover
		elilot or sweet yellow clover, as it is also know, has some intriguing medicinal properties on deeper study.
		Coumarin is transformed to dicoumarol (anticoagulant) in moldy Meliotus hay and is toxic to livestock when so consumed, sweet clover disease.
		Modern studies tend to suggest that yellow clover may also be indicated in lymphoedema, elephantiasis, cancer, venous insufficiency, hemorrhoids, varicose veins, post-traumatic inflammation.
	www.racehorseherbal.com /Wild_Herbs/Sweet_Clover/sweet_clover.html (272 words)

	URBAN HERBS: Yellow Sweet Clover
		Yellow sweet clover was used by Henry VIII, which led to the common name King’s Clover.
		Yellow sweet clover was also used for honeybee pastures and as a moth repellent (Duke 2001).
		Yellow sweet clover is not a commonly used medicinal herb today, but played a crucial role in the development of the widely used anticoagulant drug warfarin (see History).
	www.georgetown.edu /departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/yellow_sweet_clover.htm (572 words)

	WVU's Forage Identification Tutorial Legumes Clover
		Sweet clover is unlike alfalfa in that the serrations occur all around the leaflet
		Sweet clover is not a true clover--it resembles alfalfa more than clover.
		As with all true clovers, the three leaflets are attached to the stem at the same point.
	www.caf.wvu.edu /~forage/Tutorial/sldpg5.htm (220 words)

	Sweet Clover - eMedicinal.com
		Yellow melilot is a biennial plant; the slender, branched, hollow stems, from 1 1/2 to 5 feet high, bear pinnate leaves (clover-like) with 3 obovate or oblanceolate leaflets, which are finely toothed and blunt-tipped.
		Like yellow melilot, it is a very common plant in fields and waste places over most of North America and in Europe and Asia.
		The Chinese use yellow melilot medicinally, use it in cosmetics, and burn it as an incense.
	www.emedicinal.com /herbs/sweetclover.php (429 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - sweet clover
		Melilotus is a different genus from that of the true clovers.
		Sweet clover is classified in the division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Rosales, family Leguminosae.
		New low-coumarin sweet clover few years from growers.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s1/sweetclo.asp (180 words)

	Sweet clovers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The sweet clovers are native to temperate Europe and Asia.
		Most of the sweet clovers grown here are biennial, although some annual kinds are grown.
		The sweet clovers have a high content of coumarin which reduces palatability.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/Crops/Sweet_clovers.html (248 words)

	URBAN HERBS: Medicinal Plants at Georgetown University
		Yellow sweet clover has fragrant leaves; when crushed or dried they give off the scent of new-mown hay.
		Yellow sweet clover stands three to eight feet high, and can be seen from late spring to fall (Newcomb 1977).
		Yellow wood sorrel stands three to fifteen inches high, with an erect stem and flowers a quarter to half an inch wide.
	www.georgetown.edu /departments/physiology/cam/urbanherbs/urban2.htm (915 words)

	New Century Seed: Yellow Blossom Sweet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Sweet Clover, a biennial primarily used for honey production and green manure, has a deep tap root and thick, coarse stems that may reach 2-4 feet in height.
		Yellow Blossom Sweet Clover is leafier, more drought tolerant, flowering approximately two weeks earlier than White Blossom Sweet Clover.
		Sweet clover is tolerant to poorly drained and flooded soils; however, is drought tolerant and winterhardy.
	www.ncseedexpress.com /mm5/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Store_Code=NCS&Product_Code=Forages10&Category_Code=C6 (103 words)

	White Sweet Clover
		The size of White Sweet Clover varies considerably with the moisture and fertility of the soil.
		White Sweet Clover is considered an excellent nectar plant for Apis mellifera (Honey Bee) by beekeepers.
		The seedpods of White Sweet Clover lack transverse wrinkles, which are occasionally present in the seedpods of Yellow Sweet Clover.
	www.illinoiswildflowers.info /weeds/plants/wh_swclover.htm (706 words)

	Albert Lea Seed House _____________________ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Use this single cut red clover where a field will be all clover just during the seeding year.
		Due to the susceptibility of all sweet clovers to the sweet clover weevil, it's a good idea to mix this with Mammoth Red Clover or FD8 alfalfa.
		Yellow Blossom Sweet seed can persist in the soil for several years.
	www.alseed.com /prodinfo.php?pid=16&SID=ead847c6036af0117ca7ef8de207a4d2 (309 words)

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