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Topic: Yellow bile

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Choleric

Phlegmatic

Four humours

Black bile

Sanguine

Fire

Belief

Galen

Phlegm

Spleen

Gall bladder

Winter

Paracelsus

Spring (season)

Liver

	Caring for all Animals in Ireland - The Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
		The bear is kept in a cage, the same size as those used in bear bile farms - that is, too small for him to lie down properly or stand up.
		So now WSPA must take their bear round as many cities, towns and villages in all the countries where bear bile products are bought, and show everyone they can just what the bears are put through.
		WSPA must get their bear seen as widely as can be in all countries where bear bile products are used and are requesting donations to help them show people exactly how bears suffer in Chinese bear farms.
	www.ispca.ie /bears.html (858 words)

	Bile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bile salts are steroid compounds (deoxycholic and cholic acid), often conjugated with glycine and taurine, and act to some extent as a detergent, helping to emulsify fats (increasing surface area to help enzyme action), and thus aid in their absorption in the small intestine.
		Since bile increases the absorption of fats, it is an important part of the absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, and K.
		Yellow bile and fl bile were two of the four vital fluids or humours of ancient and medieval medicine; for example, melancholia was believed to be caused by a bodily surplus of fl bile.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bile (376 words)

	Bile -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Bile salts combine with (Any of various compounds composed of fatty acids and phosphoric acid and a nitrogenous base; an important constituent of membranes) phospholipids to break down fat globules in the process of emulsification.
		Bile also contains (An animal sterol that is normally synthesized by the liver; the most abundant steroid in animal tissues) cholesterol, which occasionally accretes into lumps in the gall bladder, forming (A calculus formed in the gall bladder or its ducts) gallstones.
		Yellow bile is sometimes called ((Greek mythology) the rarified fluid said to flow in the veins of the Gods) ichor.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/b/bi/bile.htm (239 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The primary bile acids, cholic and chenodeoxycholic acids, are formed in the liver and conjugated to glycine or taurine, forming bile salts (e.g., cholylglycine), which are secreted in the bile and aid in the digestion of fats.
		Secondary bile acids, deoxycholic, lithocholic, and ursodeoxycholic acids, are formed from the primary bile acids by the action of intestinal bacteria, either as bile salts or as deconjugated bile acids.
		(bil´e-ar-e) pertaining to the bile, to the bile ducts, or to the gallbladder.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_b_10zPzhtm (2155 words)

	Bile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Bile (or gall) is a bitter, greenish-yellow alkaline fluid secreted by the liver of many vertebrates.
		Since bile increases the absorption of fats, it can help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins: A, D, E, and K.
		Yellow and fl bile were two of the four vital fluids or humours of ancient and medieval medicine; for example, melancholia was believed to be caused by a bodily surplus of fl bile.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Bile (217 words)

	Liver Bile -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Bile, required for the digestion of food, is excreted by the liver into passages that carry bile toward the hepatic duct, which joins with the cystic duct (carrying bile to and from the gallbladder) to form the common bile duct, which opens into the intestine.
		Blockage of the bile duct by a cancer or scarring from injury prevents the bile from being transported to the intestine and the bile accumulates in the blood.
		Jaundice is commonly caused by conditions such as pancreatic cancer caused by blockage of the bile duct passing through the cancerous portion of the pancreas, cholangiocarcinoma, blockage by a stone in patients with gallstones and from scarring after injury to the bile duct during gallbladder removal.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/86/liver-bile.html (854 words)

	Gall Bladder and Bile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		If the bile is unable to leave the gallbladder because of a blockage (such as a gallstone), the stool color will change to gray or clay-colored.
		Bile is comprised of a bitter, greenish mixture of acids, salts, pigments, cholesterol, electrolytes, proteins, and other substances that are carried into the intestines.
		Bile is collected in the liver bile ducts and transported to the gallbladder, where it is concentrated and stored.
	www.innvista.com /health/anatomy/gallblad.htm (509 words)

	CYSTIC DISEASE OF THE LIVER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In this condition, the main trunk (the common bile duct) of the biliary tree is structurally abnormal, probably from the time of birth.
		The abnormal bile duct is removed and a piece of intestine used to replace it.
		In patients with this condition, there is abnormal growth of fibrous tissue (scar) around the small branches of the bile ducts in the liver.
	www.gastro.com /html/liverdisease/liver_cysts.shtml (832 words)

