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Topic: Yellow legged Gull

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	Yellow-legged Gull - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Yellow-legged Gull, Larus cachinnans, is a large gull.
		However, recent DNA research has shown that Caspian Gull is basal to the complex, and cannot be in the same grouping as the other form.
		These are omnivores like most Larus gulls, and they will scavenge on rubbish tips and elsewhere, as well as seeking suitable small prey in fields or on the coast, or robbing plovers or lapwings of their catches.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Yellow-legged_Gull (367 words)

	Gull - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most gulls, particularly Larus species, are ground nesting omnivores, which will take live food or scavenge opportunistically.
		Apart from the kittiwakes, gulls are typically coastal or inland species, rarely venturing far out to sea.
		Gulls — the larger species in particular, are resourceful and highly-intelligent birds, demonstrating complex methods of communication and a highly-developed social structure.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gull (293 words)

	Eric Vidal - Imep CNRS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The effects of an increasingly large yellow-legged gull Larus cachinnans colony on the flora of a Mediterranean limestone archipelago (S-E France) were studied through the analysis of floristical changes which have occurred in the past 36 years.
		Gulls' contribution to propagule dispersal from the continent appears to be very slight, dispersal by wind being the prevalent mode.
		Indeed, when the refuse dump availability is low, we demonstrated a broadening in the Yellow-legged gull’s trophic niche, with a diversification of food type and an increase in exploitation of alternative food habitats such as natural or agricultural environments.
	www.imep-cnrs.com /publis/vidal.htm (1508 words)

	Yellow-legged Gull!
		The Yellow-legged Gull was larger than the Lesser Black-backed Gull, closer to the size of Herring Gull.
		Legs and feet deep bright yellow, obvious at considerable distance.
		Shrouded in the mystery of the subspecies of Yellow-legged Gulls in north west Portugal is a form that is smaller and as dark or darker than michahellis (Garner 1997).
	www.cs.mun.ca /~dave/ylgu.html (996 words)

	Birds Ireland > Features > Lovely Larids
		It took careful field observations and questioning minds to piece together the sum of their differences from other gulls but once the veil was lifted their distinctiveness could be followed through all plumages that, in turn, led to an appreciation of further unique qualities spanning voice, display and behaviour.
		One is Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans (known as Pontic Gull in Holland) that hails from the shores of the Black and Caspian Seas with small numbers breeding as far west as Poland.Ê The other is Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis from the Mediterranean region and the Atlantic Islands.
		The bill was bright yellow (without the more yellow-orange flush shown by the breeding plumage Herrings) with a vermilion-red spot on the gonys and a fl band across both mandibles including all the tip of the lower mandible.Ê The absolute tip of the upper mandible was a pale, watery horn-yellow (almost whitish).
	www.birdsireland.com /pages/site_pages/features/gulls.html (2032 words)

	Bonnie da Bird (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On 2 February 2000, I discovered this yellow-legged gull on Tierra Verde at the northwest side of the bridge into Ft. De Soto Park.
		It remained in that vicinity until at least 27 March 2000, often perched atop the utility poles by the bridge, sitting on the channel marker on the west side of the bridge, or foraging around the park's boat ramp area located on the southwest side of the bridge.
		The legs were pale yellow in early February, but they became more golden-yellow towards the end of March (but not so deeply colored as those of breeding-plumaged L.
	home.earthlink.net /~bonniedabird/YellLeg.htm (350 words)

	gull taxonomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Gull taxonomy is in a tremendous state of flux.
		Atlantis and michahellis are typically now called the Yellow-legged Gull, even though the birds from northwest Spain are sometimes called the Cantabrican Gull, and may show pinkish legs.
		Armenicus also used to be part of Herring Gull (and presumably Yellow-legged), but has successfully fought for an independent homeland and a UN seat; it is now called the Armenian Gull.
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/Canopy/6181/taxonomy.htm (483 words)

	The Norwegian Gull-page
		A nice comparison shot of a second and a third winter Herring Gull from the same place can be seen here, and a ventral flightshot of a first winter Mew Gull from Bergen is here.
		They differ from Yellow-legged Gulls in having more white and less fl in the primaries, usually less intense yellow feet-color, paler mantle and scapulars, dark-streaked head in winter plumage and other head and bill proportions.
		Such Herring Gulls are referred to as "omissus", despite being the argentatus subspecies.
	cyberbirding.uib.no /gull (399 words)