	Secretion of Bile and the Role of Bile Acids In Digestion
		Bile is a complex fluid containing water, electrolytes and a battery of organic molecules including bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and bilirubin that flows through the biliary tract into the small intestine.
		The cholesterol-derived portion of a bile acid has one face that is hydrophobic (that with methyl groups) and one that is hydrophilic (that with the hydroxyl groups); the amino acid conjugate is polar and hydrophilic.
		Bile acids are also critical for transport and absorption of the fat-soluble vitamins.
	arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/pathphys/digestion/liver/bile.html (1012 words)

	bile -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		also called gall greenish yellow secretion that is produced in the liver and passed to the gallbladder for concentration, storage, or transport into the first region of the small intestine, the duodenum.
		Bile is composed of bile acids and salts, phospholipids, cholesterol, pigments, water, and electrolyte chemicals that keep...
		Bile is formed initially in the hepatocyte (liver cell), and the rate of formation is dependent primarily on the rate at which bile acids are secreted into the bile channels, or canaliculi.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9079196?tocId=9079196 (723 words)

	bile on Encyclopedia.com
		Bile, or gall, is composed of water, bile acids and their salts, bile pigments, cholesterol, fatty acids, and inorganic salts.
		The bile is a route of excretion for many drugs and metabolites; cholesterol is excreted almost entirely in the bile, as are breakdown products of heme, such as bilirubin, which color the bile and are known as the bile pigments.
		Hero for a thirsty land; Abdi Bile, the world 1,500-meter champ, is the pride of Somalia, a country of poets and drought.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b1/bile.asp (738 words)

	Profile - Yellow Dock
		Yellow dock root was mentioned in 265 readings between 1911 and 1944.
		Yellow dock root utilization peaked in 1924 and decreased markedly with only a slight increase between 1932-1935.
		The yellow dock root is an emit and blood purifier, an active principle with the secretions of the liver.
	www.meridianinstitute.com /echerb/Files/1yellowd.html (294 words)

	Gallstones
		Ducts, or tubes, carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder and on to the intestine.
		Bile is stored in the gallbladder, which contracts periodically to force the bile into the intestine.
		The skin turns yellow, the urine dark and, perhaps, the stool white, since it is bile that colors the stool brown.
	www.gicare.com /pated/ecdgs17.htm (1044 words)

	Straight Dope Staff Report: What's the origin of "yellow-bellied"?
		The medieval yellow star (continued by the Nazis) branded Jews as having "betrayed Jesus." In medieval paintings, Judas Iscariot (ultimate symbol of treason) is portrayed wearing yellow garments.
		Slightly before the appearance of "yellow-bellied," Asians were the "yellow" race and the term "yellow peril" was used to refer to the insidious Asian "threat" (with the implicit connotation of treachery and deceit) from the 1890s through 1910.
		Yellow, the color of the sun, flowers, etc., is generally considered cheerful and upbeat.
	www.straightdope.com /mailbag/myellowbellied.html (638 words)

	Bile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Bile is one of the topics in focus at Global Oneness.
		Bile: A bitter fluid secreted by the liver which flows into the small intestine, which is stored in the gallbladder.
		Paracelsus's new concept of disease emphasized its causes to be external agents that attack the body, contrary to the traditional idea of disease as an internal upset of the balance of the body's humors (yellow bile, fl bile, blood and phlegm).
	www.experiencefestival.com /bile (1344 words)

	Yellow Fever and Dr. Walter Reed (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Yellow bile pigments from the damaged liver color the skin, giving the disease its name.
		Yellow fever had been such a formidible enemy of our troops that it had its own nickname, "Yellow Jack".
		As a result of his discovery, yellow fever patients were kept in rooms with mosquito screens, and any nearby wet breeding grounds of the insect were destroyed.
	www.mcatmaster.com /medicine&war/yellowfever.htm (686 words)

	Humours
		The temperaments of persons are expressed by the words sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric and melancholic according to the preponderance in them of the respective humors blood, phlegm, yellow bile and fl bile.
		The humors themselves are assigned temperaments: blood is hot and moist, phlegm cold and moist, yellow bile hot and dry, and fl bile cold and dry.
		The yellow bile is composed of the third stage of digestion nutrients, which are the coarser and less refined parts, and the fl bile is composed of the least digestible and usable parts of nutrients.
	www.unani.com /humours.htm (955 words)

	Contractor : The Widow Bile's canary-yellow Case. @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Bile left this earth many years ago, which left her with no one to pick on except for the various contractors who dare to venture beyond her front door.
		She has the ability to squint her eyes, which sit amidst a sea of leathery wrinkles, and offer up a piercing glare that could curdle fresh milk at 100 yards.
		Now Widow Bile also happens to be frugal to a fault and hasn't replaced a single faucet, fixture or widget since the mister went to his reward.
	static.highbeam.com /c/contractor/july012001/thewidowbilescanaryyellowcase (221 words)

	Encyclopedia: Yellow bile (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It corresponds to the fluid of yellow bile, the season of summer and the element of fire.
		In folk medicine, a baby referred to as "cholic" is one who cries frequently and seems to be constantly angry.
		This is an adaptation of "choleric," although no one now would attribute the condition to bile.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Yellow-bile (316 words)

	On Melancholy
		Elizabethan psychology was a direct descendent of the theory of humors that originated with the Ancient Greeks.
		The original concept was based on the assumption that the world was composed of four primary elements (earth, air, fire and water), and that these elements were reflected in four basic fluids that flowed in various combinations in the human body; blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and fl bile.
		The body of man has in itself, blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and fl bile; these make up the nature of his body, and through these he feels pain or enjoys health.
	arts.ucsc.edu /faculty/bierman/Elsinore/melancholy/MelBile.html (562 words)

	Does loss of bile acid homeostasis make mice melancholy? -- Moore 110 (8): 1067 -- Journal of Clinical Investigation
		Bile is at the center of the traditional medicines of many cultures.
		to be the bile acid–dependent induction of expression
		Bile acids: natural ligands for an orphan nuclear receptor.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/110/8/1067 (1368 words)

	Collect Medical Antiques -- Bloodletting and the Four Humors
		He taught the importance of maintaining balance between the four bodily fluids, or "humors" (2): blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and fl bile.
		Someone with a phlegmatic personality was sluggish and dull, while yellow bile represented an individual quick to anger or choleric (cholera meaning yellow as in yellow fever).
		It was the job of the physician to restore harmony in those four humors by the use of emetics, cathartics, purgatives, and by bloodletting.
	www.collectmedicalantiques.com /bloodletting.html (809 words)

	Liver
		This corresponds to the narrow channels (bile canaliculi) where bile is collected to be transported to the hepatic duts in the portal triads.
		Here is another look at a Portal triad with more prominent Bile ducts, indicated by the yellow arrows, which very clearly demonstrate the cuboidal nature of the epithelium which clearly distinguish them from the Portal Vein (blue arrow) and the Hepatic Artery (red arrow).
		The yellow arrows are pointing to special structures that carry the bile from all the hepatocytes to the bile ducts called Bile Canaliculi.
	www3.umdnj.edu /histsweb/lab21/lab21liver.html (650 words)

	Aeclectic Tarot Forum - Tarot & The 4 Humours
		Theory prevalent in the West in classical and medieval times that the human body was composed of four kinds of fluid: phlegm, blood, choler or yellow bile, and melancholy or fl bile.
		An excess of phlegm produced a ‘phlegmatic’, or calm, temperament; of blood a ‘sanguine’, or passionate, one; of yellow bile a ‘choleric’, or irascible, one; and of fl bile a ‘melancholy’, or depressive, one.
		The Greek physician Galen connected the theory to that of the four elements: the phlegmatic was associated with water, the sanguine with air, the choleric with fire, and the melancholic with earth.
	www.tarotforum.net /archive/index.php/t-29971.html (663 words)

	Yellow Bile - Advice!
		There does not seem to been anything wrong with my pup, as he is still running around like mad and does not seem ill what so ever, he is not off his food and is going to the toilet fine (apart from lots of grass in the poo).
		I have been feeding him BARF since the age of 6 weeks (not that I think this is the problem) and the sick is yellow bile and usually first thing in the morning or last thing at night.
		The yellow bile is normal, if it was food you should be concerned.
	www.champdogsforum.co.uk /board/topic/67789.html (482 words)

	Johns Hopkins Magazine
		Elemental qualities are conveyed through the body in the form of four humoral fluids: Blood, Phlegm, Black Bile, and Yellow Bile.
		Black Bile (also called Melancholy) doeth hold the elemental qualities of coolness and dryness, while Yellow Bile those of hotness and dryness.
		Dark urine, for example, was believed to suggest an excess of "Black Bile." Once a diagnosis was reached, physicians worked to restore balance through a carefully planned treatment regiment--which included herbs, foods, and bloodletting.
	www.jhu.edu /~jhumag/0901web/fate.html (1749 words)

	dustbury.com: File under "Duh"
		When yellow bile dominates, an individual is quick to anger.
		Choleric personalities (cholera meaning yellow as in yellow fever) are often violent and vengeful.
		Avoid herbs with a bitter taste, as they are most likely to promote yellow bile.
	www.dustbury.com /archives/000819.html (214 words)

	Re: Why is cowardice (and treason) yellow?
		COLORS - According to Stuart Berg Flexner in "Listening to America," (Simon and Schuster,1982) ".'Yellow dog' had meant a worthless cur or mongrel by 1833 (yellow was first recorded as meaning cowardly in 1856) and a contemptible person by 1880."
		I had a vague notion that yellow for cowardice had to do with the ancient Greek belief that the body was made up of four humors - blood, phlegm, yellow bile and fl bile.
		The Greeks believed that jealousy was accompanied by an overproduction of bile, lending a pallid green cast to the victim.
	www.phrases.org.uk /bulletin_board/2/messages/16.html (237 words)

	THE GREEK, INDIAN, & CHINESE ELEMENTS
		With a theory based on that of the four elements, by the Middle Ages health was though to depend on a balance of four fluids, or humors, in the human body: fire corresponded to blood; air to yellow bile; water to phlegm; and earth to fl bile.
		Notice that the passivity of "cold" humors, Phelgm and Black Bile, contrasts with the activity of the "hot" humors, Blood and Yellow Bile.
		Thus, yellow, the color of the air I often see in Los Angeles, is possible, while fl has been thought the color of earth in many places since Ancient Egypt, the "Black Land." That only leaves one element and one color short.
	www.friesian.com /elements.htm (4413 words)

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