	On the Clark's Grebe and Yellow-legged Gull
		The gull was seen with hundreds of adult Herrings, several adult Lessers, and 1-2 hybrid Herring x Lessers (presumably).
		It had bright school-bus yellow legs that matched the color of the bill, which had a large bright red gonys spot.
		All hybrids we have seen have leg color not matching bill color, being yellow-flesh, pink-yellow, dull yellow, etc. All hybrids we have seen have rounded heads, not flattish on the crown and blocky.
	www.ibiblio.org /pardo/birds/current/msg01702.html (978 words)

	CVL BIRDING - Caspian Gull
		The legs were long and, when running, it had a strange 'lolloping' gait.
		But like Yellow-legged and Great Black-backed Gulls, Caspian Gull does have a winter plumage in which it shows head streaking, it's just that 'winter plumage' is a couple of months earlier than in Herring Gull.
		Having watched the gull for long periods of time, there is no doubt that field experience was essential to gain a proper impression of its true shape and structure.
	www.cvlbirding.co.uk /caspiangull.html (2185 words)

	Mystery Gull
		The bird appeared as a Great Black-backed Gull for both its size (since it seemed greater than the Yellow-legged Gulls, Larus michahellis, flying around) and its heavy bill.
		It's neither an American Herring Gull, Larus argentatus smithsonianus (the head is too white, and its shape doesn't fit; there appears to be very little barring on the lower belly and under tail coverts, which should be heavily barred in smithonianus.
		The tail is too dark for any Yellow-legged Gull (L. michahellis) and Caspian Gull (Larus cachinnans).
	oystman.tripod.com /italiangulls/id10.html (278 words)

	Gulls at the Tip (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the LDBWS recording area the status of Yellow-legged Gull is ‘skewed’ by the annually returning adults at Arnside, Bazil Point/Glasson Dock and in the Dockacres area.
		Much easier to study are the gulls which gather on the adjacent tidal section of the River Lune at low tide to bathe in the river and loaf on the nearby mud.
		Lesser Black-backed Gulls with either a fl ring + yellow code (R, T or W / number / letter / letter) or a green ring + white letter (R, T or W) on their left leg (and a BTO ring on their right leg) should be reported to Dave Sowter.
	www.birdtours.co.uk /ldbws/winter99/tipgulls.htm (2231 words)

	CVL BIRDING - July 2004
		A first-winter/summer Mediterranean Gull was in front of Stratford hide this evening, and the Black-tailed Godwit was still amongst the gulls on Herriott's Pool.
		Returning Black-headed Gulls are beginning to pass through in numbers now; at least 300 were present this evening, and amongst a flock on Heron's Green Pool was a second-summer Mediterranean Gull, replaced in the evening by an adult - we should start seeing the first few juveniles moving through any time soon.
		The first Common Gulls of the autumn were on Herriott's Pool today (an adult and three first-summers), as were a first-summer Yellow-legged Gull, two Dunlin, a drake Wigeon and 16 Teal.
	www.cvlbirding.co.uk /logbook/2004july.html (1248 words)

	Caller.com: Birding
		Yellow-leggeds were long considered just a yellow-legged race of the herring gulls, but this form has now been recognized as a full species.
		A landfill is a collection of bad smelling waste, but to gulls it is a treasure trove, a place to make a good living, and a place where there is always something to eat.
		Gulls can drink either fresh or salt water because they have a pair of glands, located on top of the skull above the eyes, through which salt is eliminated.
	caller.com /ccct/birdwatching/article/0,1641,CCCT_948_2678847,00.html (396 words)

	Birds of the Aegean
		gull typical, not only of the Aegean, but of the Mediterranean in general, it is distinguished by its large size and yellow legs and bill.
		When the young hatch, their parents start feeding them with fish that they either catch themselves or collect from fishing-boat waste.
		After the breeding period, many Yellow-legged Gulls -and especially the immature- leave the Aegean islands and congregate on the mainland to feed at fishing ports, harbours and rubbish dumps.
	www.minenv.gr /4/41/4107/e410710.html (188 words)

	Yellow-legged Gull
		In adults the legs are a rich yellow, though less intense during the winter months and throughout the year in sub-adult birds.
		The yellow legs in combination with the relatively dark grey upperparts are often the features which initially attract attention on a standing bird.
		Note, however, that Herring Gulls sometimes display yellow-legs, particularly individuals of the nominate form from certain areas of Scandinavia and eastern Baltic region, so it is essential to use a full suite of characters when identifying Yellow-legged Gull.
	www.deanar.btinternet.co.uk /wmgulls/YlG/ylgull.htm (697 words)

	B-Mail(sm): ID-FRONTIERS for October 13-19, 2002
		Hybrids such as smithsonianus x graellsii (or any other flesh-yellow pairing??) are thought to show a fleshy tinge to their legs even in the breeding season so in October their legs would be very unlikely to show the bright yellow of the Massachusetts bird.
		Re: P9 (Martin's query), it's not critical for YLG identification but the absence of a mirror on P9 would statistically help the case for atlantis a bit as only about 20% of this form (with considerable geographic variation) have a mirror on this feather.
		As molecular studies of large gulls around the world have accelerated in recent years, shedding light and offering new insights and testable hypotheses, field work has also moved along, but the ultimate test of biological species rank --- reproductive isolation between sympatric populations --- has proven elusive in many cases because the gulls remained allopatric.
	www.virtualbirder.com /bmail/idfrontiers/200210/w3 (2394 words)

	Gull page v2
		Gulls are ubiquitous denizens of shorelines around the world, except for some tropical regions.
		Gulls are, however, often very easy to photograph and I have taken hundreds of close-up shots to document changing plumages, and to use in classes and lectures.
		Hailman, J.P. Cliff-nesting adaptations of the Galapagos Swallow-tailed Gull.
	montereybay.com /creagrus/gulls.html (1684 words)

	Yukon Gullery: Protect Habitat & Save Birds!
		An adult Herring Gull with yellow legs was photographed in Whitehorse, Yukon on April 22, 1997 by Cameron Eckert.
		Adult Thayer's Gulls have a bright red (not yellow) orbital ring and tend to have dark eyes while adult Herring Gulls tend to have pale yellow eyes.
		The Glaucous Gulls which occur in the Yukon are of the smallest subspecies, Larus hyperboreus barrovianus, and with their relativley small size and attenuated form often inspire a double-take.
	www.yukonweb.com /community/ybc/gullery.html (1320 words)

	Yellow-legged Gull phenotypes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The two adult Yellow-legged Gulls above, photographed in July and August 2004 respectively, illustrate the variability in characters of this species.
		The left-hand bird is a typical Mediterranean basin michahellis: the elegant and well-balanced outline, flat-topped crown and rather vertical nape, quite robust and blunt-tipped bill, longish legs, and mantle colour a slightly darker shade of grey c.f.
		The right-hand-bird, in comparison, is smaller and slighter with a relatively rounded head, a more slender and pointed bill, shorter legs and a mantle colour somewhat darker and more 'saturated' than the bird in the left-hand photo.
	www.deanar.btinternet.co.uk /wmgulls/YlG/phenotypes.htm (176 words)

	Cape Hatteras Gull (Larus sp.) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This gull was observed by a bunch of birders on 15 Feb 2004 near Cape Hatteras Point on the "south beach" with a flock of mostly Herring Gulls.
		The legs were dull golden "school bus yellow" colored, not bright yellow but clearly not pink like the nearby Herrings.
		The iris was yellow and the orbital ring was reddish.
	www.duke.edu /~jspippen/yellowleggedtypegull.htm (269 words)

	gulls, Yellow-legged Gull
		Numbers of YLG's sharply declined in August as HG's and LBBG's significantly increased.
		Only c5 juv YLG were seen in September and none in October (when there were 3 ads on 20th).
		The use of falcons to discourage gulls from foraging at the tip has probably had an adverse effect on the number of YLG's using the site this year.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /wightvogels/ylg1.html (316 words)

	Untitled
		Since most common juvenile large gulls in northwestern Europe show brownish heads, an individual with a pale head requires a second look and a check of other fieldmarks that may lead to an identification as e.g.
		Caspian Gull is famous in having a rather white-ish head in its juvenile/1st winter plumage and this bird shows this quite clear.
		Yellow-legged Gulls usually show a pale head in juvenile/1st winter plumage although it is often more streaked than in Caspian, with the most streaking around the eye, forming a vague mask.
	www.xs4all.nl /~calidris/witkoppen.htm (470 words)

	Wings In Flight - Yellow-legged Gull / Mangrove warbler Chase ~ Feb 7th 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		There were no gulls for about 20 min and then they started to come in and congregate at the bottom of the landfill on a newly flattened area.
		We drove closer to where the gulls were and after about 5-10 min found what we were looking for.
		The gull flushed along with the other gulls a couple of times but after sifting through many first year Herring Gulls with their dull brown plumage overall, we again found our gull with its much paler chest and short fat fl bill.
	www.wingsinflight.com /ylgullsumm.html (410 words)

	surfbirds.com - I.D. of juv Yellow-legged Gull
		In North America, there are a growing number of records of Yellow-legged Gull L michahellis largely of adults, and probably involving the races michahellis and atlantis.
		When having spent some time looking through a flock of Herring Gulls, you suddenly come across a young gull that looks longer-winged (especially when the wings of Herring are still growing) and longer–legged, slightly more majestic, then is the time to pay close attention.
		It is clearly a large and strong-looking gull with a square head and broad bill, showing a prominent gonydeal point and hooked tip.
	www.surfbirds.com /ID%20Articles/YLGs1.html (1096 words)

	B-Mail(sm): ID-FRONTIERS for October 6-12, 2002
		The point here is that molt timing seems to be one of the most variable and reactive features of gull populations, and even for individuals: note the reaction of Kelp gulls that end up in the northern hemisphere as they quickly adopt a Boreal molt cycle instead on and Austral one.
		Here are the moult (molt) score of those 3 gulls: 5555555410 5555555410 5555555200 So, in early October, 4 in a hundred YLGs may have 2 old primaries, and 8 may have one.
		The gull was photographed a week ago in the north of The Netherlands.
	www.virtualbirder.com /bmail/idfrontiers/200210/w2 (3850 words)

	cantonrep.com
		Which may be why a yellow-legged gull that veered wildly off course last winter and landed on the Gulf Coast ended up feeding at the J.C. Elliott landfill, a 92-foot-high pile of refuse on the outskirts of town.
		The gull’s first-ever appearance in Texas has caused quite a stir in birding circles, and an unexpected rise in tourism at the city garbage dump.
		A 250-square-foot heap of freshly hauled trash is a scene from a Hitchcock movie, a blur of white feathers and beaks swarming the leftovers of 280,000 residents.
	www.cantonrep.com /index.php?Category=23&ID=159771&r=1 (924 words)

	Another Mystery Gull in Massachusetts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This juvenile gull was seen by Peter Flood and Blair Nikula on South Monomoy Island, Chatham, Massachusetts on 2 November 2003, and digiscoped by Blair Nikula.
		The first impression was of a "runt" Great Black-backed Gull, the plumage being quite similar to that species.
		Rik Winters (11/4/03): "The mystery Gull is seems to be OK for european herring gull, especially if you have seen the pale window in the primaries.
	home.comcast.net /~odenews/JuvGullSMoy1103.htm (695 words)

	CBC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Small, dark, slim michahellis are sometimes seen in Cambs when Lesser Black-backed Gulls are on the move in the spring.
		This bird was originally thought to be a Caspian Gull (cachinnans), because it superficially looked like a 2nd winter (2CY) bird, had a mirror on P10, and demonstrated continued aggression with much wing raising.
		A 3CY michahellis in this stage of moult in November is unusual.
	www.cambridgebirdclub.org.uk /gullpages/ylg.htm (123 words)

	Hampton's Gull Quiz #9
		The yellow bill with red gonydeal spot and no fl mark is enough to rule out Mew, Common, Kamchatka, Black-tailed, Ring-billed, Armenian, and Steppe (barabensis) (California very rarely lacks fl in the bill).
		The more usual pattern for most gulls is a large mirror on P10 separated from the tip by a thin fl band, which fits all the other remaining candidates (though I wonder about graellsii; check out the heuglini-like P10 on a Texas bird at Martin Reid's site).
		The legs are not orange-yellow enough (note there is a still a distinct pink tone to the legs) and the mantle is not dark enough.
	www.geocities.com /RainForest/Canopy/6181/quiz9.htm (564 words)

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